Alphaherpesvirus in Pets and Livestock.

Herpesviruses are a group of DNA viruses capable of infecting multiple mammalian species, including humans. This review primarily summarizes four common alphaherpesviruses found in pets and livestock (feline, swine, canine, and bovine) in aspects such as epidemiology, immune evasion, and latency and reactivation. Despite the fact that they primarily infect specific hosts, these viruses have the potential for cross-species transmission due to genetic mutations and/or recombination events.

Assessing the Impact of Frailty on Infection Risk in Older Adults: Prospective Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Infectious diseases are among the leading causes of death and disability and are recognized as a major cause of health loss globally. At the same time, frailty as a geriatric syndrome is a rapidly growing major public health problem. However, few studies have investigated the incidence and risk of infectious diseases in frail older people.

[Latent period and incubation period with associated factors of COVID-19 caused by Omicron variant].

To estimate the latent period and incubation period of Omicron variant infections and analyze associated factors. From January 1 to June 30, 2022, 467 infections and 335 symptomatic infections in five local Omicron variant outbreaks in China were selected as the study subjects. The latent period and incubation period were estimated by using log-normal distribution and gamma distribution models, and the associated factors were analyzed by using the accelerated failure time model (AFT).

[Epidemiological characteristics of a 2019-nCoV outbreak caused by Omicron variant BF.7 in Shenzhen].

To explore the epidemiological characteristic of a COVID-19 outbreak caused by 2019-nCoV Omicron variant BF.7 and other provinces imported in Shenzhen and analyze transmission chains and characteristics. Field epidemiological survey was conducted to identify the transmission chain, analyze the generation relationship among the cases.

[Risk assessment of in infant formula powder].

To assess the risk of foodborne diseases caused by in infant formula powder from retail to feeding and provide formulate suggestions for safe feeding of infants at home. This study used the special monitoring and risk monitoring data of infant formula powder in Heilongjiang Province and combined data at home and abroad. The @RISK software was used to evaluate the disease risk caused by in the process of infant formula powder from retail to feeding.

Polymorphisms in the PE35 and PPE68 antigens in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains may affect strain virulence and reflect ongoing immune evasion.

Previous studies have demonstrated that the Pro‑Glu/Pro‑Pro‑Glu (PE/PPE) genes in strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis exhibit high sequence variation and may be involved in antigenic variation and immune evasion. Region of Difference 1 (RD1), encoding genes from Rv3871 to Rv3879, was observed to be lost during the original derivation of Bacillus Calmette‑Guérin between 1908 and 1921. It has been previously demonstrated that two PE/PPE proteins, PE35 (Rv3872) and PPE68 (Rv3873), are encoded by RD1 and exhibit immunodominance.