1,697 results match your criteria: "Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation.[Affiliation]"

Small mammals and associated infections in China: a systematic review and spatial modelling analysis.

Lancet Reg Health West Pac

January 2025

State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, PR China.

Background: As natural reservoirs of diverse pathogens, small mammals are considered a key interface for guarding public health due to their wide geographic distribution, high density and frequent interaction with humans.

Methods: All formally recorded natural occurrences of small mammals (Order: Rodentia, Eulipotyphla, Lagomorpha, and Scandentia) and their associated microbial infections in China were searched in the English and Chinese literature spanning from 1950 to 2021 and geolocated. Machine learning models were applied to determine ecological drivers for the distributions of 45 major small mammal species and two common rodent-borne diseases (RBDs), and model-predicted potential risk locations were mapped.

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National analysis of health-related social needs among adult injury survivors.

J Trauma Acute Care Surg

January 2025

From the Department of Surgery (A.H.H., N.M.C., B.T.S.), Division of Trauma, Burn, and Critical Care Surgery, Department of Surgery (E.B., D.N., B.T.S., A.M., E.M.B., J.W.S.), and Department of Health Metrics Sciences (J.L.D., J.W.S.), Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington; Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (D.Z.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington.

Background: Despite advances in trauma care, the effects of social determinants of health continue to be a barrier to optimal health outcomes. Health-related social needs (HRSNs), now the basis of a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services national screening program, may contribute to poor health outcomes, inequities, and low-value care, but the impact of HRSNs among injured patients remains poorly understood at the national level.

Methods: Using data from the nationally representative 2021 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, injured patients were matched with uninjured controls via coarsened exact matching on age and sex.

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Inter-city movement pattern of notifiable infectious diseases in China: a social network analysis.

Lancet Reg Health West Pac

January 2025

State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing, PR China.

Background: Co-existence of efficient transportation networks and geographic imbalance of medical resources greatly facilitated inter-city migration of patients of infectious diseases in China.

Methods: To characterize the migration patterns of major notifiable infectious diseases (NIDs) during 2016-2020 in China, we collected migratory cases, who had illness onset in one city but were diagnosed and reported in another, from the National Notifiable Infectious Disease Reporting System, and conducted a nationwide network analysis of migratory cases of major NIDs at the city (prefecture) level.

Findings: In total, 2,674,892 migratory cases of NIDs were reported in China during 2016-2020.

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Background: The mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is an anthropometric screening tool used to assess the nutritional status of individuals, offering a practical and feasible option in low-resource settings. However, the potential of MUAC as a screening tool for identifying thinness among adolescents remains underexplored.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of MUAC in identifying all forms of thinness among adolescent girls enrolled in selected schools in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

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Age- and sex-disaggregated disease burden among the older persons in India.

BMC Geriatr

December 2024

Public Health Foundation of India, House No. 60, 4th Floor, Lane 2, Part of Saidulajab Extension, Near Saket Metro Station Gate No. 2, New Delhi, India.

Background: In the context of the increasing number and proportion of population aged 60 years or more in India, it is imperative to understand their health needs for ensuring healthy ageing.

Methods: Using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019, we identified the top ten causes of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLLs), and years lived with disability (YLDs) disaggregated by sex and age groups (60-64 years, 65-69 years, 70-74 years, 75-79 years, and ≥ 80 years) for India in 2019. We analysed the proportional contribution of individual causes to the total DALYs due to communicable diseases (CMNNDs), non-communicable diseases (NCDs), and injuries disaggregated by age and sex.

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The global distribution and diversity of wild-bird-associated pathogens: An integrated data analysis and modeling study.

Med

December 2024

State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China; School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, P.R. China. Electronic address:

Background: Wild birds are significant vectors in global pathogen transmission, but the diversity and spatial distribution of the pathogens detected in them remain unclear. Understanding the transmission dynamics and hotspots of wild-bird-associated pathogens (WBAPs) is crucial for early disease prevention.

