Sex-specific anatomical variation of circle of Willis arteries.

Background: Anatomical variations in the circle of Willis (CoW) arteries are common and can affect hemodynamic stress, thereby influencing the risk of cerebrovascular pathology. Previous studies have suggested sex differences in CoW anatomy, but findings vary due to limited study population size and different measurement methods. This study aims to investigate sex differences in artery diameters, anatomical variants and bifurcation angles of the CoW using a large population cohort and semi-automatic measurements.

Navigating the Spectrum: Assessing the Concordance of ML-Based AI Findings with Radiology in Chest X-Rays in Clinical Settings.

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into radiology aims to improve diagnostic accuracy and efficiency, particularly in settings with limited access to expert radiologists and in times of personnel shortage. However, challenges such as insufficient validation in actual real-world settings or automation bias should be addressed before implementing AI software in clinical routine. This cross-sectional study in a maximum care hospital assesses the concordance between diagnoses made by a commercial AI-based software and conventional radiological methods augmented by AI for four major thoracic pathologies in chest X-ray: fracture, pleural effusion, pulmonary nodule and pneumonia.

Performance control during longitudinal activation fMRI studies.

The documentation of performance during functional imaging represents a standard procedure employed to control for compliance, sensorimotor, and cognitive demands. In the case of motor tasks, preciseness, force, and frequency have a significant impact on the magnitude of functional activation. Questionnaires are used in psychological investigations to control for cognitive demand, while psychophysiological documentation is employed to record bodily responses.

Handheld ultrasound for portal vein evaluation in pediatric patients.

Objective: To assess diagnostic capabilities of a modern handheld ultrasound device (HUD) for portal vein (PV) evaluation in pediatric patients and to verify if age, body mass index (BMI) and object depth correlate to imagequality.

Methods: 45 patients (3.9 months- 17.

Use of a handheld system for interventional ultrasound with puncture and biopsy in an in vitro liver model.

Background And Objective: Ultrasound-guided interventions (such as biopsies) of unclear lesions are indicated if microcirculatory changes indicate possible malignant lesions. These place high demands on the ultrasound device used. In order to potentially reduce the often associated high technical effort, the wireless ultrasound device Vscan AirTM was examined as a possible ultrasound device for the intervention biopsy.

Generating synthetic high-resolution spinal STIR and T1w images from T2w FSE and low-resolution axial Dixon.

Objectives: To generate sagittal T1-weighted fast spin echo (T1w FSE) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) images from sagittal T2-weighted (T2w) FSE and axial T1w gradient echo Dixon technique (T1w-Dixon) sequences.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study used three existing datasets: "Study of Health in Pomerania" (SHIP, 3142 subjects, 1.5 Tesla), "German National Cohort" (NAKO, 2000 subjects, 3 Tesla), and an internal dataset (157 patients 1.

Circulating miRNAs modulating systemic low-grade inflammation and affecting neurodegeneration.

Objective And Design: Inflammatory processes are an important part of the etiology of many chronic diseases across various medical domains, including neurodegeneration. Understanding their regulation on the molecular level represents a major challenge. Regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs), have been recognized for their role in post-transcriptionally modulating immune-related pathways serving as biomarkers for numerous diseases.

Baseline MRI Examination in the NAKO Health Study—Findings on Feasibility, Participation and Dropout Rates, Comfort, and Image Quality.

Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) yields important information on the development and current status of many different diseases. Whole-body MRI was accordingly made a part of the multicenter, population-based NAKO Health Study. The present analysis concerns the feasibility of the baseline MRI examination and various aspects of quality assurance over the period 2014-2019.

High-resolution Visualization of Intestinal Microcirculation using Ultra-microangiography in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Study.

Background And Aims: Ultra-microangiography (UMA) is a novel Doppler technique with optimized wall filtering that provides high sensitivity to low-velocity blood flows and optimized visualization of microcirculation. The aim of this pilot study was to compare intestinal vascularization assessed by color Doppler signals (CDS) and UMA.

Methods: We investigated intestinal vascularization using UMA and CDS in 13 patients with confirmed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Elevated accuracy in recognition of subliminal happy facial expressions in patients with panic disorder after psychotherapy.

