Adeno-Associated Viruses as Gene Delivery Tools for Diabetic Heart Disease and Failure: Key Considerations for Clinicians and Preclinical Researchers.

Diabetes is becoming more common worldwide, and people with diabetes are twice as likely to experience heart problems compared to those without diabetes. These cardiovascular complications are the foremost cause of mortality among people with diabetes. A specific form of heart failure known as "diabetic cardiomyopathy" can develop in individuals with diabetes.

Migrant parents' perceptions of the benefits, barriers, and facilitators of young children's physical activity and sedentary behavior: A systematic review of qualitative studies.

Introduction: Despite increasing global migration, children from migrant backgrounds are underrepresented in physical activity research. This systematic review aimed to consolidate existing qualitative evidence on parental perceptions of the benefits, barriers, and facilitators of promoting physical activity and limiting sedentary behavior of their first- or second-generation migrant children aged 0-6 years.

Methods: Six electronic databases (Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus, Global, and Health EMBASE) were searched for qualitative peer-reviewed English language studies using terms covering migrants, parents, perceptions, physical activity, and sedentary behavior.

Strategies to Optimise the Engagement of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Populations in Cardiac Research: A Systematic Review.

Aims: Culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) populations remain underrepresented in cardiovascular disease (CVD) research despite their higher disease burden compared to non-CALD populations. The purpose of this review is to synthesize the available literature on strategies to engage CALD participants in CVD research.

Methods And Results: Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched for literature up until May 2024.

Regulatory responses to ultra-processed foods are skewed towards behaviour change and not food system transformation.

Growing evidence suggests that diets high in ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are harming human and planetary health. UPFs therefore pose a complex regulatory challenge, yet, to date, little research has systematically assessed how governments have responded to UPFs in national food policies. Here we analyse data from the NOURISHING database to assess the scope and strength of UPF-related regulatory interventions worldwide, using three frameworks-namely, NOURISHING, the Nuffield Ladder and the Modalities of Control framework.

Soldier performance management: insights from boots on ground research and recommendations for practitioners.

Theoretically, the serial measurement of biomarkers to monitor physiological responses to military training could be used to mitigate musculoskeletal injury risk and better understand the recovery status of personnel. To date, the cost and scalability of these initiatives have impeded their uptake by defence organisations. However, advances in technology are increasing the accessibility of a range of health and performance biomarkers.

Feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary impact of "Supper Heroes", a family-based sustainable diet intervention.

The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of "Supper Heroes", a superhero-themed mobile health (mHealth) intervention designed to reduce food waste and increase plant-based protein food intake among families with children aged 9-14 in Ontario, Canada. A single arm, pre-post mixed methods design was used to evaluate the intervention. The 4-month mHealth intervention included 7 online modules with infographics, videos, and activities to help families reduce their food waste and eat more plant-based protein foods.

Longitudinal associations between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and subclinical cardiovascular measures in Chinese children.

Introduction: The clinical utility of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in predicting subsequent subclinical cardiovascular damages in pediatric population remains poorly understood.

Methods: Data on 1,161 Chinese children aged 10-15 years were used to assess the longitudinal associations of MASLD with subsequent subclinical cardiovascular damages.

Results: Compared with relatively healthy children, children with MASLD had abnormal vascular and cardiac structures, along with reduced cardiac diastolic function at the 2-year follow-up.

Enhancing stroke disease classification through machine learning models via a novel voting system by feature selection techniques.

Heart disease remains a leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide, necessitating the development of accurate and reliable predictive models to facilitate early detection and intervention. While state of the art work has focused on various machine learning approaches for predicting heart disease, but they could not able to achieve remarkable accuracy. In response to this need, we applied nine machine learning algorithms XGBoost, logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, k-nearest neighbors (KNN), support vector machine (SVM), gaussian naïve bayes (NB gaussian), adaptive boosting, and linear regression to predict heart disease based on a range of physiological indicators.

The Effect of Carnosine Supplementation on Musculoskeletal Health in Adults with Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background/objectives: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is associated with an increased risk of adverse musculoskeletal outcomes likely due to heightened chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and advanced glycation end-products (AGE). Carnosine has been shown to have anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and anti-AGE properties. However, no clinical trials have examined the impact of carnosine on musculoskeletal health in adults with prediabetes or T2D.

"So many people don't understand what exercise physiology is." Understanding the integration of Accredited Exercise Physiologists within Australian healthcare: A qualitative study.

Objectives: To explore the perspectives and experiences of Accredited Exercise Physiologists (AEPs) regarding their integration within the Australian healthcare setting.

Design: A qualitative descriptive approach utilising semi-structured interviews.

Methods: Practicing AEPs (n = 15) completed interviews via videoconferencing between May and July 2023.

Modelling vitamin D fortification scenarios for the Australian population.

Background: Low vitamin D status (circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration <50 nmol/L) is prevalent in Australia, and 95% of Australians have been estimated to have low vitamin D intake (mean range 1.8-3.2 μg/day).

Behavioral and sociodemographic correlates of sleep duration among children in Samoa.

Objectives: To describe sleep duration, adherence to sleep recommendations, and behavioral and sociodemographic correlates of sleep among Samoan children.

