Long-term safety and effectiveness of a somatropin biosimilar (Omnitrope) in children requiring growth hormone therapy: analysis of final data of Italian patients enrolled in the PATRO children study.

Purpose: Omnitrope (a somatropin biosimilar), used to treat growth disturbances, is considered to have a good safety profile in children. Here, we present the analysis of final data of the Italian cohort of the PAtients TReated with Omnitrope (PATRO) Children study.

Methods: This multicenter, open-label, longitudinal, post-marketing surveillance study enrolled eligible children during 2010-2018.

Upadacitinib for Induction of Remission in Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis: An International Multi‑center Study.

Background And Aims: Data on upadacitinib therapy in children with ulcerative colitis (UC) or unclassified inflammatory bowel disease (IBD-U) are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of upadacitinib as an induction therapy in pediatric UC or IBD-U.

Methods: In this multicenter retrospective study, children treated with upadacitinib for induction of remission of active UC or IBD-U from 30 centers worldwide were enrolled.

Effectiveness and Safety of Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir in Italian Children and Adolescents With Chronic Hepatitis C: A Real-Word, Multicenter Study.

Background & Aims: Glecaprevir/Pibrentasvir (GLE/PIB) has been approved by the European Medicine Agency (EMA) and by the US Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) for the treatment of children and adolescents from 3 years of age with chronic hepatitis C virus (CHC) infection. The aim of this study was to confirm the real-world effectiveness and safety of GLE/PIB in children and adolescents (3 to < 18 years old) with CHC.

Methods: This prospective, multicentre study involved 11 Italian centres.

Precision oncology implementation in a regional-based health care system: A professional consensus to define the pathway.

Objective: Precision Oncology requires deep changes in organizational settings but little evidence has been identified about the best strategy to guarantee the delivery of this innovation to patients. In the Italian health care system, high heterogeneity could jeopardize equal access opportunity for patients. Following a consensus method, we aim to define shared solutions to address these issues in clinical practice.

Retrospective cohort study on treatment outcomes of early vs late onset gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects roughly 14% of pregnancies, its prevalence is increasing, and it is associated with a significant risk of complications for both mother and offspring. A high proportion of women with GDM can be detected early in pregnancy. In Italy, early GDM screening occurs in a selective way, as it is performed only in the presence of important risk factors.

Febuxostat-induced agranulocytosis in a pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient: Case Report and literature review.

This report describes a pediatric case of isolated agranulocytosis occurring months after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Secondary cytopenia, or secondary transplant failure, affects 10%-25% of HSCT recipients, with potential triggers including viral infection, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), sepsis, and certain medications. Viral reactivation was ruled out based on negative PCR results, while GVHD and sepsis were ruled out based on the patient's clinical presentation.

Recommendations for Using Health Service Coverage Cascades to Measure Effective Coverage for Maternal, Newborn, Child, and Adolescent Health Services or Interventions.

Using health service coverage cascades to measure effective coverage for maternal, newborn, child, and adolescent health services on a global scale is premature and requires further research and validation to reach consensus.

Beneficial Effects Induced by a Proprietary Blend of a New Bromelain-Based Polyenzymatic Complex Plus N-Acetylcysteine in Urinary Tract Infections: Results from In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infections that involve the urethra, bladder, and, in much more severe cases, even kidneys. These infections represent one of the most common diseases worldwide. Various pathogens are responsible for this condition, the most common being ().

Nurse-Driven Interventions Reduce Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection Close to Zero in One Pediatric Oncologic Facility: A Single-Center Retrospective Observational Study.

Background: Central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) are critical infectious complications among pediatric hematology-oncology patients, and the management of central venous catheters (CVCs) by healthcare personnel can significantly influence the incidence of these infections. This study evaluates the impact of nurse-led changes in CVC management on the incidence of CLABSIs.

Methods: This single-center, retrospective observational study was conducted at an urban, tertiary referral, and academic center serving pediatric patients.

The long non-coding RNA GAS5 contributes to the suppression of inflammatory responses by inhibiting NF-κB activity.

Introduction: Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a key regulator of immune and inflammatory responses. Glucocorticoid drugs (GC) act through the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) as immunosuppressant also in pediatric patients inhibiting NF-κB activity. The long non-coding RNA GAS5 interacts with the GR, influencing GC activity.

Women's suggestions on how to improve the quality of maternal and newborn care: A qualitative analysis from the IMAgiNE EURO survey in Italy during the two years of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Collecting women's views and suggestions for improving quality of maternal-newborn care (QMNC) is a crucial aspect of maternity care evaluation often overlooked in Italy and globally. Childbearing women experienced numerous challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic including the rapid and significant reorganization of maternity services and care. Their perspective on what to prioritize for QMNC improvement is hence pivotal.

Trends in the quality of maternal and neonatal care in Sweden and Norway as compared to 12 WHO European countries: A cross-sectional survey investigating maternal perspectives during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Maternal-neonatal healthcare services were severely disrupted during the COVID-19 pandemic in even high-income countries within the World Health Organization (WHO) European Region. The objective of this study was to compare trends in the quality of maternal and neonatal care (QMNC) in Sweden and Norway to 12 other countries from the WHO European Region during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify domains for improvement.

Material And Methods: This cross-sectional study included women giving birth in Europe from March 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022.

Unravelling the Role of Gut and Oral Microbiota in the Pediatric Population with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease that results in the destruction of pancreatic β cells, leading to hyperglycaemia and the need for lifelong insulin therapy. Although genetic predisposition and environmental factors are considered key contributors to T1DM, the exact causes of the disease remain partially unclear. Recent evidence has focused on the relationship between the gut, the oral cavity, immune regulation, and systemic inflammation.

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis/Macrophage Activation Syndrome in pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: clinical characteristics and outcomes.

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH)/Macrophage Activation Syndrome (MAS) in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been reported only anecdotally. This study aimed at describing the clinical features and outcomes of children diagnosed with both IBD and HLH/MAS. Data on IBD and HLH/MAS characteristics, biochemical, microbiological and genetic assessments, treatments, and outcomes were collected from the Italian Pediatric IBD Registry and presented using descriptive statistics.

Lung cancer and smoking: years lived with disability in Tuscany (Italy). An analysis from the ACAB study.

Background: Lung cancer (LC) is among the most common neoplasms, mostly caused by smoking. This study, carried out within the ACAB project, aims to provide local, updated and systematic estimates of years lived with disability (YLD) from LC due to smoking in the Tuscany region, Italy.

Methods: We estimated YLD for the year 2022 for the whole region and at subregional level by local health unit (LHU) using data from the Tuscany Cancer Registry and local surveys.

Interactions of biofilm polysaccharides produced by human infective bacteria with molecules of the quorum sensing system. A microscopy and NMR study.

Biofilms are the most common lifestyle adopted by bacterial communities where cells live embedded in a self-produced hydrated matrix. Although polysaccharides are considered essential for matrix architecture, their possible functional roles are still rather unexplored. The primary structure of polysaccharides produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae and species of the Burkholderia cepacia Complex revealed a composition rich in rhamnose.

Optimizing Real-Time MI-BCI Performance in Post-Stroke Patients: Impact of Time Window Duration on Classification Accuracy and Responsiveness.

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are promising tools for motor neurorehabilitation. Achieving a balance between classification accuracy and system responsiveness is crucial for real-time applications. This study aimed to assess how the duration of time windows affects performance, specifically classification accuracy and the false positive rate, to optimize the temporal parameters of MI-BCI systems.