Background: Individuals with anxiety disorders (ADs) often display hypervigilance to threat information, although this response may be less pronounced following psychotherapy. This study aims to investigate the unconscious recognition performance of facial expressions in patients with panic disorder (PD) post-treatment, shedding light on alterations in their emotional processing biases.

Methods: Patients with PD (n=34) after (exposure-based) cognitive behavior therapy and healthy controls (n=43) performed a subliminal affective recognition task.

Attenuation of the BOLD fMRI Signal and Changes in Functional Connectivity Affecting the Whole Brain in Presence of Brain Metastasis.

To date, there are almost no investigations addressing functional connectivity (FC) in patients with brain metastases (BM). In this retrospective study, we investigate the influence of BM on hemodynamic brain signals derived from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and FC. Motor-fMRI data of 29 patients with BM and 29 matched healthy controls were analyzed to assess percent signal changes (PSC) in the ROIs motor cortex, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor cortex and FC in the sensorimotor, default mode, and salience networks using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12) and marsbar and CONN toolboxes.

Doctor's Orders-Why Radiologists Should Consider Adjusting Commercial Machine Learning Applications in Chest Radiography to Fit Their Specific Needs.

This retrospective study evaluated a commercial deep learning (DL) software for chest radiographs and explored its performance in different scenarios. A total of 477 patients (284 male, 193 female, mean age 61.4 (44.

Circulating microRNA miR-425-5p Associated with Brain White Matter Lesions and Inflammatory Processes.

White matter lesions (WML) emerge as a consequence of vascular injuries in the brain. While they are commonly observed in aging, associations have been established with neurodegenerative and neurological disorders such as dementia or stroke. Despite substantial research efforts, biological mechanisms are incomplete and biomarkers indicating WMLs are lacking.

Color Mapping using Ultrasound System-integrated Perfusion Software for Evaluation of Focal Liver Lesions: A Possible First Step for More Independent Reading.

Aims: To assess the value of using integrated parametric ultrasound software for contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) of liver tumors.

Methods: 107 patients with liver tumors were studied. CEUS were performed to detect focal lesions.

Pulmonary Metastasising Aneurysmal Fibrous Histiocytoma: A Case Report, Literature Review and Proposal of Standardised Diagnostic Criteria.

An aneurysmal fibrous histiocytoma is a rare cutaneous soft-tissue tumour which accounts for approximately 0.06% of all dermatopathologies. Metastasis is exceedingly uncommon, to the point that there have only been eight reported cases in the scientific literature.

The Effect of Cooling Fluid Composition on Ablation Size in Hepatic Laser Ablation: A Comparative Study in an Ex Vivo Bovine Setting.

Purpose: Hyperthermic ablation is a minimally invasive mode of tumour therapy which serves as a viable alternative to surgical intervention. However, one of the major drawbacks, besides the heat sink effect and the risk of damaging adjacent organs, is limited ablation size. The use of a cooling fluid during ablation has been shown to increase the ablation volume and decrease the carbonisation rate.

Assessing Diagnostic Accuracy of Four-dimensional CT for Instable Scapholunate Dissociation: The Prospective ACTION Trial.

Background Timely treatment of scapholunate instability depends on early identification, but current imaging methods are either intricate or fail to demonstrate the dynamic stages. Purpose To calculate the diagnostic accuracy of four-dimensional (4D) CT for diagnosing instable scapholunate ligament (SLL) tears. Materials and Methods This prospective study enrolled consecutive participants with clinically suspected SLL tears who underwent 4D CT from July 2020 to May 2022.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and structural brain imaging: The Cross-Cohort Collaboration.

Background And Purpose: Prior studies reported conflicting findings regarding the association of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fibrosis with measures of brain health. We examined whether NAFLD and liver fibrosis are associated with structural brain imaging measures in middle- and old-age adults.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study among dementia- and stroke-free individuals, data were pooled from the Offspring and Third Generation cohorts of the Framingham Heart Study (FHS), the Rotterdam Study (RS), and the Study of Health in Pomerania.