Changes in muscle-to-fat ratio are associated with lung function decline and airflow obstruction in the general population.

Background: The long-term relationship between body composition and lung function has not yet been fully demonstrated. We investigated the longitudinal association between muscle-to-fat (MF) ratio and lung function among middle-aged general population.

Methods: Participants were enrolled from a community-based prospective cohort between 2005 and 2014.

Decoration of Autophagy Detecting Nanoparticle with an Anionic Fluorochrome Enhances Multispectral Characterization of Autophagosome Location and Flux.

Autophagy is a key biological process that has proven extremely difficult to detect noninvasively. To address this, an autophagy detecting nanoparticle (ADN) was recently developed, consisting of an iron oxide nanoparticle decorated with cathepsin-cleavable arginine-rich peptides bound to the near-infrared fluorochrome Cy5.5.

Interlaboratory Measurement of Adeno-Associated Virus: Comparative Quantification of Full and Empty Capsids.

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) is one of the main viral vector-based gene therapy platforms. AAV is a virus consisting of a ≈25 nm diameter capsid with a ≈4.7 kb cargo capacity.

Sexual dimorphism on the acute effect of exercise in the morning vs. evening: A randomized crossover study.

Background: Mammalian cells possess molecular clocks, the adequate functioning of which is decisive for metabolic health. Exercise is known to modulate these clocks, potentially having distinct effects on metabolism depending on the time of day. This study aimed to investigate the impact of morning vs.

Integration of partially observed multimodal and multiscale neural signals for estimating a neural circuit using dynamic causal modeling.

Integrating multiscale, multimodal neuroimaging data is essential for a comprehensive understanding of neural circuits. However, this is challenging due to the inherent trade-offs between spatial coverage and resolution in each modality, necessitating a computational strategy that combines modality-specific information effectively. This study introduces a dynamic causal modeling (DCM) framework designed to address the challenge of combining partially observed, multiscale signals across a larger-scale neural circuit by employing a shared neural state model with modality-specific observation models.

Uncertainty Quantification in Automated Detection of Vertebral Metastasis Using Ensemble Monte Carlo Dropout.

The accurate and early detection of vertebral metastases is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Although deep-learning models have shown potential in this area, their lack of prediction reliability and robustness limits their clinical utility. To address these challenges, we propose a novel technique called Ensemble Monte Carlo Dropout (EMCD) for uncertainty quantification (UQ), which combines the Monte Carlo dropout and deep ensembles.

Genome-Wide Approach of Gene-Nutrient Intake Interaction Study for Essential Hypertension in a Large Korean Cohort (KoGES).

There is limited evidence on gene-nutrient interaction associated with hypertension (HTN). We examined interactions between genotypes and various nutrients that influenced high blood pressure (BP). Data were obtained from a total of 50,808 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).

Behavioral, metabolic, and biochemical alterations caused by an acute stress event in a zebrafish larvae model.

Animal welfare is a growing concern in aquaculture practices. Stress induced by handling or transportation can lead to negative impacts on the sector. Zebrafish has raised as an important aquaculture model, but still with few focus on its stress response in early life stages.

Development of a fibrin-targeted theranostic for gastric cancer.

Patients with advanced gastric cancer (GCa) have limited treatment options, and alternative treatment approaches are necessary to improve their clinical outcomes. Because fibrin is abundant in gastric tumors but not in healthy tissues, we hypothesized that fibrin could be used as a high-concentration depot for a high-energy beta-emitting cytotoxic radiopharmaceutical delivered to tumor cells. We showed that fibrin is present in 64 to 75% of primary gastric tumors and 50 to 100% of metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma cores.

Methodological and reporting recommendations for clinical trials in Nutritional Psychiatry: Guidelines from the International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research.

Research on nutraceutical and dietary interventions in psychiatry has grown substantially, but progress is hindered by methodological inconsistencies and limited reporting standards. To address this, the International Society for Nutritional Psychiatry Research presents the first guidelines on clinical trial design, conduct, and reporting for future clinical trials in this area. Recommendations were developed using a Delphi process including eighteen researchers with considerable clinical trial expertise and experience in either methodology, nutraceutical, or dietary interventions in psychiatry.

Pressure-driven magnetic phase change in the CrI/BrCrI heterostructure.

Vertically stacked van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures not only provide a promising platform in terms of band alignment, but also constitute fertile ground for fundamental science and attract tremendous practical interest towards their use in various device applications. Beyond most two-dimensional (2D) materials, which are intrinsically non-magnetic, CrI is a novel material with magnetism dependent on its vdW-bonded layers, promising potential spintronics applications. However, for particular device applications, a heterostructure is commonly fabricated and it is necessary to examine the effect of the interface or contact atoms on the magnetic properties of the heterostructure.

