Which intellectual activities are related to cognitive reserve? Introduction and testing a three-dimensional model.

Background: A common belief among people and some researchers is that keeping yourself mentally active may decrease the risk of dementia. Over the past years, despite widespread efforts to identify proxies for protecting cognitive reserve against age-related changes, it is still not clear what type of intellectual activity would be beneficial for cognitive reserve. To fill this gap, we propose a three-dimensional model of intellectual activity.

The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on cerebellum in reduction of the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one disabling psychiatric condition.  Investigations reported the effectiveness of trans-cranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in regulating orbito-fronto-striato-pallido-thalamic network activity in OCD patients. In these patients, hypo- or hyper-activity of different brain areas including orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA), cingulate gyrus, putamen, thalamus, parietal cortex and cerebellum have been reported.

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Translation of Video Gaming Addiction Test.

Introduction: The current study aims to measure the validity, reliability, and psychometric properties of the Persian translation of the Video Gaming Addiction Test (VAT).

Methods: A total of 280 young men (14-20 years old) (Mean±SD age: 17.22±1.

Disrupted resting-state brain functional network in methamphetamine abusers: A brain source space study by EEG.

This study aimed to examine the effects of chronic methamphetamine use on the topological organization of whole-brain functional connectivity network (FCN) by reconstruction of neural-activity time series at resting-state. The EEG of 36 individuals with methamphetamine use disorder (IWMUD) and 24 normal controls (NCs) were recorded, pre-processed and source-reconstructed using standardized low-resolution tomography (sLORETA). The brain FCNs of participants were constructed and between-group differences in network topological properties were investigated using graph theoretical analysis.

Assessment of Executive Functions in Methamphetamine-addicted Individuals: Emphasis on Duration of Addiction and Abstinence.

Introduction: Several studies have conducted on impairments of executive functions in individuals with methamphetamine addiction; however, only a few have investigated the relationship between executive functions and duration of addiction or abstinence. This study was designed to assess the executive functions in methamphetamine-addicted individuals in relation to the duration of addiction or abstinence.

Methods: A total of 161 subjects aged between 20 and 45 years were categorized into three subgroups: currently abusing (n=41), abstinent (n=60), and control healthy individuals (n=60).

Cumulative and booster effects of tdcs sessions on drug cravings, lapse, and cognitive impairment in methamphetamine use disorder: A case study report.

Background And Objectives: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) is a non-invasive brain stimulation method, which shows promising therapeutic effects in controlling drug cravings.

Methods: In this study, we present cumulative and booster effects of tDCS sessions on methamphetamine cravings, lapse, and cognitive impairment in a methamphetamine dependent subject.

Results: Our study shows cumulative effects of continuous anodal tDCS sessions on right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) could reduce drug cravings and their consequences.

The Persian Checklist of Pleasant Events (PCPE): Development, Validity and Reliability.

Objective: Experiencing ‎pleasant events during daily life ‎has a significant positive role in ‎the personal mental health and ‎acts as a keystone for "behavioral ‎activation" (BA) interventions. ‎There are serious differences in ‎the pleasant event schedules in ‎different cultures and countries. ‎We aimed to develop a Persian ‎checklist of pleasant events ‎‎(PCPE) to provide and validate a ‎culturally compatible checklist for ‎Iranians.

Functional neuroimaging for addiction medicine: From mechanisms to practical considerations.

During last 20 years, neuroimaging with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in people with drug addictions has introduced a wide range of quantitative biomarkers from brain's regional or network level activities during different cognitive functions. These quantitative biomarkers could be potentially used for assessment, planning, prediction, and monitoring for "addiction medicine" during screening, acute intoxication, admission to a program, completion of an acute program, admission to a long-term program, and postgraduation follow-up. In this chapter, we have briefly reviewed main neurocognitive targets for fMRI studies associated with addictive behaviors, main study types using fMRI among drug dependents, and potential applications for fMRI in addiction medicine.

The polarity-dependent effects of the bilateral brain stimulation on working memory.

Introduction: Working memory plays a critical role in cognitive processes which are central to our daily life. Neuroimaging studies have shown that one of the most important areas corresponding to the working memory is the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLFPC). This study was aimed to assess whether bilateral modulation of the DLPFC using a noninvasive brain stimulation, namely transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), modifies the working memory function in healthy adults.