Methods: We compiled an up-to-date dataset encompassing all WBAPs by conducting an extensive search of publications from 1959 to 2022, mapped their diversity and global distribution, and utilized three machine learning algorithms to predict geospatial hotspots where zoonotic and emerging WBAPs were prevalent.

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Article Synopsis
  • Opioid overdose deaths have significantly increased in the U.S. from 2012 to 2022, with a large number of individuals having past involvement with the criminal justice system, highlighting a critical need for effective treatment options like Medications for Opioid Use Disorder (MOUD).
  • WA State has made efforts to improve access to MOUD, particularly for those incarcerated, as they experience high overdose risk upon release, yet there's a lack of strategies to connect jail-based MOUD services with community resources.
  • The SAIA-MOUD study aims to enhance MOUD care across jail and community clinics in King County, WA, through a structured implementation approach, ultimately seeking to reduce relapse and death rates among former inmates.
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Article Synopsis
  • The study analyzed the impact of alcohol control policies on health outcomes related to alcohol in Nordic countries from 1990 to 2019.
  • More restrictive alcohol policies were generally linked to lower levels of alcohol-attributed harm, especially in Sweden and Norway, while Denmark, with the least restrictive policies, had higher harm levels.
  • Findings suggest that while stricter policies can reduce alcohol-related disease burdens, other factors like sex and specific locations also play crucial roles, indicating that policy effectiveness is context-dependent.
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Reversing the decline of health in the USA: a call to action.

Lancet

December 2024

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

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Article Synopsis
  • The text discusses the importance of forecasting future health issues in the USA for effective planning and public awareness regarding disease and injury burdens.
  • It describes the methodology for predicting life expectancy, cause-specific mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) from 2022 to 2050 using the Global Burden of Diseases framework.
  • The forecasting includes various scenarios to assess the potential impacts of health risks and improvements across the country, focusing on demographic trends and health-related risk factors.
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Background: Online child sexual victimization is increasingly facilitated by technology, but evidence of its prevalence and characteristics remains scarce. Reliable population-based data is critical to understand the magnitude and nature of the problem, and inform evidence-based prevention.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of nonconsensual sharing of sexual images of the child by any perpetrator, and of online sexual solicitation by any adult perpetrator; and to determine the characteristics of these experiences.

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Background: Little population-based evidence exists about prevalence of lifetime disclosure and non-disclosure of child sexual abuse (CSA). Evidence is lacking about disclosure by girls and women compared with boys and men, and gender diverse individuals. It is unclear if disclosure is more common in contemporary society, and if disclosure is influenced by abuse severity and perpetrator type.

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Background: Migrant women who are pregnant or postpartum and their infants are often at increased risk of poorer perinatal outcomes compared to host country populations. This review aimed to identify public health, policy, and clinical interventions to improve maternity care for migrant women and their infants in high-income countries (HICs).

Methods: In this systematic review we searched EMBASE, EMCARE, MEDLINE and PsycINFO, CENTRAL, Scopus, CINAHL Plus, Web of Science, and grey literature from inception to 13th March 2024, with no language or date restrictions (PROSPERO: CRD42022380678).

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Objectives: Yellow fever (YF) remains a public health threat in Sub-Saharan Africa and South America, with an estimated 200,000 cases and 30,000 deaths annually. Although the World Health Organization considers Tanzania to be at low risk for YF because no YF cases have been reported, the country remains at alert to importation of the virus due to ecological factors and high connectivity to high-risk YF areas in other countries. This study aimed to identify points of interest with connectivity to high-risk YF areas to guide preparedness efforts in Tanzania.

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Background: Implementation studies indicate that the addition of tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment services into the community health extension workers' tasks-that is 'task-shifting'-improved case detection and treatment outcomes in Ethiopia. Given resource and operational constraints, only a limited number of areas can be targeted by an expanded task-shifting program. Therefore, we mapped the distributional disparities in tuberculosis services across regions and districts and modelled the equity pathways towards optimising national scale-up of this task-shifting intervention in Ethiopia.

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Background: Aging, urbanization, and lifestyle changes have fueled the non-communicable diseases (NCDs) epidemic.

