Mechanism of Chinese botanical drug Dizhi pill for myopia: An integrated study based on bioinformatics and network analysis.

To identify the active constituents, core targets, immunomodulatory functions and potential mechanisms of Dizhi pill (DZP) in the treatment of myopia. The active constituents and drug targets of DZP were searched in the TCMSP, Herb databases and correlational studies. The targets of myopia were searched in the TTD, Genecards, OMIM and Drugbank databases.

In vivo metabolism combined network pharmacology to identify anti-constipation constituents in Aloe barbadensis Mill.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Aloe barbadensis Mill. (Aloe vera), is a homology of medicine and food plant, widely applied in functional food, cosmetics, and medicine. Aloe vera whole leaf extract, one of the most popular traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), is mainly used in China to treat functional constipation.

Nafamostat mesilate prevented caerulein-induced pancreatic injury by targeting HDAC6-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation.

Objective: Nafamostat mesilate (NM), a synthetic broad-spectrum serine protease inhibitor, has been commonly used for treating acute pancreatitis (AP) and other inflammatory-associated diseases in some East Asia countries. Although the potent inhibitory activity against inflammation-related proteases (such as thrombin, trypsin, kallikrein, plasmin, coagulation factors, and complement factors) is generally believed to be responsible for the anti-inflammatory effects of NM, the precise target and molecular mechanism underlying its anti-inflammatory activity in AP treatment remain largely unknown.

Methods: The protection of NM against pancreatic injury and inhibitory effect on the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation were investigated in an experimental mouse model of AP.

Rapid changes of mRNA expressions of cardiac ion channels affected by Torsadogenic drugs influence susceptibility of rat hearts to arrhythmias induced by Beta-Adrenergic stimulation.

Drug-induced long QT syndrome (LQTS) and Torsades de Pointes (TdP) are serious concerns in drug development. Although rats are a useful scientific tool, their hearts, unlike larger species, usually do not respond to torsadogenic drugs. Consequently, their resistance to drug-induced arrhythmias is poorly understood.

Phosphotriesterase-related protein as a novel prognostic predictor for hepatocellular carcinoma patients.

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth incidence of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer mortality in the world. Facing the ever-increasing population of HCC patients, there is still an urgent need to find good diagnostic and prognostic markers to explore new therapeutic targets. Phosphotriesterase-related (PTER) protein, an expressed protein in the liver and injured or ploycystic kidneys, was reported to be correlated with serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT).

Sesquiterpenoids from the whole plants of with cytotoxicity activities.

Five new sesquiterpenoids (-), elephantmollides A-E, along with four known compounds (-), were isolated from the whole plants of . Their planar structures were elucidated using the spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, IR, UV, and NMR (H, C, DEPT, HSQC, HMBC, H-H COSY). The relative configurations of them were partially deduced by the NOESY experiment, and the absolute configurations were assigned by comparing the calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) results with the experimental data.

Ginsenoside Rd attenuates myocardial ischemia injury through improving mitochondrial biogenesis via WNT5A/Ca pathways.

Ginsenoside Rd, one of the main active components in ginseng, exerts various biological activities. However, its effectiveness on myocardial ischemia injury and its potential mechanism need further clarification. The model of isoproterenol (ISO)-induced myocardial ischemia injury (MI) mice and cobalt chloride (CoCl)-induced cardiomyocytes injury were performed.

Simultaneous determination of four active compounds in Centella asiatica by supramolecular solvent-based extraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

In the present study, a new and rapid method for determining four bioactive compounds of Centella asiatica (C. asiatica) in herbs was developed based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS), formed by n-hexanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF) and water, was used for extracting madecassoside (MS), asiaticoside (AS), asiatic acid (AA) and madecassic acid (MA) from herbs.

Quantification and holistic quality evaluation of Wulingzhi extract by UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-HRMS coupled with chemometric approaches.

