Association of cigarette production and tobacco retailer density on secondhand smoke exposure in urban China.

Unlabelled: The primary aims of this study are to examine the associations between two key environmental factors-regional cigarette tobacco production and tobacco retail outlet density-and secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in urban China and to explore the possible mechanisms that explain this association.

Methods: A cross-sectional multistage sampling design was used to collect individual information in 21 cities in China. Environmental variables were retrieved from national databases.

Machine-assessed tar yield marketing on cigarette packages from two cities in South Korea.

Introduction: South Koreans continue to smoke at high rates. Tobacco manufacturers have a history of branding cigarettes with misleading descriptors including the introduction of low or ultra-low tar brand variants. The government bans traditional misleading descriptors (low, mild) but requires the presence of machine-assessed tar yields on cigarette packages.

Association between e-cigarette use and parents' report of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among US youth.

Introduction: There is paucity of literature that evaluates e-cigarette use rates among the youth with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The aim of this study is to compare the rates of cigarette only, e-cigarette only, dual use, and initiation age of regular use and trying to quit cigarettes or e-cigarettes among the youth with and without ADHD.

Methods: We used Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study Wave 3 (2015-2016) youth data, a nationally representative cross-sectional study in the US.

Association of cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery systems use with internalizing and externalizing problems among US adults: Findings from wave 3 (2015-2016) of the PATH study.

Aims: Electronic Nicotine Delivery System (ENDS) use is increasing among US adults. While existing research has demonstrated higher cigarette smoking rates among people with mental health conditions, there is sparse information on the association between ENDS use and mental health such as internalizing and externalizing problems. The aim of this study was to evaluate associations between internalizing and externalizing problems for cigarette only, ENDS only, and dual users, as well as changes in mental health among those groups.

The battle to increase tobacco taxes: Lessons from Philippines and Ukraine.

Introduction: While increasing taxes on tobacco is one of the most effective tobacco control measures, its adoption has been slow compared to other tobacco control policies. Given this, there is an urgent need to better understand the political and economic dynamics that lead to its adoption despite immense tobacco industry opposition. The primary aim of this study is to explore the process, actors, and determinants that helped lead to the successful passage of the 2012 Sin Tax Reform Law in the Philippines and the 2017 seven-year plan for tobacco tax increases in Ukraine.

The Flavor Train: The Nature and Extent of Flavored Cigarettes in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Introduction: Flavors and depictions of flavors are attractive and facilitate initiation and use of tobacco products. However, little is known about the types of flavored products on the market, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We describe the nature and extent of flavored cigarettes sold in nine low- and middle-income countries from four of the six World Health Organization (WHO) regions.

The youth e-cigarette epidemic: New estimates of JUUL Labs' revenue from youth users in the US.

Introduction: Past 30-day e-cigarette use increased by 78% among high school students from 2017 to 2018, an increase attributable to pod-style devices. JUUL Labs (JUUL) insists they do not market their product to teenagers. We created several scenarios to estimate the percentages of JUUL's net revenue from adults and youth in the US in 2018.

'Menthol-Plus': a major category of cigarette found among 'concept' descriptor cigarettes from Mexico.

Background: Tobacco companies are offering cigarettes with 'concept' descriptor names that suggest sensation and/or flavour properties (eg, Marlboro 'Velvet Fusion'). Little has been known about the identities and levels of flavour chemicals in such cigarettes.

Methods: Thirty-three filter cigarette variants from 27 packs (including two sampler packs with four variations each) from Canada and Mexico were analysed (rod + filter) for 177 flavour chemicals plus triacetin, a filter plasticiser and possible flavourant.

Impact of cigarette package warnings on attitudes towards sharing and gifting cigarettes in China: a nationwide study of smokers and non-smokers.

Background: Sharing and gifting cigarettes are common in China. These social practices promote cigarette consumption, and consequently may reduce quit rates in China. This study investigated sharing and gifting cigarettes, and the relationship of observing pictorial health warnings to attitudes towards sharing and gifting cigarettes in China.

How Internet Contracts Impact Research: Content Analysis of Terms of Service on Consumer Product Websites.

