Economic burden of multiple sclerosis in Slovakia - from 2015 to 2020.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, commonly diagnosed during young adulthood. The proportion of direct and indirect costs of MS vary across settings. The International Multiple Sclerosis Study, involving 1152 patients with MS from 19 countries, reported the average annual costs per patient to be €41,212, with direct medical costs of €21,093, direct non-medical costs of €2110, and €16,318 marked as indirect costs.

Economic aspects of multiple myeloma: real costs associated with disease in the Slovak Republic.

Health care costs are continuously increasing. Multiple myeloma represents approximately 1% of all malignancies and the 5-year prevalence is 230,000 patients on average. In addition, there is an annual incidence of 3.

Factors Associated with Reinitiation of Statin Treatment in Older Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease.

Background: Long-term persistence represents a basic precondition of successful statin treatment in patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD).

Objectives: The aims of our study were evaluation of reinitiation in older PAD patients who were non-persistent with statin treatment, and identification of patient-related characteristics associated with the patient's probability of reinitiation.

Methods: Our study cohort included 2977 older patients (≥ 65 years) who were non-persistent with statin treatment in whom PAD was newly diagnosed in 2012.

Anaphylaxis in Public Health.

The increasing number of patients with anaphylactic reactions is a modern challenge for healthcare professionals in clinical practice and public health professionals. It remains difficult to determine the prevalence or incidence of anaphylaxis in the population due to the long absence of a consensus definition, the fact that analyses are performed on various population groups and the use of different data collection methodologies. In the United States, anaphylaxis mortality ranges from 0.

Decision and cost analysis of empirical antibiotic therapy of acute sinusitis in the era of increasing antimicrobial resistance: do we have an additional tool for antibiotic policy decisions?

Objective: No previous analyses have attempted to determine optimal therapy for upper respiratory tract infections on the basis of cost-minimization models and the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among respiratory pathogens in Slovakia. This investigation compares macrolides and cephalosporines for empirical therapy and look at this new tool from the aspect of potential antibiotic policy decision-making process.

Methods: We employed a decision tree model to determine the threshold level of macrolides and cephalosporines resistance among community respiratory pathogens that would make cephalosporines or macrolides cost-minimising.

Review of Utilization of Cardiovascular Medicines by Daily Defined Dose in the Czech Republic and Slovak Republic.

To the Editor, Drug utilization is an important field of drug policy and an integral part of public health internationally. This area of research attracts increasing interest but the pioneering work was done 50 years ago when the first drug consumption report from six European countries for the period of 1966-1967 showed great differences in drug utilization between population groups (WHO, 1968). These results gave important stimulus for creation of Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) classification and technical unit of measurement called the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) which is specified as "the assumed average maintenance dose per day for a drug used for its main indication in adults" that dealt with the objections against traditional units of measurement in drug utilization studies (WHO, 2016).

EDTORIAL_.

Why did we prepare this supplement and why it is about interdisciplinary public health issues? It is rather difficult question, but with a simple answer. Neurology field, neuroendocrinology field and many other areas of medicine are actually very important partners for public health professionals. Public health promotes and protects the health of people and the communities where they live, learn, work and play.

Quantitation of IgG kappa and IgG lambda in the cerebrospinal fluid by sandwich ELISA method.

IgG kappa and IgG lambda concentrations were quantified in 96 paired CSF and sera using Hevylite™ antibodies in an in-house developed sandwich ELISA method. In 56 of these samples, the results were compared with a qualitative isoelectric focusing/affinity-mediated immunoblotting assay for oligoclonal IgG kappa and IgG lambda. Normal IgG kappa/lambda ratio in the CSF was the same as in serum.