Coupling Probiotics with CaO Nanoparticle-Loaded CoFeCe-LDH Nanosheets to Remodel the Tumor Microenvironment for Precise Chemodynamic Therapy.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has become an emerging cancer treatment strategy with advantages of tumor-specificity, high selectivity, and low systemic toxicity. However, it usually suffers from low therapeutic efficacy. This is caused by low hydroxyl radical (·OH) yield arising because of the relatively high pH, overexpressed glutathione, and low HO concentration in the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Promoting Alcohols Electrooxidation Coupled with Hydrogen Production via Asymmetric Pulse Potential Strategy.

Electrocatalytic organic oxidation coupled with hydrogen (H) production emerges as a profitable solution to simultaneously reduce overall energy consumption of H production and synthetic high-value chemicals. Noble metal catalysts are highly efficient electrocatalysts in oxidation reactions, but they deactivate easily weakening the benefit in actual production. Herein, we report a universal asymmetric pulse potential strategy to achieve long-term stable operation of noble metals for various alcohol oxidation reactions and noble metal catalysts.

Early developmental effects of propofol exposure in different stages of zebrafish embryos.

The mechanism of action of propofol, a common intravenous anaesthetic, in early life stages is not well understood with contradictory studies showing neurotoxic and neurogenic effects in the developing brain. Zebrafish early life stages have been established as an alternative model for animal experimentation with propofol toxicological effects reported following chronic exposure. Yet, the acute exposure to other anaesthetics has been shown to induce early life stage-dependent toxicological outcomes.

Construction of spontaneous built-in electric field on heterointerface furnishing continuous efficient adsorption-directional migration-conversion of polysulfides.

Integrating sulfur with efficient electrocatalysts remains a pressing need in lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries for modulating the sluggish conversion kinetics and restricting the shuttle behavior of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs). Herein, a compact p-type FeO and n-type MoS heterostructure embedded on nitrogen-doped porous carbon (FeO-MoS-NPC-0.5) is meticulously constructed as dual-functional hosts that can facilitate continuous catalytic conversion of LiPSs.

Metal Doping Enabling Defective CoMo-Layered Double Hydroxide Nanosheets as Highly Efficient Photosensitizers for NIR-II Photodynamic Cancer Therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is attracting widespread attention as a promising strategy for tumor treatment. However, the efficacy of PDT is severely limited by the insufficient tissue penetration depth of the light source and low reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency. Herein, the metal doping strategy is reported to construct a series of defect-rich M-doped amorphous CoMo-layered double hydroxide (a-M-CoMo-LDH, M = Mn, Cu, Al, Ni, Mg, Zn) photosensitizers (PSs) for NIR-II PDT.

A novel deep learning algorithm for real-time prediction of clinical deterioration in the emergency department for a multimodal clinical decision support system.

The array of complex and evolving patient data has limited clinical decision making in the emergency department (ED). This study introduces an advanced deep learning algorithm designed to enhance real-time prediction accuracy for integration into a novel Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS). A retrospective study was conducted using data from a level 1 tertiary hospital.

Artificial intelligence-derived electrocardiographic aging and risk of atrial fibrillation: a multi-national study.

Background And Aims: Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) provides promising age prediction methods. This study investigated whether the discrepancy between ECG-derived AI-predicted age (AI-ECG age) and chronological age, termed electrocardiographic aging (ECG aging), is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) risk.

Methods: An AI-ECG age prediction model was developed using a large-scale dataset (1 533 042 ECGs from 689 639 participants) and validated with six independent and multi-national datasets (737 133 ECGs from 330 794 participants).

Assessing the impact of vaccines on COVID-19 efficacy in survival rates: a survival analysis approach for clinical decision support.

Background: The global COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has presented significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide.

Objective: This study, based on an analysis of a cohort from the Public Health System of Andalusia (Spain), aims to evaluate how vaccination affects case-fatality rate in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 infection in Andalusia.

Methods: The cohort consists of 37,274 individuals after applying the inclusion criteria.

Supramolecular Rotor Assembly for the Design of a Hybrid Ferroelectric-Antiferromagnetic Multiferroic Semiconductor.

Ferroelectric (FE)-antiferromagnetic (AFM) multiferroic materials have sparked growing interest due to their huge possibilities in energy-saving, photoelectric devices, nonvolatile storage, and switches. However, realizing FE-AFM properties in a hybrid molecular material is difficult because ferroelectric and magnetic orders are commonly mutually exclusive. Here, we report an FE-AFM multiferroic semiconductor [NH(18-crown-6)][Mn(SCN)] (NCMS) by supramolecular assembly approach via molecular rotor synthon [NH(18-crown-6)] and inorganic magnetic module [Mn(SCN)].