Mapping lock-ins and enabling environments for agri-food sustainability transitions in Europe.

Unlabelled: European agri-food systems must overcome structural lock-ins to achieve more sustainable modes of production and consumption. Yet European regions are highly diverse, and we lack understanding of how different regional characteristics may enable or inhibit sustainability transitions. This hinders the development of context-tailored governance strategies.

Dynamic shifts of functional diversity through climate-resilient strategies and farmland restoration in a mountain protected area.

Land-use land-cover (LULC) change contributes to major ecological impacts, particularly in areas undergoing land abandonment, inducing modifications on habitat structure and species distributions. Alternative land-use policies are potential solutions to alleviate the negative impacts of contemporary tendencies of LULC change on biodiversity. This work analyzes these tendencies in the Montesinho Natural Park (Portugal), an area representative of European abandoned mountain rural areas.

Non-target liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry screening to prioritize unregulated micropollutants that persist through domestic wastewater treatment.

Efforts to regulate and monitor emerging contaminants are insufficient because new chemicals are continually brought to market, and many are unregulated and potentially harmful. Domestic wastewater treatment plants are not designed to remove micropollutants and are important sources of emerging contaminants in the aquatic environment. In this study, non-target screening, an unbiased method for analyzing compounds without prior information, was used to identify compounds that may be emitted in wastewater treatment plant effluent and should be monitored.

Clothing color effect as a target of the smallest scale climate change adaptation.

The purpose of this study is to understand a physical mechanism to determine the surface temperature of clothes in calm and fine conditions of outdoors. We observed surface temperatures of polo shirts of the same material and design but different colors. The shirts were placed in unshaded and well-ventilated outdoor, open spaces on sunny summer days.

Multinational evaluation of genetic diversity indicators for the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.

Under the recently adopted Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, 196 Parties committed to reporting the status of genetic diversity for all species. To facilitate reporting, three genetic diversity indicators were developed, two of which focus on processes contributing to genetic diversity conservation: maintaining genetically distinct populations and ensuring populations are large enough to maintain genetic diversity. The major advantage of these indicators is that they can be estimated with or without DNA-based data.

Halophilic archaea as tools for bioremediation technologies.

Haloarchaea are extremophilic microorganisms belonging to the Archaea domain that require high salt concentrations to be alive, thus inhabiting ecosystems like salty ponds, salty marshes, or extremely salty lagoons. They are more abundantly and widely distributed worldwide than initially expected. Most of them are grouped into two families: Halobacteriaceae and Haloferacaceae.

Simple prerequisite of presequence for mitochondrial protein import in the unicellular red alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae.

Mitochondrial biogenesis relies on hundreds of proteins that are derived from genes encoded in the nucleus. According to the characteristic properties of N-terminal targeting peptides (TPs) and multi-step authentication by the protein translocase called the TOM complex, nascent polypeptides satisfying the requirements are imported into mitochondria. However, it is unknown whether eukaryotic cells with a single mitochondrion per cell have a similar complexity of presequence requirements for mitochondrial protein import compared to other eukaryotes with multiple mitochondria.

Nudging against consent is effective but lowers welfare.

Behavioural nudges are often criticised because they "work best in the dark". However, recent experimental evidence suggests that the effectiveness of nudges is not reduced when they are delivered transparently. Most people also endorse transparent nudges.

Accelerated farmland bird population declines in European countries after their recent EU accession.

Agricultural intensification is a major driver of global biodiversity loss. In Europe, intensification progressed over the 20th century and was accelerated by instruments of the EU's Common Agricultural Policy. Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries standing outside the EU until the beginning of the 21st century employed less intensive farming and are considered one of the continent's farmland biodiversity strongholds.

Resources time footprint indicator extension for evaluating human interventions in provisioning ecosystem services supply.

The growing emphasis on ecosystem services (ES) has enhanced evaluation of their capacity. However, intensive human intervention in the provisioning ecosystem service (P-ES) supply driven by widening spatial gaps between supply sources and demand locations, compromises the long-term ES supply potential. The Resources Time Footprint (RTF) indicator provides numerical insights into these impacts in the form of occupancy rates by comparing resource utilization to allocated capacities over a person's lifespan.

Exploring agricultural landscape change from the second half of the twentieth century onwards: combining aerial imagery with farmer perspectives.

Context: Anthropogenic landscape change is an important driver shaping our environment. Historical landscape analysis contributes to the monitoring and understanding of these change processes. Such analyses are often focused on specific spatial scales and single research methods, thus covering only limited aspects of landscape change.

Challenges in moving towards fog's contribution to spatial patterns of atmospheric deposition fluxes on a national scale.

