Association of Physiological Reserve Obtained from Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing and Frailty with All-Cause Mortality in Hemodialysis Patients.

Background: Potential impairment of exercise capacity is prevalent even in patients undergoing hemodialysis without frailty. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) can detect physiological reserves such as cardiopulmonary, muscle, and autonomic function. We hypothesized that these indices could accurately determine the prognosis of patients on hemodialysis and analyzed them based on their relationship to frailty.

Foam Rolling Intervention Improves Lactate Clearance After High-Intensity Exercise.

The acute effects of a foam rolling intervention on lactate clearance and the impaired executive function associated with fatigue after high-intensity exercise remain unclear. This study examined whether foam rolling is an effective tool for fatigue recovery. Eighteen healthy adults without consistent exercise habits participated in this study.

Translation and Cross-cultural Adaptation of the Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic Shoulder and Elbow Score Into Japanese and Comparison of Visual Analog Scale and 10-Point Scale Formats.

Background: The Kerlan-Jobe Orthopaedic Clinic shoulder and elbow score (KJOC) is sensitive enough to detect subtle changes in the functional level of the shoulder or elbow in overhead athletes. However, a Japanese version of the KJOC is not yet available. Moreover, the original KJOC uses a visual analog scale (VAS) assessment format that requires a print version so that users can add a check mark along a horizontal line.

Comparison of the distance between the talus and lateral malleolus during the stance phase with and without chronic ankle instability.

The level of dynamic mechanical instability between the bony parts of the ankle joint provides important information on biomechanical function. However, the dynamics of the distance between the talus and lateral malleolus during gait remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the distance between the talus and lateral malleolus and the ankle joint angles during the stance phase of gait between individuals with chronic ankle instability (CAI) and healthy adults.

Determinants of Longitudinal Changes in Exercise Capacity in Patients with Independent Functioning on Hemodialysis.

Objective: Patients with chronic kidney disease reportedly have decreased muscle oxygen utilization, which most substantially decreases exercise capacity, followed by cardiac reserve. However, determinants of longitudinal changes in exercise capacity in patients on hemodialysis and the effects of long-term exercise interventions are unknown. This study was conducted to clarify these concerns.

Relationship of Cognitive Function with Oxygenated Haemoglobin Concentration Difference Between the Left and Right Prefrontal Cortex During 40-Min Moderate-Intensity Exercise.

The high concentration of oxygenated haemoglobin (OHb) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) during exercise improves cognitive performance. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the relationship of cognitive function with the OHb concentration difference between the left and right PFC (L-PFC and R-PFC, respectively) during sustained exercise. We enrolled 12 healthy adult males who, after a 4-min rest and warm-up, performed a 40-min exercise regime at a workload corresponding to 50% maximal oxygen consumption.

The acute effect of throwing training with virtual reality on boccia competitive performance in healthy adults.

[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the differences in the acute effects of virtual and actual throwing training on throwing performance. [Participants and Methods] Twenty healthy men and six women with no boccia experience were randomly divided into the virtual and non-virtual groups. The task involved throwing boccia balls at target sets of 2 (short), 5 (middle), and 9 m (long).

TMS-EEG signatures of the effects of transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS) on cortical excitability.

In transcranial static magnetic field stimulation (tSMS), a strong and small magnet placed over the head can modulate cortical functions below the magnet as well as those in the region remote from the magnet. We studied the neuromodulation induced by tSMS using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) combined with simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) to clarify the neurophysiological underpinnings of tSMS. tSMS or sham stimulation was applied over the left primary motor cortex (M1) for 20 min in 15 healthy subjects.

Amitriptyline and duloxetine attenuate activities of superficial dorsal horn neurons in a rat reserpine-induced fibromyalgia model.

Fibromyalgia (FM) is an intractable disease with a chief complaint of chronic widespread pain. Amitriptyline (AMI) and duloxetine (DLX), which are antidepressant drugs, have been reported to ameliorate pain in patients with FM and pain-related behaviors in several rodent models of FM. However, the mechanisms of action of AMI and DLX are not yet fully understood.

Leg fidgeting alleviates reduced oxygen extraction in the gastrocnemius muscle caused by prolonged sitting: a randomized crossover trial.

Purpose: Oxygen extraction in skeletal muscle is an important determinant of exercise tolerance. Prolonged sitting decreases oxygen extraction in the gastrocnemius muscle. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown, and preventive measures are yet to be established.

Supraspinal Activation Induced by Visual Kinesthetic Illusion Modulates Spinal Excitability.

Repetitive passive movement (RPM) enhances reciprocal inhibition. RPM is more effective when performed rapidly and at wide joint angles. However, patients with limited joint range of motion may not receive the most effective RPM.

Resting-state functional connectivity involved in tactile orientation processing.

Background: Grating orientation discrimination (GOD) is commonly used to assess somatosensory spatial processing. It allows discrimination between parallel and orthogonal orientations of tactile stimuli applied to the fingertip. Despite its widespread application, the underlying mechanisms of GOD, particularly the role of cortico-cortical interactions and local brain activity in this process, remain elusive.

No effects of cerebellar transcranial random noise stimulation on cerebellar brain inhibition, visuomotor learning, and pupil diameter.

Cerebellar brain inhibition (CBI) is an inhibitory output from the cerebellum to the primary motor cortex, which is decreased in early motor learning. Transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) is a noninvasive brain stimulation to induce brain plastic changes; however, the effects of cerebellar tRNS on CBI and motor learning have not been investigated yet to our knowledge. In this study, whether cerebellar tRNS decreases CBI and improves motor learning was examined, and pupil diameter was measured to examine physiological changes due to the effect of tRNS on motor learning.