The excreta of Trogopterus xanthipes ("Wulingzhi" in Chinese, WLZ) is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used for centuries to treat amenorrhea, menstruation and postpartum abdominal pain. However, a systematic quality study on WLZ chemical markers has yet to be conducted.

Discrimination of Radix Astragali from Different Growth Patterns, Origins, Species, and Growth Years by an H-NMR Spectrogram of Polysaccharide Analysis Combined with Chemical Pattern Recognition and Determination of Its Polysaccharide Content and Immunological Activity.

The fraud phenomenon is currently widespread in the traditional Chinese medicine Radix Astragali (RA) market, especially where high-quality RA is substituted with low-quality RA. In this case, focused on polysaccharides from RA, the classification models were established for discrimination of RA from different growth patterns, origins, species, and growth years. 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (H-NMR) was used to establish the spectroscopy of polysaccharides from RA, which were used to distinguish RA via chemical pattern recognition methods.

Erianin: A phytoestrogen with therapeutic potential.

Erianin, a phytoestrogen with therapeutic potential, is one of the major active components of Dendrobll caulis. Erianin has a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic retinopathy, anti-psoriasis, and antibacterial effects. Especially, in regard to the anti-tumor effect of erianin, the underlying molecular mechanism has been partly clarified.

Inhibitory effects of L. essential oil on lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia activation-integrated characteristic analysis of volatile compounds, network pharmacology, and BV-2 cell.

Neuroinflammation is considered to have a prominent role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and modulating microglia activation is a promising strategy to prevent AD. Essential oil of L.

Quercetin-loaded porous biocomposite of polyimide and molybdenum disulfide nanosheets with antibacterial capability for boosting osteoblastic differentiation and bone-bonding.

Implant instability and bacterial infection are the two main reasons for the failure of bone implantation. Herein, a porous biocomposite containing polyimide (PI) and 40 w% molybdenum disulfide (MoS) nanosheets (PM40) was fabricated, and quercetin (QT) was loaded onto the porous surface of PM40 (PMQT). Incorporation of MoS nanosheets into PI remarkably increased the compressive strength, water absorption and protein absorption of PM40.

DNA Repair-Responsive Engineered Whole Cell Microbial Sensors for Sensitive and High-Throughput Screening of Genotoxic Impurities.

Genotoxic impurities (GTIs) occurred in drugs, and food and environment pose a threat to human health. Accurate and sensitive evaluation of GTIs is of significance. Ames assay is the existing gold standard method.

Identification and Determination of Impurities in a New Therapeutic Agent for Fatty Liver Disease.

Methyl 7,7'-dimethoxy-5'-(morpholinomethyl)-[4,4'-bibenzo[d][1,3] dioxole]-5-carboxylate methanesulfonate (IMM) is an innovative drug for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) owing to its high efficacy and low toxicity. In this study, five minor impurities (I, II, III, IV, and V) were identified and analyzed using spectroscopic evidence, chemical synthetic methods, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The impurities included hydrolysates and oxidation by-products extracted from both the drug in its final formulation and during synthesis.

A sustained-release phospholipid-based phase separation gel loaded with berberine for treating rheumatoid arthritis.

Berberine (BBR) has a long history of use in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and is considered one of the most promising natural product for the treatment of RA. However, oral administration of berberine has low bioavailability and requires frequent administration, resulting in poor patient compliance. In this study, we developed a BBR-loaded phospholipid-based phase separation gel (BBR-PPSG) to achieve sustained drug release and long-term therapeutic effect.

Dose decision of HSK7653 oral immediate release tablets in specific populations clinical trials based on mechanistic physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model.

HSK7653, an oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor administered every 2 weeks, is a candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The major elimination pathway of HSK7653 in vivo is renal excretion, and hepatic metabolism and fecal excretion of unchanged compound contribute less to the systemic clearance of HSK7653. Considering the disposition characteristics and the potential indication population of HSK7653, evaluating the HSK7653 exposure in patients with renal impairment and geriatric populations is a prerequisite for bringing more benefits to the patients.

