Inclusion of Labor Migrants as a Potential Key Population for HIV: A Nationwide Study from Tajikistan.

Key populations are particularly vulnerable to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Nearly half of Tajikistan's gross domestic product (GDP) originates from labor migrant transfers. While not officially designated as a key population, over 300,000 migrants return to Tajikistan every year at increased risk for HIV due to absence or interruption of treatment, change in risky behaviors, and other factors.

Progress in Early Detection of HIV in Tajikistan.

HIV early detection (CD4 counts ≥350 cells/μL) is correlated with higher life expectancy among people living with HIV (PLHIV). Several factors, including physical, cultural, structural, and financial barriers, may limit early detection of HIV. This is a first-of-its-kind study on population-level differences in early detection of HIV across time within Tajikistan and any country in the Central Asia region.

Predicting Violent Reoffending in Individuals Released From Prison in a Lower-Middle-Income Country: A Validation of OxRec in Tajikistan.

Background: Although around 70% of the world's prison population live in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), risk assessment tools for criminal recidivism have been developed and validated in high-income countries (HICs). Validating such tools in LMIC settings is important for the risk management of people released from prison, development of evidence-based intervention programmes, and effective allocation of limited resources.

Methods: We aimed to externally validate a scalable risk assessment tool, the Oxford Risk of Recidivism (OxRec) tool, which was developed in Sweden, using data from a cohort of people released from prisons in Tajikistan.

"Who are You and What are You Doing Here?": Social Capital and Barriers to Movement along the HIV Care Cascade among Tajikistani Migrants with HIV to Russia.

Tajikistani migrants who work in Russia and acquire HIV seldom receive HIV treatment while in Russia. Barriers to engagement in the HIV care cascade were identified from in-depth, semi-structured interviews with purposefully sampled Tajikistani migrants (n = 34) with HIV who had returned from Russia. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis, drawing from Putnam's theory of social capital, showing how bridging and bonding social capital relate to poor engagement in HIV care.

HIV and associated factors among female sex workers in Tajikistan: Analysis from a national bio-behavioral survey.

Tajikistan, a country of approximately nine million people, has a relatively small but quickly growing HIV epidemic. No peer-reviewed study has assessed factors associated with HIV, or associated risk factors, among female sex workers (FSWs) in Tajikistan. The purpose of the current study is to elucidate the factors associated with HIV status and risk factors in the Tajikistani context and add to the scant literature on risk factors among FSWs in Tajikistan and Central Asia.

Association between time spent in the Russian Federation and late presentation for HIV among Tajikistani migrants.

Background: Between 700 thousand and 1.2 million citizens of Tajikistan currently live in the Russian Federation, one of the only countries where the HIV epidemic continues to worsen. Given the previously reported barriers to healthcare access for migrants to the Russian Federation, and the rapidly expanding HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, this present study set out to determine whether these barriers impact late presentation with HIV among Tajikistani migrants upon their return to Tajikistan.

Cross-country analysis of correlation between protection of women's economic and social rights, health improvement and sustainabledevelopment.

Objective: The goal of this study is to assess the correlation between protection of women's economic and social rights (WESR), health improvement and sustainable development.

Methods: A cross-country analysis of 162 countries was employed to assess development, health and human rights of the countries by measuring associated variables. Data sets for the health, human rights and economic and social rights of these countries were from 2004 to 2010.

Factors associated with linkage to care for HIV patients in Tajikistan.

There is a growing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Tajikistan. This paper presents factors associated with linkage to HIV care among people aged 15 years and older in Tajikistan. This retrospective cross-sectional study used the Tajikistan Ministry of Health HIV registry data from patients diagnosed with HIV at age 15 years or older from 2000 to 2016.

Association between antiretroviral therapy and antitubercular drug resistance in TB treatment outcome among Kazakh TB/HIV co-infected patients.

Objectives: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) poses a serious threat to public health in Kazakhstan. This paper presents findings related to TB treatment outcome and drug resistance status among people co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and TB in Kazakhstan.

Methods: A cohort study using data provided by the Kazakhstan Ministry of Health's National Tuberculosis Program for 2014 and 2015 was performed.