Background: Companies use brand websites as a promotional tool to engage consumers on the web, which can increase product use. Given that some products are harmful to the health of consumers, it is important for marketing associated with these products to be subject to public health surveillance. However, terms of service (TOS) governing the use of brand website content may impede such important research.

Cross-validation of four different survey methods used to estimate illicit cigarette consumption in Brazil.

Objective: To cross-validate estimates of the size of the illicit cigarette trade based on the results of four different survey methods.

Methods: In 2018/2019, four non-industry-funded, large-scale studies were conducted in selected Brazilian cities: packs discarded in household garbage/PDG (1 city), packs littered in the streets/PLS (5 cities), a phone survey of tobacco users' purchase behaviors/VIGITEL (5 cities), and a face-to-face household survey of tobacco users' purchase behaviors/FTF-household (2 cities). The proportions of illicit cigarettes consumed were based on the price paid by smokers in their last purchase (VIGITEL or FTF-household) and/or direct observation of brand names and health warnings (PDG, PLS or FTF-household).

A comparison of product dependence among cigarette only, ENDS only, and dual users: Findings from Wave 3 (2015-2016) of the PATH study.

Introduction: Little is known about differences in tobacco product dependence among people who use two tobacco products versus one. Self-reported product dependence among individuals using cigarettes only, electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) only, and both cigarettes and ENDS (dual users) was compared.

Method: PATH Wave 3 data were collected between 2015 and 2016.

News coverage of the E-cigarette, or Vaping, product use Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) outbreak and internet searches for vaping cessation.

Background: In the latter half of 2019, an outbreak of pulmonary disease in the USA resulted in 2807 hospitalisations and 68 deaths, as of 18 February 2020. Given the severity of the outbreak, we assessed whether articles during the outbreak era more frequently warned about the dangers of vaping and whether internet searches for vaping cessation increased.

Methods: Using Tobacco Watcher, a media monitoring platform that automatically identifies and categorises news articles from sources across the globe, we obtained all articles that (a) discussed the outbreak and (b) primarily warned about the dangers of vaping.

Assessing Young Adults' ENDS Use via Ecological Momentary Assessment and a Smart Bluetooth Enabled ENDS Device.

Introduction: The assessment of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) use poses unique challenges that go beyond established assessment methods for tobacco cigarettes. Recent studies have proposed using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), a method to collect self-reported data on mobile devices, or data passively collected by "smart" Bluetooth enabled ENDS to assess use. The current study sought to compare ENDS use data using EMA and puff counts collected from a smart device.

New tobacco products, old advertising strategies: point-of-sale advertising in Guatemala.

Objective: Capsule cigarettes, electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) and heated tobacco products (HTPs) are now readily available in Guatemala. As in most countries, the point-of-sale (POS) remains an important marketing channel for the tobacco industry. Therefore, we sought to characterise the POS marketing of these products in the two largest cities in Guatemala.

Social capital and peer influence of tobacco consumption: a cross-sectional study among household heads in rural Uttar Pradesh, India.

Objective: Having the world's second-largest tobacco-consuming population, tobacco control is a priority agenda of the Indian Government. Yet, there is no evidence of how peer influence and nature of social relationships-defined as social capital-affect tobacco use. This study aimed to explore the role of social capital and peer influence on tobacco consumption among household heads in rural Uttar Pradesh (UP), India.

Cigarette Packs With URLs Leading to Tobacco Company Websites: Content Analysis.

Background: Tobacco companies include on the packaging of their products URLs directing consumers to websites that contain protobacco messages. Online media tend to be underregulated and provide the industry with an opportunity to present users with protobacco communication.

Objective: The objective of our study was to document the content of websites that were advertised on tobacco packs in 14 low- and middle-income countries.

Smoke and Scan: A Content Analysis of QR Code-Directed Websites Found on Cigarette Packs in China.

Introduction: Quick Response codes, or "QR" codes, are used widely in China-for mobile payment, marketing, public transportation, and various other applications. In this study, we examined the content of websites linked from QR codes on cigarette packs collected in China.

Aims And Methods: In February 2017, 738 unique cigarette packs were collected from five Chinese cities (Beijing, Guangzhou, Shanghai, Kunming, and Chengdu) using a systematic protocol.