Multi-domain Online Therapeutic Investigation of Neurocognition (MOTION) - A randomized comparative-effectiveness study of two remotely delivered mind-body interventions for older adults with cognitive decline.

Background: Research suggest that mind-body movement programs have beneficial effects on cognitive outcomes for older adults with cognitive decline. However, few studies have directly compared specific approaches to mind-body movement or studied the impact of remote program delivery.

Methods: In a 3-arm randomized controlled trial (RCT) for older adults with cognitive impairment, we are comparing a multidomain mind-body program that emphasizes movement, body awareness, personal meaningfulness, and social connection, and a traditional Chinese mind-body exercise (Tai Chi) to a health and wellness education control condition.

Clonally expanded, targetable, natural killer-like NKG7 T cells seed the aged spinal cord to disrupt myeloid-dependent wound healing.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) increasingly affects aged individuals, where functional impairment and mortality are highest. However, the aging-dependent mechanisms underpinning tissue damage remain elusive. Here, we find that natural killer-like T (NKLT) cells seed the intact aged human and murine spinal cord and multiply further after injury.

An extensive dataset of spiking activity to reveal the syntax of the ventral stream.

Visual neuroscience benefits from high-quality datasets with neuronal responses to many images. Several neuroimaging datasets have been published in recent years, but no comparable dataset with spiking activity exists. Here, we introduce the THINGS ventral stream spiking dataset (TVSD).

Identifying genetic differences between bipolar disorder and major depression through multiple genome-wide association analyses.

Background: Accurate diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BPD) is difficult in clinical practice, with an average delay between symptom onset and diagnosis of about 7 years. A depressive episode often precedes the first manic episode, making it difficult to distinguish BPD from unipolar major depressive disorder (MDD).

Aims: We use genome-wide association analyses (GWAS) to identify differential genetic factors and to develop predictors based on polygenic risk scores (PRS) that may aid early differential diagnosis.

Rapid changes in plasma corticosterone and medial amygdala transcriptome profiles during social status change reveal molecular pathways associated with a major life history transition in mouse dominance hierarchies.

Social hierarchies are a common form of social organization across species. Although hierarchies are largely stable across time, animals may socially ascend or descend within hierarchies depending on environmental and social challenges. Here, we develop a novel paradigm to study social ascent and descent within male CD-1 mouse social hierarchies.

Neuronal dynamics of cerebellum and medial prefrontal cortex in adaptive motor timing.

Precise temporal control of sensorimotor coordination and adaptation is a fundamental basis of animal behavior. How different brain regions are involved in regulating the flexible temporal adaptation remains elusive. Here, we investigated the neuronal dynamics of the cerebellar interposed nucleus (IpN) and the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) neurons during temporal adaptation between delay eyeblink conditioning (DEC) and trace eyeblink conditioning (TEC).

Antepartum insomnia symptoms and its association with postpartum depression symptoms in women with and without psychiatric vulnerability: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Postpartum depression is common and may be linked to antepartum insomnia, a potentially modifiable risk factor. We examine the association between insomnia- and postpartum depression symptoms, considering whether psychiatric vulnerability moderates this link.

Method: Participants completed the Insomnia Severity Index during trimester two and three and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression questionnaire postpartum.

Conventional and Tropism-Modified High-Capacity Adenoviral Vectors Exhibit Similar Transduction Profiles in Human iPSC-Derived Retinal Organoids.

Viral vector delivery of gene therapy represents a promising approach for the treatment of numerous retinal diseases. Adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) constitute the primary gene delivery platform; however, their limited cargo capacity restricts the delivery of several clinically relevant retinal genes. In this study, we explore the feasibility of employing high-capacity adenoviral vectors (HC-AdVs) as alternative delivery vehicles, which, with a capacity of up to 36 kb, can potentially accommodate all known retinal gene coding sequences.

Association and multimodal model of retinal and blood-based biomarkers for detection of preclinical Alzheimer's disease.

Background: The potential diagnostic value of plasma amyloidogenic beta residue 42/40 ratio (Aβ42/Aβ40 ratio), neurofilament light (NfL), tau phosphorylated at threonine-181 (p-tau181), and threonine-217 (p-tau217) has been extensively discussed in the literature. We have also previously described the association between retinal biomarkers and preclinical Alzheimer's disease (AD). The goal of this study was to evaluate the association, and a multimodal model of, retinal and plasma biomarkers for detection of preclinical AD.

Time Dependent Effects of Cerebellar tDCS on Cerebello-cortical Connectivity Networks in Young Adults.

The cerebellum is involved in non-motor processing, supported by topographically distinct cerebellar activations and closed-loop circuits between the cerebellum and the cortex. Disruptions to cerebellar function may negatively impact prefrontal function and processing. Cerebellar resources may be important for offloading cortical processing, providing crucial scaffolding for normative performance and function.

Efficacy of GABA aminotransferase inactivator OV329 in models of neuropathic and inflammatory pain without tolerance or addiction.

Dysregulation of GABAergic inhibition is associated with pathological pain. Consequently, enhancement of GABAergic transmission represents a potential analgesic strategy. However, therapeutic potential of current GABA agonists and modulators is limited by unwanted side effects.

Population encoding of observed and actual somatosensations in the human posterior parietal cortex.

