Underreporting of violence against women: an analysis of two data sources.

This article aims to estimate the underreporting of violence against women (VAW) in the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), based on data from the National Survey of Health (NSH), in Brazil and subnational units (SU). This work was an ecological study using SINAN and NSH, both from 2019. In SINAN, reports of sexual, physical, and psychological VAW, aged 18 years or older, were selected.

Leprosy in Brazil: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease estimates between 1990 and 2019.

Objective: To analyze the occurrence of leprosy in Brazil and its states between 1990 and 2019, according to Global Burden of Disease (GBD) estimates, and its correlation with development status.

Study Design: A descriptive and analytical ecological epidemiological study.

Methods: Rates of incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability (YLD) due to leprosy, standardized by age, per 100,000 inhabitants, were analyzed.

Effects of Vitamin D-3 Supplementation During Pregnancy and Lactation on Maternal and Infant Biomarkers of Environmental Enteric Dysfunction, Systemic Inflammation, and Growth: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Environmental enteric dysfunction (EED) is an acquired, subclinical state of intestinal inflammation common in children and adults in low-income and middle-income countries. Although vitamin D-3 supplementation has purported anti-inflammatory properties, its ability to ameliorate biomarkers of EED remains unclear.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the effects of maternal vitamin D-3 supplementation during pregnancy and lactation on biomarkers of EED, systemic inflammation, and growth in women living with HIV and their infants in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

Mortality due to cervical and breast cancer in health regions of Brazil: impact of public policies on cancer care.

Objective: This analysis assessed the association between regional income, screening coverage for cervical and breast cancer, and temporal trends in mortality from these cancers in different Brazilian health regions.

Study Design: Spatiotemporal ecological study across 450 health regions of Brazil.

Methods: Data from 2010 Demographic Census were used to assess income.

The Impact of Oral Microbiome Dysbiosis on the Aetiology, Pathogenesis, and Development of Oral Cancer.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer. Although the oral cavity is an easily accessible area for visual examination, the OSCC is more often detected at an advanced stage. The global prevalence of OSCC is around 6%, with increasing trends posing a significant health problem due to the increase in morbidity and mortality.

Resource shortage in public health facilities and private pharmacy practices in Odisha, India.

In low- and-middle-income countries (LMICs), private pharmacies play a crucial role in the supply of medicines and the provision of healthcare. However, they also engage in poor practices including the improper sale of medicines and caregiving beyond their legal scope. Addressing the deficiencies of private pharmacies can increase their potential contribution towards enhancing universal health coverage.

Do Non-Clinical Services Help to Improve Functional Outcomes Among Young Adults With Mental Disorders? A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Mental disorders during young adulthood can significantly impair functioning in daily activities. Non-clinical support services aim to improve functioning by helping people to build social and life skills, participate in education and employment and improve physical health. This study aims to examine and synthesise the evidence for non-clinical services on improving functional outcomes for young adults with mental disorders.

Financing health in sub-Saharan Africa 1990-2050: Donor dependence and expected domestic health spending.

In 2021, global life expectancy at birth was 74 years whereas in sub-Saharan Africa it was 66 years. Yet in that same year, $92 per person was spent on health in sub- Saharan Africa, which is roughly one fifth of what the next lowest geographic region-North Africa and Middle East-spent ($379). The challenges to healthy lives in sub-Saharan Africa are many while health spending remains low.

WENDY: Covariance dynamics based gene regulatory network inference.

Determining gene regulatory network (GRN) structure is a central problem in biology, with a variety of inference methods available for different types of data. For a widely prevalent and challenging use case, namely single-cell gene expression data measured after intervention at multiple time points with unknown joint distributions, there is only one known specifically developed method, which does not fully utilize the rich information contained in this data type. We develop an inference method for the GRN in this case, netWork infErence by covariaNce DYnamics, dubbed WENDY.

Performance evaluation of Mexico's health system at the national and subnational level, 1990-2019: an analysis of the Health Access and Quality Index.

Objectives: This study aimed to comprehensively evaluate Mexico's health system performance from 1990 to 2019 utilising the Health Access and Quality Index (HAQI) as a primary indicator.

Study Design: A retrospective ecological analysis was performed using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk Factors Study (GBD) study and the National Population Council (CONAPO).

Methods: HAQI values for 1990, 2000, 2010, 2015, and 2019 were examined for each state in Mexico and three age groups (young, working, and post-working).

Societal Costs of Dementia: 204 Countries, 2000-2019.

Background: Dementia prevalence is expected to increase as populations grow and age. Therefore, additional resources will be needed to meet the global demand for care for Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD).

Objective: Estimate global and country-level health care spending attributable to ADRD and the cost of informal care for people living with ADRD.

: From the Oral Cavity to the Heart Valves.

() is a Gram-negative bacterial species that is an essential component of the oral microbiota. Due to its aggregative properties, it plays a role in the pathogenesis of human diseases. The presence of the surface proteins Fim, Briae, and microvesicles enables the bacterium to adhere to the epithelial surface and the tooth's surface.

Assessing the impact of health-care access on the severity of low back pain by country: a case study within the GBD framework.

Background: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is key for policy making. Low back pain is the leading cause of disability in terms of years lived with disability (YLDs). Due to sparse data, a current limitation of GDB is that a uniform severity distribution is presumed based on 12-Item Short Form Health Survey scores derived from US Medical Expenditure Panel Surveys (MEPS).