Objective: Assess mortality, disability, risk factors and life expectancy in people aged ≥60 years (LE-60) in Mexico from 1990-2022 using estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries and Risk factors study.

Material And Methods: Health loss/gain in terms of disability-adjusted life years, risk factors, LE-60 and healthy life expectancy (HALE-60) by sex and state were analyzed.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study explores the socio-cultural experiences of women in Bihar, India, following stillbirth and neonatal death, based on interviews with a representative sample of 7,270 births from July 2020 to June 2021.
  • - Out of those interviewed, many women reported receiving emotional support from their spouses, but a significant portion also faced negative experiences, such as insensitive comments or blame from family members, particularly mothers-in-law.
  • - The findings highlight the need for better support systems for women experiencing these losses, as a substantial number were encouraged to forget about their babies instead of receiving appropriate coping mechanisms.
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Ten Americas: a systematic analysis of life expectancy disparities in the USA.

Lancet

December 2024

Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Electronic address:

Background: Nearly two decades ago, the Eight Americas study offered a novel lens for examining health inequities in the USA by partitioning the US population into eight groups based on geography, race, urbanicity, income per capita, and homicide rate. That study found gaps of 12·8 years for females and 15·4 years for males in life expectancy in 2001 across these eight groups. In this study, we aimed to update and expand the original Eight Americas study, examining trends in life expectancy from 2000 to 2021 for ten Americas (analogues to the original eight, plus two additional groups comprising the US Latino population), by year, sex, and age group.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study aims to analyze the geographic disparities in access to maternal health services in India, focusing on targets set by the Every Newborn Action Plan (ENAP) 2025.
  • - Data from the National Family Health Surveys (NFHS-4 and NFHS-5) reveal that while there have been increases in various maternal health services, significant inequality remains, especially in access to 4+ antenatal care visits.
  • - Overall, the Human Opportunity Index (HOI) indicates that although certain areas of maternal health services have improved, there are still notable gaps in coverage across different states and wealth quintiles, underscoring the need for targeted interventions.
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Service coverage for major depressive disorder: estimated rates of minimally adequate treatment for 204 countries and territories in 2021.

Lancet Psychiatry

December 2024

Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, School of Public Health, Herston, QLD, Australia; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Background: Access to effective treatment for major depressive disorder remains limited and difficult to track across place and time. We analysed the available data on minimally adequate treatment (MAT) for major depressive disorder globally with the aim of providing a useful metric against which to monitor national responses to the growing public health burden imposed by major depressive disorder.

Methods: MAT was defined as pharmacotherapy (1 month of medication, plus four visits to a medical doctor) or psychotherapy (eight visits with any professional).

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Stakeholders' perceptions of personal health data sharing: A scoping review.

PLOS Digit Health

November 2024

The Vaccine Confidence Project, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom.

The rapid advancement of digital health technologies has heightened demand for health data for secondary uses, highlighting the importance of understanding global perspectives on personal information sharing. This article examines stakeholder perceptions and attitudes toward the use of personal health data to improve personalized treatments, interventions, and research. It also identifies barriers and facilitators in health data sharing and pinpoints gaps in current research, aiming to inform ethical practices in healthcare settings that utilize digital technologies.

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Strengthening resilient and sustainable systems for health (RSSH) is central to the Global Fund's strategy, however questions persist about the Global Fund's role in the health systems strengthening space, and the extent to which investments are designed to achieve strengthening objectives, or just fill in gaps in the system. This paper reports on findings from the Prospective Country Evaluations (PCE), a multi-country multi-year evaluation of Global Fund support. We adapted a framework from Chee et al.

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Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, essential health services experienced significant disruptions, impacting preventive and chronic care across the world.

Methods: Utilizing the Pandemic Recovery Survey (PRS), conducted online with Facebook's Active User Base across 21 countries between March and May 2023, this cross-sectional study identifies the magnitude of and key factors associated with unmet preventive and chronic care needs during the late stage of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Results: Approximately 28.

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