Novel Approach to Enriching Glycosylated RNAs: Specific Capture of GlycoRNAs via Solid-Phase Chemistry.

Ribonuclease (RNA) modifications can alter cellular function and lead to differential immune responses by acting as discriminators between RNAs from different phyla. RNA glycosylation has recently been observed at the cell surface, and its dysregulation in disease may change RNA functions. However, determining which RNA substrates can be glycosylated remains to be explored.

Atractylenolide III Ameliorates Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT Pathway and Regulating Glutamine Metabolism.

Liver fibrosis is one of the leading causes of hepatic sclerosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. However, the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of liver fibrosis are unknown, and no specific drugs are available to treat liver fibrosis. Atractylenolide III (ATL III) is a natural compound isolated from the plant (Thunb.

Dynamic Metal Nanoclusters: A Review on Accurate Crystal Structures.

Dynamic metal nanoclusters have garnered widespread attention due to their unique properties and potential applications in various fields. Researchers have been dedicated to developing new synthesis methods and strategies to control the morphologies, compositions, and structures of metal nanoclusters. Through optimized synthesis methods, it is possible to prepare clusters with precise sizes and shapes, providing a solid foundation for subsequent research.

Lycopodium Alkaloids from Huperzia serrata and Their Anti-acetylcholinesterase Activities.

One new fawcettimine-type alkaloid (1), one new miscellaneous-type alkaloid (2), four new lycodine-type alkaloids (3-6), and eight known ones (7-14) were isolated from the whole plants of Huperzia serrata. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated based on spectroscopic data, X-ray diffraction, ECD calculation and Mosher's method. Compound 1 was a rare C N -type Lycopodium alkaloid, possessing serratinine skeleton with an amide side chain in C-5.

Thiol-modified hyaluronic acid improves the physical stability of curcumin-zein nanoparticles by forming disulfide bonds with zein.

Zein-based nanoparticles have been developed in the food industry. However, their poor pH stability and unfavorable ionic strength stability remain a challenge even with the use of polysaccharides (such as hyaluronic acid) as stabilizers. To address this shortcoming, an improved strategy based on the disulfide bonds between thiol-modified hyaluronic acid (HASH) and zein was proposed.

A Multichannel Fluorescent Array Sensor for Discrimination of Different Types of Drug-Induced Kidney Injury.

The differences in urinary proteins could provide a novel opportunity to distinguish the different types of drug-induced kidney injury (DIKI). In this research, Au nanoparticles-polyethyleneimine (AuNPs-PEI) and the three fluorophore-labeled proteins (FLPs) have been constructed as a multichannel fluorescent array sensor via electrostatic interaction, which was used to detect the subtle changes in urine collected from the pathological state of DIKI. Once the urine from different types of DIKI was introduced, the binding equilibrium between AuNPs-PEI and FLPs would be broken due to the competitive binding of urinary protein, and the corresponding fluorescence response pattern would be generated.

Identification, structure elucidation and origin of a common pyridinium-thiocyanate intermediate in electrospray mass spectrometry among the benziamidazole-class proton pump inhibitors.

During the analysis of benziamidazole-class irreversible proton pump inhibitors, an unusual mass spectral response with the mass-to-charge ratio at [M+10] intrigued us, as it couldn't be assigned to any literature known relevant structure, intermediate or adduct ion. Moreover, this mysterious mass pattern of [M+10] has been gradually observed by series of marketed proton pump inhibitors, viz. omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole and rabeprazole.

Proposal for regulatory risk mitigation measures for human pharmaceutical residues in the environment.

Environmental risks of human pharmaceutical products should be made transparent and mitigated as far as possible. We propose to apply a risk mitigation scheme to the marketing authorisation of human medicinal products which is pragmatic and tailored, and thus will not increase the burden to regulators and industry too much. This scheme takes into account increasing knowledge and accuracy of the environmental risk estimates, applying preliminary risk mitigation when risks are determined based on model estimates, and definitive, more strict and far-reaching risk mitigation when risks are based on actual measured environmental concentrations.