Trends in Screening for Social Risk in US Physician Practices.

Importance: A wealth of research on screening for social risks in health care has emerged, but evidence is lacking on how social risk screening among physician practices has changed over time.

Objectives: To evaluate trends in screening for social risks among US physician practices and examine practice characteristics associated with adoption of social risk screening.

Design, Setting, And Participants: The main analysis used a repeated cross-sectional design to analyze results from US physician practices that completed the National Survey of Healthcare Organizations and Systems, a nationally representative survey of physician practices, in 2017 and 2022.

Long COVID in transgender and gender nonbinary people in the United States.

Despite recommendations in the US National Research Action Plan on Long COVID, gender identity is rarely reported in research and surveillance used to guide public health programming and clinical care. We analyzed data from a cross-sectional study of COVID-19 in a nationwide sample of transgender and nonbinary (TNB) people (N = 2,134). Participants were surveyed between June 14, 2021 and May 1, 2022.

Associations of prenatal urinary melamine, melamine analogues, and aromatic amines with gestational duration and fetal growth in the ECHO Cohort.

Melamine, its analogues, and aromatic amines (AAs) were commonly detected in a previous study of pregnant women in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Cohort. While these chemicals have identified toxicities, little is known about their influences on fetal development. We measured these chemicals in gestational urine samples in 3 ECHO cohort sites to assess associations with birth outcomes (n = 1,231).

Developing and Comparing Four Families of Bayesian Network Autocorrelation Models for Binary Outcomes: Estimating Peer Effects Involving Adoption of Medical Technologies.

Despite the extensive use of network autocorrelation models in social network analysis, network autocorrelation models for binary dependent variables have received surprisingly scant attention. In this paper, we develop four network autocorrelation models for a binary random variable defined by whether the peer effect (also termed social influence or contagion) acts on latent continuous outcomes leading to an indirect effect under a normal or a logistic distribution or on the probability of the observed outcome itself under a probit or a logit link function defining a direct effect to account for interdependence between outcomes. For all models, we use a Bayesian approach for model estimation under a uniform prior on a transformed peer effect parameter ( ) designed to enhance model computation and compare results to those under the uniform prior for .

Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder in Pediatric Liver Transplant Patients.

Introduction: Following liver transplantation (LT), adequate nutrition is essential, as malnutrition may contribute to slower growth in pediatric patients and put patients at risk of complications following transplant. Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is an eating disorder characterized by restrictive eating patterns that compromise nutrition. Patients with ARFID may have significant difficulty meeting nutritional needs due to fear of gastrointestinal distress, making it especially difficult to manage in patients following LT.

Education and Training Needs of Health Care Professionals in the Philippines Encountering Patients with Lung Oligometastatic Cancers.

This study aimed to examine the education and training needs of health care practitioners (HCPs) in the Philippines who encounter lung oligometastatic cancer patients. Lung oligometastatic disease is among the most common sites for cancer spread and has the most established practices for treating oligometastases. A modified version of the Hennessy-Hicks Training Needs Assessment Questionnaire was administered online to HCPs working in private and public centers in the Philippines.

Opinion & Special Articles: Beyond Pronouns-Educating Trainees on the Impact of Language on Gender Inclusivity in Neurologic Practice.

Language plays an important role in ensuring gender inclusivity within neurology. Despite progress in language inclusivity, such as the emergence of explicit pronouns, more remains to be done. Historically, sex and gender have been used interchangeably, but they are, in fact, distinct concepts.

Trends, characteristics, and circumstances surrounding stimulant toxicity deaths in Ontario, Canada from 2018 to 2021.

Introduction: As the drug toxicity crisis continues to evolve globally, harms related to non-opioid substances, including stimulants, have risen in parallel. Our study aims were to describe trends in accidental stimulant toxicity deaths and to characterize demographic characteristics of decedents and the circumstances surrounding death.

Methods: We conducted a population-based repeated cross-sectional study, of all accidental stimulant toxicity deaths between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2021, in Ontario, Canada.

Framework for developing self-actualization skills in young adults with autism.

Purpose: Young adults with autism spectrum disorder (YAASD) often lack the skills needed for successful adult living and subsequently develop lower quality of life and health in adulthood. Therefore, we developed a framework to support resilience and improve quality of life in YAASD, which will be used to develop a life-skills curriculum for YAASD.

Methods: We conducted a qualitative study of YAASD, parents of YAASD and service providers recruited from agencies that serve YAASD using Grounded Theory.

Factors associated with care-resistant behavior in the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Set.

Introduction: Little is known about the factors associated with care-resistant behavior in community-dwelling persons living with dementia.

Methods: Regression modeling was performed on 41,143 responses to a standardized questionnaire from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center's Uniform Data Set.

Results: In the fully adjusted mixed-effects regression model, collinearity was low, with no variance inflation factor above 1.

Just the Tip of the Iceberg: a Brief Report of the Tip-of-the-Tongue Score as an Embedded Validity Indicator for the Children's Auditory and Visual Naming Tests.

Objective: Explore the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) scores from the Children's Auditory and Visual Naming Tests (cANT, cVNT) as embedded validity indicators (EVIs).

Method: A retrospective design of 98 consecutively referred youth aged 6-15 years (M = 11.28, SD = 2.

