The burden of Noncommunicable Diseases in Portuguese Language Countries.

The present study analyzed trends in premature mortality from Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) between 1990 and 2019, the projections up to 2030, and the risk factors (RFs) attributable to these diseases in the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP). Estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study and the analysis of the burden of premature mortality due to NCDs were used for nine CPLP countries, applying age-standardized rates, using RStudio. Portugal, Brazil, Equatorial Guinea, Angola, and Guinea Bissau showed declining premature mortality rates caused by NCDs, while East Timor, Cape Verde, São Tomé and Príncipe, and Mozambique showed an increase in rates.

Mortality patterns in municipalities of a mining region before the Brumadinho dam failure, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Objective: To describe the patterns of overall mortality and mortality from external causes and the temporal evolution in the municipalities of the Paraopeba River Basin, before the socio-environmental disaster of the Brumadinho dam and, additionally, to investigate the correlation between mortality and socioeconomic deprivation in these municipalities.

Methods: Global Burden of Disease Study mortality estimates for 26 municipalities in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, were analyzed. Rates of overall mortality and mortality from external causes were estimated in the triennia (T) T1 (2000 to 2002), T2 (2009 to 2011), and T3 (2016 to 2018).

Factors associated with delays in the search for care in under-5 deaths in Yucatán, Mexico.

Objective: We examined delays during the search for care and associations with mother, child, or health services characteristics, and with symptoms reported prior to death.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional study compris-ing household interviews with 252 caregivers of children under-5 who died in the state of Yucatán, Mexico, during 2015-2016. We evaluated the three main delays: 1) time to identify symptoms and start search for care, 2) transport time to health facility, and 3) wait time at health facility.

Life expectancy, death, and disability in Haiti, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017.

Objective: To investigate the magnitude and distribution of the main causes of death, disability, and risk factors in Haiti.

Methods: We conducted an ecological analysis, using data estimated from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 for the period 1990-2017, to present life expectancy (LE), healthy life expectancy (HALE) at under 1-year-old, cause-specific deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), disability adjusted life-years (DALYs), and risk factors associated with DALYs.

Results: LE and HALE increased substantially in Haiti.

Quality of cause-of-death data in Brazil: Garbage codes among registered deaths in 2000 and 2015.

Introduction: reliability of mortality data is essential for health assessment and planning. In Brazil, a high proportion of deaths is attributed to causes that should not be considered as underlying causes of deaths, named garbage codes (GC). To tackle this issue, in 2005, the Brazilian Ministry of Health (MoH) implements the investigation of GC-R codes (codes from chapter 18 "Symptoms, signs and abnormal clinical and laboratory findings, not elsewhere classified, ICD-10") to improve the quality of cause-of-death data.

Burden of ischemic heart disease mortality attributable to physical inactivity in Brazil.

Objective: To analyze if the burden of ischemic heart disease mortality trend attributed to physical inactivity in Brazil differs from the global estimates.

Methods: Databases from the Global Burden of Disease Study for Brazil, Brazilian states, and global information were used. We estimated the summary exposure value for physical inactivity, the total number of deaths, and the age-standardized death rates for ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity in the years 1990 and 2015, and the population-attributable fraction.

Risk factors related to the global burden of disease in Brazil and its Federated Units, 2015.

Objective:: To analyze the global burden of disease related to disability adjusted life years (DALYs) attributed to selected risk factors in Brazil and its 27 Federated Units.

Methods:: Databases from the Global Burden of Disease study in Brazil and its Federated Units were used, estimating the summary exposure value (SEV) for selected environmental, behavioral, and metabolic risk factors (RFs), and their combinations. The DALYs were used as the main metric.

The Burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders in Brazil: Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990 and 2015.

Introduction:: Mental and substance use disorders (MD) are highly prevalent and have a high social and economic cost.

Objective:: To describe the burden of disease attributable to mental and substance use disorders in Brazil and Federated Units in 1990 and 2015.

Methods:: Descriptive study of the burden of mental and substance use disorders, using age-standardized estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015: years of life lost due to premature mortality (YLL); years lived with disability (YLD); and disability-adjusted life year (DALY=YLL+YLD).

Road traffic accidents: Global Burden of Disease study, Brazil and federated units, 1990 and 2015.

Objective:: To describe the global burden of disease due to road traffic accidents in Brazil and federated units in 1990 and 2015.

Methods:: This is an analysis of secondary data from the 2015 Global Burden of Disease study estimates. The following estimates were used: standardized mortality rates and years of life lost by death or disability, potential years of life lost due to premature death, and years of unhealthy living conditions.

Mortality and years of life lost by interpersonal violence and self-harm: in Brazil and Brazilian states: analysis of the estimates of the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990 and 2015.

Objective:: To analyze mortality and years of life lost due to death or disability (disability-adjusted life years - DALYs) for interpersonal violence and self-harm, comparing 1990 and 2015, in Brazil and Federated Units, using estimates produced by the Global Burden of Disease 2015 (GBD 2015).

Methods:: Secondary data analysis of estimates from the GBD 2015, producing standardized death rates and years of life lost due to death or disability. The main source of death data was the Mortality Information System, submitted to correction of underreporting of deaths and redistribution of garbage codes.

Magnitude and variation of the burden of cancer mortality in Brazil and Federation Units, 1990 and 2015.

Objective:: To analyze the mortality rates from malignant neoplasia in Brazil and Federal Units (FU) in the years 1990 and 2015, according to sex and main types of cancer.

Methods:: Using estimates of global disease burden for Brazil made by the GBD 2015 study, age-adjusted cancer mortality rates and respective 95% uncertainty intervals were calculated for Brazil and FU in 1990 and 2015, as well as their percentage variation in the period. The main causes of cancer mortality by sex were analyzed, considering the five highest rates in the country and for each state.

Mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and disorders attributed to alcohol use: Global Burden of Disease in Brazil, 1990 and 2015.

Introduction:: Alcohol use is one of the main preventable risk factors affecting mortality and premature disability.

Objective:: To describe the estimates of mortality and years of life lost as a result of premature death (YLL) due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and disorders attributed to alcohol use in Brazil and its federated units in 1990 and 2015.

Methods:: Descriptive study using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (2015) and the Mortality Information System (SIM).