Influence of a moderate exercise training on natural killer cytotoxicity and personality traits in cancer patients.

We have investigated the influence of exercise training on natural killer cells and psychological behaviour in cancer patients. 24 women with carcinomas of the breast performed a moderate training program two to three times a week for seven months. At the beginning, after five weeks and at the end of the study we analyzed the amount and the activity of natural killer cells (CD 56) under resting conditions.

Role of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Cytokine Stimulation of Macrophages in Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity (ADCC).

In addition to the spectrum of biological action already known to be exhibited by acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory and platelet aggregation inhibitor, there is growing evidence of a stimulatory effect on the immune system. ASA has been found to increase the production ofcytokines and to increase the activity of various leukocytes. The action of ASA on the activity of mouse peritoneal macrophages was therefore investigated in the present study.

Influence of acetylsalicylic acid on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of peritoneal macrophages.

Very recent evidence indicates that, in addition to its already known analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and platelet-aggregation-inhibiting properties, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) exerts a positive influence on the immune system. Therefore, its action on murine peritoneal macrophages was investigated in the present study. Various ASA concentrations (50-200 micrograms/ml) failed to have any stimulating or inhibiting effect on antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and on the binding capacity of macrophages from various levels of activation against SW 707 tumor cells.

Skeletal muscle damage during tourniquet-induced ischaemia. The initial step towards atrophy after orthopaedic surgery?

Muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle of patients who had undergone anterior cruciate ligament surgery under conditions of tourniquet-induced ischaemia were examined under the electron microscope at different periods of time up to 90 min of ischaemia. The severity of the alterations in ultrastructure appeared to depend on the period of ischaemia. The pathological changes consisted of accumulation of lysosomes, persistent intrafibre oedema, and some extracellular oedema.

Physical exercise may improve macrophage phagocytic activity of tumor bearing mice.

The influence of an endurance training on the phagocytic activity of macrophages from tumor bearing mice was studied. Female NMRI mice were trained on a treadmill. The training period differed from 3 to 6 weeks for different experimental groups and was performed either before or after tumor inoculation, or both.

Exercise, muscle damage and fatigue.

Fatigue as a functional sign and muscle damage as a structural sign can be observed after prolonged exercise like marathon running or after strenuous exercise, especially with the involvement of eccentric contractions. For fatigue due to prolonged exercise, hypoxic conditions and the formation of free oxygen radicals seem to be of aetiological importance, resulting in an elevated lysosomal activity. Eccentric exercise of high intensity rather results in a mechanical stress to the fibres.

Muscular atrophy following immobilisation. A review.

Muscular atrophy regularly occurs as a consequence of immobilisation or disuse after sports injuries. Several experimental models deal with muscle atrophy and are suitable for investigations of the underlying mechanisms of muscle atrophy. Strength loss is the most evident response to atrophy.

Cytokine stimulation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) enhances cytolytic but not binding capacity of peritoneal macrophages.

Macrophages in varying states of activation differ in their ability to perform antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). To define further the activation requirements for macrophages to perform cytolytic functions, we stimulated peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages, which exhibit only a low level of ADCC, with a panel of cytokines and then assayed for the macrophages capacity to effect the rapid and slow forms of ADCC, to bind antibody-coated tumor cells, and to secrete H2O2 in response to immune complex or PMA. All four cytokine preparations, at optimal conditions, enhanced both forms of ADCC, but did not appreciably increase tumor cell binding.

Potentiation of cytostatic but not cytolytic activity of murine macrophages after running stress.

The influence of physical exercise on the tumortoxicity of peritoneal murine macrophages (PMM) was investigated. The tumortoxic activity was discriminated into cytostatic and cytolytic effects. Cytostatic activity of PMM on tumor cells in vitro was studied using the proliferation assay of S-180 sarcoma cells.

Satellite cell activation in human skeletal muscle after training: evidence for muscle fiber neoformation.

In subjects who had undergone monopedal bicycle ergometer work for 30 min 4 days a week for 6 weeks under aerobic conditions, biopsies from the M. vastus lateralis were studied in the light and electron microscope. In some cases very small myofibers with central nuclei were found.

The influence of physical exercise on peritoneal macrophage functions: histochemical and phagocytic studies.

Peritoneal murine macrophages were assayed for their enzyme content and phagocytic activity after physical exercise. An endurance training as well as a single exhaustive exercise bout caused increased enzyme and phagocytic activities. However, a homogeneous activation could not be observed.