Physician-Patient Communication about Novel Drugs and High-Risk Medical Devices.

Background: After a new drug or medical device is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), physician-patient communication about benefits and risks is critical, including whether the product was approved through an expedited pathway based on limited evidence. In addition, physician reporting of drug- and device-related adverse events in real-world use is necessary to have a complete safety profile. We studied physician-reported communication and safety-reporting practices related to drugs and devices.

"FBT Is for the Rich": A Qualitative Study Examining Clinicians' Experiences and Perceptions of Treatment Access and Engagement for Diverse Families in Family-Based Treatment.

Objective: Family-based treatment (FBT) is the leading evidence-based treatment for adolescent eating disorders, but research exploring access and engagement in FBT is sparse. This paper focuses on findings from a broader study, specifically addressing the social determinants of health (SDH) impeding access and engagement in FBT for diverse families (i.e.

Social participation in health - case studies from primary health care in Kosovo.

Background: Participation and inclusion of service users in health governance impact the quality of care and citizen well-being. In developing countries, such as Kosovo, disadvantaged groups are particularly important due to deep exclusionary structures and multiple systemic barriers to participation and care provision.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of three interventions on social participation in decision-making in several primary healthcare sites among the population and particularly vulnerable groups, i.

Representative Organ Doses from Computed Tomography (CT) Exams from a Large International Registry.

Estimation of absorbed organ doses used in computed tomography (CT) using time-intensive Monte Carlo simulations with virtual patient anatomic models is not widely reported in the literature. Using the library of computational phantoms developed by the University of Florida and the National Cancer Institute, we performed Monte Carlo simulations to calculate organ dose values for 9 CT categories representing the most common body regions and indications for imaging (reflecting low, routine, and high radiation dose examinations), stratified by patient age (in children) and effective diameter (in adults, using "diameter" as a measure of patient size). Our sample of 559,202 adult and 103,423 pediatric CT examinations was prospectively assembled between 2015-2020 from 156 imaging facilities from 27 healthcare organizations in 20 U.

Racial and Ethnic (In)equity in Development of Power Through Place-Based Initiatives.

: Place-based initiatives (PBIs) invest in a geographic area and often build community power to improve well-being. However, there can be differences in results for different groups within a community. : In six communities, we measured differences in "power to" by race/ethnicity at two points for the first phase of the PBI Healthy Places North Carolina (HPNC) using five indicators: (1) representation in network of actors collaborating to improve health, (2) leadership attributes, (3) perceived change in attributes due to HPNC, (4) network centrality, and (5) perceived change in network ties due to HPNC.

Patterns in California Ambulance Patient Offload Times by Local Emergency Medical Services Agency.

Importance: Ambulance offload delays are a timely and crucial issue with implications for patients, emergency medical services (EMS) agencies, hospitals, and communities. Published data on recent patterns in ambulance patient offload times (APOTs) are sparse.

Objective: To examine patterns in APOT by California local EMS agency and variation between and within local agencies.

Examining the interactive associations of cannabis and alcohol outlets with self-harm injuries in California: a spatiotemporal analysis.

Background: Cannabis use and alcohol use are associated with self-harm injuries, but little research has assessed links between recreational cannabis outlet openings on rates of self-harm within communities or the interactions of cannabis outlets with the density of alcohol outlets. We estimated the associations of recreational cannabis outlets, alcohol outlets, and their interaction on rates of fatal and nonfatal self-harm injuries in California, 2017-2019.

Methods: Using California statewide data on recreational cannabis outlets, alcohol outlets, and hospital discharges and deaths due to self-harm injuries, we conducted Bayesian spatiotemporal analyses of quarterly ZIP code-level data over 3 years, accounting for confounders and spatial autocorrelation.

Processes of obstetrical care and outcomes among Ontario physicians versus non-physicians: a population-based study.

Objective: We compared processes of antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum care and obstetrical outcomes between physicians and non-physicians.

Design: This is a population-based retrospective matched cohort study.

Setting: The study was conducted in Ontario, Canada.

Patient reactions to proactive tobacco cessation counseling using a decision aid in primary care: A qualitative study.

Medications for smoking cessation can double quit rates but are underused in primary care. This qualitative study aimed to explore: (1) patients' perspectives regarding having their general practitioner (GP) use a proactive approach to smoking cessation treatment using an encounter decision aid (DA), and (2) their expectations regarding their GP's role. We conducted qualitative semi-structured interviews with participants of the FIRST randomized trial (adults who smoke daily with any level of motivation for tobacco quitting).

Bayesian hierarchical network autocorrelation models for estimating direct and indirect effects of peer hospitals on outcomes of hospitalized patients.

Unlabelled: When an hypothesized peer effect (also termed social influence or contagion) is believed to act between units (e.g., hospitals) above the level at which data is observed (e.

Healthcare providers' experiences of maternity care service delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom: a follow-up systematic review and qualitative evidence synthesis.

Problem And Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, there was substantial reconfiguration of maternity care services, affecting both users and healthcare providers (HCPs), in the United Kingdom (UK) and globally.

Aim: To further our understanding of the impact of maternity service reconfigurations in the UK, from the perspective of maternity HCPs.

Methods: Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and the Cochrane COVID Study Register were searched for relevant studies reporting qualitative data from the UK, published in English between 01 June 2021 and 30 September 2023.