Dose-dependent manner of luteolin in the modulation of spatial memory with respect to the hippocampal level of HSP70 and HSP90 in sleep-deprived rats.

Sleep deprivation (SD) induces a variety of deleterious effects on different cognitive functions such as memory. Elevated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, and decreased synaptic plasticity and antioxidant capacity are involved in the deleterious effects of SD on memory. On the other hand, luteolin (a flavonoid compound) has antioxidant, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory properties.

Can executive functions of the brain predict official driving test success?

Human factors, including the level of cognitive functioning, are the most influential factors in road traffic crashes. Among cognitive abilities, executive functions (EFs) of the brain play a pivotal role in driving performance and outcomes, including crash numbers. The current study was aimed to explore, for the first time, the ability of EF tests to predict success on the official driving tests in applicants of driving license in Iran.

Remember NIBS? tACS improves memory performance in elders with subjective memory complaints.

Subjective memory complaints (SMC), the main cognitive component of which is event memory, is a predictor of Alzheimer's disease in elderly people. The purpose of this trial was to investigate the effect of transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) with theta frequency (6 Hz) on the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) in the improvement of episodic memory in individuals with SMC in a double blind, randomized, and sham-controlled parallel study. Sixteen participants with SMC received either active or sham theta tACS on the mPFC.

Evaluation of fronto-cerebellar neurometabolites in youth with ADHD compared to the healthy group and their associations with cognitive and behavioral characteristics: A proton magnetic spectroscopy study.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders, characterized by specific cognitive and behavioral symptoms. A fronto-cerebellar circuit is implicated in ADHD, and despite its role in cognitive/behavioral aspects, the neurochemical alterations in this circuit are not well understood. The present study aimed to compare neurometabolite ratios of the fronto-cerebellar circuit between ADHD and control participants, using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS), and investigate whether neurometabolites related to cognitive/behavioral characteristics.

Is online self-regulatory training effective in weight control? A pilot experiment on adolescence obesity during coronavirus-19 lockdown.

Objective: Studies have shown that obesity is associated with decreased executive function. Impaired executive functions lead to poor self-regulation, which in turn may result in persistence of unhealthy behaviors, including eating behaviors, throughout life. Increasing self-regulation in childhood and adolescence has positive effects on creating healthy behaviors such as reducing unnecessary eating and changing unhealthy eating habits.

The nexus between sleep disturbances and mental health outcomes in military staff: a systematic review.

Objectives: Military personnel are unique occupational groups who happen to frequently experience sleep insuffciencies. Since sleep disorders are known to be linked to many psychiatric symptoms, sleep disturbance is a salient concern among active duty service members and veterans. Existing evidence indicates that although sleep disturbances co-occur with mental illnesses, there is a tendency to particularly label them as consequences of certain mental health issues.

Ecological validity of executive function tests in predicting driving performance.

Almost all of our everyday activities depend on executive function (EF) skills. In line with the increasing attention to the ecological validation of neuropsychological assessment and intervention methods, this study aimed to explore the ecological validity of a relevant set of widely used EF tests, mostly from well-known paradigms of EF assessment, in predicting driving ability. Ninety-six healthy novice drivers ( = 26.

Feasibility and acceptability of written exposure therapy in addressing posttraumatic stress disorder in Iranian patients with breast cancer.

Objective: This study examined the feasibility and acceptability of written exposure therapy (WET) in reducing symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in Iranian women with breast cancer. Secondary aims included examining the influence of WET on quality of life (QoL), overgeneral memory and illness perceptions.

Method: Forty-six females with breast cancer and clinical symptoms of PTSD referred to the Razi Hospital in Rasht, Iran were randomly assigned to either WET (n = 23) or control (n = 23) groups.

Electrophysiological and behavioral effects of unilateral and bilateral rTMS; A randomized clinical trial on rumination and depression.

Background: Rumination is significantly frequent in major depressive disorder (MDD). However, not a lot of studies have investigated the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on rumination.

Methods: 61 participants with a minimum Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score of 20 were randomly assigned to sham, bilateral stimulation (BS) or unilateral stimulation (US) groups.

GC-CNNnet: Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease with PET Images Using Genetic and Convolutional Neural Network.

There is a wide variety of effects of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease that can lead to cognitive decline, deterioration of daily life, and behavioral and psychological changes. A polymorphism of the ApoE gene 4 is considered a genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that single-nucleotide polymorphic markers (SNPs) have a causal relationship with quantitative PET imaging traits.

Synergistic antidepressant effects of citalopram and SB-334867 in the REM sleep-deprived mice: Possible role of BDNF.

This study was done to evaluate the effect of co-treatment of orexin agents along with citalopram on the modulation of depression-like behavior and the expression of BDNF in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of sleep-deprived male mice. A sleep deprivation model was performed in which rapid eye movement (REM) sleep was completely prohibited, and non-REM sleep was intensely reduced for 24 h. For drug microinjection, the guide cannula was surgically fixed in the left lateral ventricle of mice.

Cold Cognition as Predictor of Treatment Response to rTMS; A Retrospective Study on Patients With Unipolar and Bipolar Depression.

Background: Cognitive impairments are prevalent in patients with unipolar and bipolar depressive disorder (UDD and BDD, respectively). Considering the fact assessing cognitive functions is increasingly feasible for clinicians and researchers, targeting these problems in treatment and using them at baseline as predictors of response to treatment can be very informative.

Method: In a naturalistic, retrospective study, data from 120 patients (Mean age: 33.