Cognition relies on transforming sensory inputs into a generalizable understanding of the world. Mirror neurons have been proposed to underlie this process, mapping visual representations of others' actions and sensations onto neurons that mediate our own, providing a conduit for understanding. However, this theory has limitations.

Impaired macroscopic CSF flow by sevoflurane in humans - both during and after anesthesia.

Background: According to the model of the glymphatic system, the directed flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a driver of waste clearance from the brain. In sleep, glymphatic transport is enhanced, but it is unclear how it is affected by anesthesia. Animal research indicates partially opposing effects of distinct anesthetics but corresponding results in humans are lacking.

Changes in Cannabis Use Patterns in Psychiatric Populations Pre- and Post-Legalization of Recreational Cannabis Use in Canada: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Survey.

Objective: Since the federal Canadian government legalized cannabis in 2018, cannabis use in the general population has slightly increased. However, little is known about the impact of cannabis legalization on pattens of cannabis use in psychiatric populations.

Method: We studied changes in daily/almost daily and average 30-day cannabis use amongst individuals currently using cannabis who reported past 12-month experiences of specific mental health disorders and among those without past 12-month experiences of any mental health disorder before and after Canadian legalization of recreational cannabis use ( = 13,527).

A distinct hypothalamus-habenula circuit governs risk preference.

Appropriate risk evaluation is essential for survival in complex, uncertain environments. Confronted with choosing between certain (safe) and uncertain (risky) options, animals show strong preference for either option consistently across extended time periods. How such risk preference is encoded in the brain remains elusive.

Amyloid-β-driven synaptic deficits are mediated by synaptic removal of GluA3-containing AMPA-receptors.

The detrimental effects of oligomeric amyloid-β (Aβ) on synapses are considered the leading cause for cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. However, through which mechanism Aβ oligomers impair synaptic structure and function remains unknown. Here, we used electrophysiology and AMPA-receptor (AMPAR) imaging on mice and rat neurons to demonstrate that GluA3 expression in neurons lacking GluA3 is sufficient to re-sensitize their synapses to the damaging effects of Aβ, indicating that GluA3-containing AMPARs at synapses are necessary and sufficient for Aβ to induce synaptic deficits.

Regulation of mutant huntingtin mitochondrial toxicity by phosphomimetic mutations within its N-terminal region.

Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease, affects approximately 30,000 people in the United States, with 200,000 more at risk. Mitochondrial dysfunction caused by mutant huntingtin (mHTT) drives early HD pathophysiology. mHTT binds the translocase of mitochondrial inner membrane (TIM23) complex, inhibiting mitochondrial protein import and altering the mitochondrial proteome.

Atomistic adsorption of PETase onto large-scale PET 3D-models that mimic reality.

Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) has been widely used in plastic products, leading to massive PET waste accumulation in ecosystems worldwide. Efforts to find greener processes for dealing with post-consumer PET waste led to the discovery of PET-degrading enzymes such as PETase (PETase). studies have provided valuable contributions to this field, shedding light on the catalytic mechanisms and substrate interactions in many PET hydrolase enzymes.

Endothelial-secreted Endocan activates PDGFRA and regulates vascularity and spatial phenotype in glioblastoma.

Extensive neovascularization is a hallmark of glioblastoma (GBM). In addition to supplying oxygen and nutrients, vascular endothelial cells provide trophic support to GBM cells via paracrine signaling. Here we report that Endocan (ESM1), an endothelial-secreted proteoglycan, confers enhanced proliferative, migratory, and angiogenic properties to GBM cells and regulates their spatial identity.

How does orientation-tuned normalization spread across the visual field?

Visuocortical responses are regulated by gain control mechanisms, giving rise to fundamental neural and perceptual phenomena such as surround suppression. Suppression strength, determined by the composition and relative properties of stimuli, controls the strength of neural responses in early visual cortex, and in turn, the subjective salience of the visual stimulus. Notably, suppression strength is modulated by feature similarity; for instance, responses to a center-surround stimulus in which the components are collinear to each other are weaker than when they are orthogonal.

Spike frequency adaptation in primate lateral prefrontal cortex neurons results from interplay between intrinsic properties and circuit dynamics.

Cortical neurons in brain slices display intrinsic spike frequency adaptation (I-SFA) to constant current inputs, while extracellular recordings show extrinsic SFA (E-SFA) during sustained visual stimulation. Inferring how I-SFA contributes to E-SFA during behavior is challenging due to the isolated nature of slice recordings. To address this, we recorded macaque lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) neurons in vivo during a visually guided saccade task and in vitro in brain slices.

Prefrontal cortex neuronal ensembles dynamically encode task features during associative memory and virtual navigation.

Neuronal populations expand their information-encoding capacity using mixed selective neurons. This is particularly prominent in association areas such as the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), which integrate information from multiple sensory systems. However, during conditions that approximate natural behaviors, it is unclear how LPFC neuronal ensembles process space- and time-varying information about task features.

Different Time Courses of Mono- and Bi-Liganded Bursts of Channel Openings of Adult nAChR Molecules Formed by the Reactions of Transmembrane Regions.

We recorded transmembrane currents through single nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in cell-attached patches at high temporal resolutions from cultured and transiently transfected HEK 293 cells. Receptor activation was elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) or epibatidine (Ebd) at concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 100 µM, binding to one (R or R) or both extracellular ligand binding sites (R).