Economic high-throughput-identification of influenza A subtypes from clinical specimens with a DNA-oligonucleotide microarray in an outbreak situation.

Influenza A surface proteins H (haemagglutinin) and N (neuraminidase) occur in sixteen and nine distinct genotypes, respectively. The need for a timely production of vaccinations in case of pandemics or seasonal epidemics requires rapid typing methods for the determination of these alleles. The aim of the present study was to develop and improve a rapid and economic assay for determining H and N subtypes of influenza A from patient samples.

Sequence-based typing of a novel HLA-DRB1*14 allele, DRB1*1475, in a Caucasian woman.

The sequence of the human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRB1*1475 differs from the closest aligned sequence HLA-DRB1*140102 by a single-nucleotide substitution at codon 81 (CAC-->TAC) resulting in an amino acid change from Leu to Gln.