Set-shifting and inhibition interplay affect the rule-matching bias occurrence during conditional reasoning task.

The rule-matching bias is a common error during conditional reasoning tasks, which refers to a tendency to match responses with the lexical context in the conditional rule and leads to incorrect responses. Conditional reasoning is one of the higher-level cognitive abilities affected by many cognitive skills. We aimed to determine whether inhibition and set-shifting skills with rule-matching bias occurrence could be related and, if so, to what quantitative, at a statistically significant level.

Comparative Analysis of the Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairments in Patients with Breast Cancer: A Community-Based Research.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two common chemotherapy regimens on breast cancer (BC) survivors' cognition. The participants comprised 35 patients with BC who underwent two chemotherapy regimens, AC-T and TAC, and 24 matched healthy volunteers. The participants were assessed regarding cognitive function through Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination and Cambridge Brain Science tests.

Sex differences in rTMS treatment response: A deep learning-based EEG investigation.

Introduction: The present study aimed to investigate sex differences in response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients. Identifying the factors that mediate treatment response to rTMS in MDD patients can guide clinicians to administer more appropriate, reliable, and personalized interventions.

Methods: In this paper, we developed a novel pipeline based on convolutional LSTM-based deep learning (DL) to classify 25 female and 25 male patients based on their rTMS treatment response.

Decoding locomotion speed and slope from local field potentials of rat motor cortex.

Background And Objective: Local Field Potentials (LFPs) recorded from the primary motor cortex (M1) have been shown to be very informative for decoding movement parameters, and these signals can be used to decode forelimb kinematic and kinetic parameters accurately. Although locomotion is one of the most basic and important motor abilities of humans and animals, the potential of LFPs in decoding abstract hindlimb locomotor parameters has not been investigated. This study investigates the feasibility of decoding speed and slope of locomotion, as two important abstract parameters of walking, using the LFP signals.

The effectiveness of caffeinated chewing gum in ameliorating cognitive functions affected by sleep deprivation.

Objectives: This investigation aimed to compare caffeinated gums with two different dosages of caffeine (200mg vs. 300mg) by assessing their effectiveness on the improvement of cognitive functions among Iranian individuals voluntarily suffering from 30 hours of sleep deprivation.

Material And Methods: Thirty-four healthy male volunteers with ages from 28 to 35 years old were randomly assigned to either 200 or 300mg caffeine intake.

Periodontal ligament stem cells as a promising therapeutic target for neural damage.

Background: The damaged neuronal cells of adult mammalian lack the regenerative ability to replace the neuronal connections. Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) are the promising source for neuroregenerative applications that can improve the injured microenvironment of the damaged neural system. They provide neuronal progenitors and neurotrophic, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory factors.

Visual Attention and Poor Sleep Quality.

Background: Sleep deprivation disrupts visual attention; however, the effects of chronic poor sleep quality on it are not understood. The dorsal attention network (DAN) and the ventral attention network (VAN) are involved in visual attention and search (VSA), with the DAN being important for the serial attention network and the VAN for parallel "pop-out" visual search.

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate correlation of sleep quality with visual attention and search, functional, and tracts' properties of the DAN and VAN.

Effect of multi-epitope derived from HIV-1 on REM sleep deprivation-induced spatial memory impairment with respect to the level of immune factors in mice.

Objectives: Sleep deprivation (SD) has a negative impact on cognitive functions including learning and memory. Many studies have shown that rapid-eye-movement (REM) SD also disrupts memory performance. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of multi-epitope Gag-Pol-Env-Tat derived from Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) on REM SD-induced spatial memory impairment with respect to the levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-17 (IL-17), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), immunoglobulin G2a (IgG2a), and lymphocyte proliferation in NMRI mice.

Effects of the Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Binaural Beat Brain Stimulation and Short-Term Training on Simultaneously Assessed Visuospatial and Verbal Working Memories, Signal Detection Measures, Response Times, and Intrasubject Response Time Variabilities: A Within-Subject Randomized Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Binaural beats (BBs) are phantom sound illusions perceived when two sounds of slightly different frequencies are separately transmitted to the ears. It is suggested that some BB frequencies might entrain the brain and enhance certain cognitive functions such as working memory or attention. Nevertheless, studies in this regard are very scarce, quite controversial, and merely covering a very small portion of this vast field of research (e.

From hands-on to remote: Moderators of response to a novel self-management telehealth programme during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: In March 2020, state-wide lockdowns were declared in many countries, including Spain. Citizens were confined to their homes and remotely supported activities were prioritized as an alternative to in-person interactions. Previous data suggest that remote and self-management interventions may be successful at reducing pain and related psychological variables.

A survey of physicians' opinions about the treatment of subsegmental pulmonary embolism.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to survey the attitudes of internists, cardiologists, and pulmonologists regarding treatment or no treatment of isolated subsegmental pulmonary embolism (ISSPE) with anticoagulant drugs.

Methods: Qualified physicians were asked to select their management options from a questionnaire that included a patient scenario with subsegmental pulmonary embolism (SSPE) and negative past medical history of thromboembolism.

Results: A total of 113 physicians responded to the survey.

Evaluation of rTMS in patients with poststroke aphasia: a systematic review and focused meta-analysis.

Purpose: Aphasia-acquired loss of the ability to understand or express language-is a common and debilitating neurological consequence of stroke. Evidence suggests that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can significantly improve language outcomes in patients with aphasia. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been reported to improve naming in chronic stroke patients with nonfluent aphasia since 2005.