Fog is an important environmental phenomenon affecting, among other things, geochemical cycles via atmospheric deposition pathways. It is generally accepted that fog contributes substantially to atmospheric deposition fluxes especially in mountain forests. Nevertheless, due to intrinsic constraints, fog pathway has thus far been neglected in the quantification of atmospheric deposition and fog pathway has not been accounted for in nation-wide spatial patterns of atmospheric deposition of air pollutants.

Bomb radiocarbon evidence for strong global carbon uptake and turnover in terrestrial vegetation.

Vegetation and soils are taking up approximately 30% of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions because of small imbalances in large gross carbon exchanges from productivity and turnover that are poorly constrained. We combined a new budget of radiocarbon produced by nuclear bomb testing in the 1960s with model simulations to evaluate carbon cycling in terrestrial vegetation. We found that most state-of-the-art vegetation models used in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project underestimated the radiocarbon accumulation in vegetation biomass.

Ocean circulation contributes to genetic connectivity of limpet populations at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in a back-arc basin.

For endemic benthos inhabiting hydrothermal vent fields, larval recruitment is critical for population maintenance and colonization via migration among separated sites. The vent-endemic limpet, , is abundant at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Okinawa Trough, a back-arc basin in the northwestern Pacific; nonetheless, it is endangered due to deep-sea mining. This species is associated with many other vent species and is an important successor in these vent ecosystems.

Conceptualizing soil fauna effects on labile and stabilized soil organic matter.

Fauna is highly abundant and diverse in soils worldwide, but surprisingly little is known about how it affects soil organic matter stabilization. Here, we review how the ecological strategies of a multitude of soil faunal taxa can affect the formation and persistence of labile (particulate organic matter, POM) and stabilized soil organic matter (mineral-associated organic matter, MAOM). We propose three major mechanisms - transformation, translocation, and grazing on microorganisms - by which soil fauna alters factors deemed essential in the formation of POM and MAOM, including the quantity and decomposability of organic matter, soil mineralogy, and the abundance, location, and composition of the microbial community.

Principles for area-based biodiversity conservation.

Recent international agreements have strengthened and expanded commitments to protect and restore native habitats for biodiversity protection ("area-based biodiversity conservation"). Nevertheless, biodiversity conservation is hindered because how such commitments should be implemented has been strongly debated, which can lead to suboptimal habitat protection decisions. We argue that, despite the debates, there are three essential principles for area-based biodiversity conservation.

Cold mountain stream chironomids (Diptera) of the genus Diamesa indicate both historical and recent climate change.

Chironomids of the genus Diamesa (Meigen, 1835, Diptera: Chironomidae) inhabit cold, oxygen-rich running waters. We have investigated the presence of Diamesa and other freshwater macroinvertebrates at 22 stream sampling sites in 3 European high mountain regions (the Central Pyrenees, the Ötztal Alps, and the Tatra Mountains) to establish suitable temperature conditions for Diamesa dominance. It has been generally accepted that their high abundance was linked to the presence of glaciers; however, we have shown that in the Tatra Mountains, where there are no glaciers, the conditions for the dominance of Diamesa species are created due to permanent snowfields, the geographical orientation of the valley and shading by the surrounding high peaks.

Effects of different organic substrate compositions on the decontamination of aged PAH-polluted soils through outdoor co-composting.

The effects of different organic substrate compositions on the efficiency of outdoor co-composting as a bioremediation technology for decontaminating soil polluted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were investigated. Four different substrate mixtures and two different aged PAH-contaminated soils were used in a semi-pilot-scale experiment that lasted nearly 700 days. The two soils (A and B) differed concerning both the initial concentrations of the Ʃ16 US EPA PAHs (5926 vs.

Draft genome sequence of sp. DVR, an actinobacterium of the family isolated from soil in Japan.

sp. strain DVR is an actinobacterium of the family isolated from soil in Japan. Here we report the draft genome sequence of strain DVR.

Among-population variation in drought responses is consistent across life stages but not between native and non-native ranges.

Understanding how widespread species adapt to variation in abiotic conditions across their ranges is fundamental to ecology. Insight may come from studying how among-population variation (APV) in the common garden corresponds with the environmental conditions of source populations. However, there are no such studies comparing native vs non-native populations across multiple life stages.

Contrasting population genetic structure of three semi-terrestrial brachyuran crabs on the coast of the Japanese archipelago.

Anthropogenic activities have reduced ecotones between the ocean and land, which is likely to threaten the population of brackish-water brachyuran crabs. To assess the current status of these crabs, we examine the population genetic structures of three semi-terrestrial brachyuran crabs widely distributed along the coast of the Japan and to clarify factors determining their genetic structures. We collected 184 , 252 , and 151 crabs from 36 localities of the Japanese archipelago.