Methods: In a longitudinal cohort study of Samoan children aged 2-9years (n = 481; 50% female), primary caregivers reported usual number of hours of nighttime sleep during 2015, 2017/2018, and 2019/2020 data collection waves. Associations between behavioral and sociodemographic characteristics and sleep duration were assessed using generalized linear and mixed effect regressions.

Injury risk factors and their priority for mitigation in women's netball: a systematic review and Delphi consensus.

This study aimed to establish consensus on injury risk factors in netball via a combined systematic review and Delphi method approach. A systematic search of databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL) was conducted from inception until June 2023. Twenty-four risk factors were extracted from 17 studies and combined with a three-round Delphi approach to achieve consensus.

Changes in sleep duration status and risk of high carotid intima-media thickness in children: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Short sleep duration is common in the pediatric population and is associated with an increased risk of high carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT), a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis. However, little is known regarding whether changes in sleep duration status over time can alter the risk of high cIMT in children.

Objectives: To examine the association between changes in sleep duration status and high cIMT in a cohort study of Chinese children.

Comparing Australian children's dietary intakes with the Eat-Lancet Commission Planetary Health Diet targets and Australian Dietary Guidelines: a cross-sectional study.

Purpose: As healthy eating recommendations shift to incorporate environmentally sustainable eating principles, it becomes crucial to understand whether children's dietary intakes align with global recommendations such as the EAT-Lancet Commission Planetary Health Diet (PHD), in addition to national health-promoting guidelines, including the Australian Dietary Guidelines (ADG). This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the alignment of young Australian children's food intakes with these recommendations.

Methods: Dietary data from the 2011-2012 National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey for children aged 2-8 years were used and compared with, energy-adjusted target amounts of the PHD and ADG Foundation Diet.

Focus group-supported development and psychometric exploration of an instrument to assess perceived physical exertion in nursing students.

Background: The physical demands of nurses during their work and education are high. In addition, shortage in nursing staff increases the individual workload. However, an appropriate tool to measure perceived physical exertion in nursing students is missing.

Cardio-metabolic and cytoskeletal proteomic signatures differentiate stress hypersensitivity in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice.

Extreme heterogeneity exists in the hypersensitive stress response exhibited by the dystrophin-deficient mdx mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Because stress hypersensitivity can impact dystrophic phenotypes, this research aimed to understand the peripheral pathways driving this inter-individual variability. Male and female mdx mice were phenotypically stratified into "stress-resistant" or "stress-sensitive" groups based on their response to two laboratory stressors.

Systematic review of nutrition interventions in older patients with cancer: A synthesis of evidence and a future research priority.

Introduction: Older patients with cancer (65 years and older) are a growing population with unique nutrition-and treatment-related issues that accelerate aging. Nutrition interventions attenuate nutritional decline, muscle loss, and risk of malnutrition and sarcopenia in patients with cancer, however the evidence for older patients with cancer is limited. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the efficacy of nutrition interventions on nutritional status, body weight/composition and clinical outcomes in older patients with cancer and to identify future research priority areas.

Comparing and assessing physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines for different populations with and without chronic conditions and/or disabilities: a systematic review protocol.

Physical activity guidelines targeting different populations with and without chronic diseases or disabilities are required to meet the diverse functional and physiological needs experienced by different subgroups of people to achieve optimal health benefits. As the importance of physical activity guidelines in promoting optimal health and well-being becomes increasingly recognised, there is a critical need for their systematic evaluation to ensure they remain effective, applicable and aligned with evolving health needs and scientific insights. This study aims to systematically review, critically evaluate, and compare global physical activity and sedentary behaviour guidelines on frequency, intensity, time, and type of exercise for adults, pregnant and postpartum women, and people living with chronic conditions and/or disabilities.

An expert consensus statement on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studies.

Biomarkers of ageing serve as important outcome measures in longevity-promoting interventions. However, there is limited consensus on which specific biomarkers are most appropriate for human intervention studies. This work aimed to address this need by establishing an expert consensus on biomarkers of ageing for use in intervention studies via the Delphi method.

LiDAR-based scaling of OpenSim musculoskeletal human models is a viable alternative to marker-based approaches - A preliminary study.

Biomechanical analysis is increasingly being undertaken in field-based settings, often using inertial sensors or video-based pose estimation. These advancements necessitate more practical and accessible scaling methods as alternatives to traditional laboratory-based techniques like optical marker-based scaling. LiDAR scanning is a technique that could provide a reliable and efficient means of scaling biomechanical models.

Longitudinal Associations Between Movement Behaviours and Development Among Infants Using Compositional Data Analysis.

Background: The study examined the longitudinal associations of sleep time, restrained time, back time and tummy time with development in a sample of infants using compositional data analysis.

Methods: Participants were a subsample of 93 parent-infant dyads from the Early Movers project in Edmonton, Canada. Parents completed a 3-day time-use diary at 2, 4 and 6 months of age.

The effects of exercise on anxiety and depression in adults with cancer: A meta-review of meta-analyses.

Background: This meta-review aimed to synthesize the evidence of the effects of exercise on anxiety and depression symptoms amongst adults with cancer, and cancer-survivors, comparing effects sizes between meta-analysis.

Methods: Major databases were searched up to February 9, 2024 for meta-analyses evaluating the effects of exercise, using anxiety and/or depression scales. Effect size (ES) values were calculated as standardized differences in the means and expressed as the Standardized Mean Difference (SMD) with the 95% confidence interval (95%CI).