A Systematic Review of the Molecular Mechanisms Involved in the Association Between PCOS and Endometrial and Ovarian Cancers.

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a major cause of female infertility, affects 4%-20% of reproductive-age women. Metabolic and hormonal alterations are key features of PCOS, potentially raising the risk of endometrial (EC) and ovarian (OVCA) cancers. This systematic review aims to summarise the proposed molecular mechanisms involved in the association between PCOS and EC or OVCA.

A meta-analysis of AI and machine learning in project management: Optimizing vaccine development for emerging viral threats in biotechnology.

Objectives: Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have emerged as transformative technologies across various industries, including healthcare, biotechnology, and vaccine development. These technologies offer immense potential to improve project management efficiency, decision-making, and resource utilization, especially in complex tasks such as vaccine development and healthcare innovations.

Methods: A systematic meta-analysis was conducted by reviewing studies from databases like PubMed, IEEE Xplore, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Google Scholar until September 2024.

Tissue-specific chromatin accessibility and transcriptional regulation in maize cold stress response.

Maize, a vital crop globally, faces significant yield losses due to its sensitivity to cold stress, especially in temperate regions. Understanding the molecular mechanisms governing maize response to cold stress is crucial for developing strategies to enhance cold tolerance. However, the precise chromatin-level regulatory mechanisms involved remain largely unknown.

Roadmap and Considerations for Genome Editing in a Non-Model Organism: Genetic Variations and Off-Target Profiling.

The CRISPR/Cas genome editing approach in non-model organisms poses challenges that remain to be resolved. Here, we demonstrated a generalized roadmap for a de novo genome annotation approach applied to the non-model organism . We also addressed the typical genome editing challenges arising from genetic variations, such as a high frequency of single nucleotide polymorphisms, differences in sex chromosomes, and repetitive sequences that can lead to off-target events.

Transcriptomic Analysis of the CAM Species Under Low- and High-Temperature Regimes.

Temperature stress is one of the major limiting environmental factors that negatively impact global crop yields. is an obligate crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) plant species, exhibiting much higher water-use efficiency and tolerance to drought and heat stresses than C or C plant species. Previous studies on gene expression responses to low- or high-temperature stress have been focused on C and C plants.

A Novel Class of FKBP12 Ligands Rescues Premature Aging Phenotypes Associated with Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1.

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant disorder clinically characterized by progressive muscular weakness and multisystem degeneration, which correlates with the size of CTG expansion and MBLN decrease. These changes induce a calcium and redox homeostasis imbalance in several models that recapitulate the features of premature tissue aging. In this study, we characterized the impact of a new family of FKBP12 ligands (generically named MPs or MP compounds) designed to stabilize FKBP12 binding to the ryanodine receptors and normalize calcium dysregulation under oxidative stress.

Metataxonomic analysis of halophilic archaea community in two geothermal oases in the southern Tunisian Sahara.

This study assesses halophilic archaea's phylogenetic diversity in southern Tunisia's geothermal water. In the arid southern regions, limited surface freshwater resources make geothermal waters a vital source for oases and greenhouse irrigation. Three samples, including water, sediment, and halite-soil crust, were collected downstream of two geothermal springs of the Ksar Ghilane (KGH) and Zaouet Al Aness (ZAN) oases, Tunisia.

The epigenetic approach of varicocele: a focus on sperm DNA and m6A-RNA methylation.

Background: Varicocele is an abnormal dilation and torsion of the pampiniform venous plexus in the scrotum due to venous reflux, primarily affecting the left side. It affects 15% of men and is a prevalent contributor to male infertility. Varicocele is a complex disorder influenced by genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors.

Combined bioinformatic and splicing analysis of likely benign intronic and synonymous variants reveals evidence for pathogenicity.

Purpose: Clinical variant analysis pipelines likely have poor sensitivity to the effects on splicing from variants beyond 10 to 20 bases of exon-intron boundaries. Here, we demonstrate the value of SpliceAI to inform curation of rare variants previously classified as benign/likely benign (B/LB) under current guidelines.

Methods: Exome sequencing data from 576 pediatric cancer patients enrolled in the Texas KidsCanSeq study were filtered for intronic or synonymous variants absent from population databases, predicted to alter splicing via SpliceAI (>0.

Harnessing light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins for multiple abiotic stress tolerance in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Insights from genomic and physiological analysis.

Light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins (LHC) of photosystem II perform key functions in various processes, e.g., photosynthesis, development, and abiotic stress responses.

Optimized production of laccase from Pseudomonas stutzeri and its biodegradation of lignin in biomass.

Laccases are multi-copper oxidases that play an important role in the biodegradation of phenolic compounds, lignin, dye, and wastes. Here, we report the screening of potential laccase-producing indigenous bacterial isolates and subsequent optimization of laccase production using crop residues as cheap supplementary energy sources. Among 16 bacterial isolates, seven were selected based on the appearance of reddish-brown bacterial colonies and guaiacol oxidation assay after 10 days of incubation at 37 °C.

Naringenin loaded solid lipid nanoparticles alleviate oxidative stress and enhance oral bioavailability of naringenin.

Naringenin (Nrg) is the most abundant natural dietary flavonoid with promising anti-inflammatory potential. However, its therapeutic application is limited due to poor absorption, low bioavailability, and inability to cross physiological barriers. Herein, we designed biocompatible solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) to overcome these challenges and to enhance the oral bioavailability and therapeutic potential of Nrg.

MIBiG 4.0: advancing biosynthetic gene cluster curation through global collaboration.

Specialized or secondary metabolites are small molecules of biological origin, often showing potent biological activities with applications in agriculture, engineering and medicine. Usually, the biosynthesis of these natural products is governed by sets of co-regulated and physically clustered genes known as biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs). To share information about BGCs in a standardized and machine-readable way, the Minimum Information about a Biosynthetic Gene cluster (MIBiG) data standard and repository was initiated in 2015.

Mapping resistance to Sclerotinia white mold in two pinto bean recombinant inbred line populations.

White mold, caused by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary, is a devastating disease affecting common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production worldwide.

Recent trends in production and potential applications of microbial amylases: A comprehensive review.

α-amylases are vital biocatalysts that constitute a billion-dollar industry with a substantial and enduring global demand. Amylases hydrolyze the α-1,4-glycosidic linkages in starch polymers to generate maltose and malto-oligosaccharides subunits. Amylases are key enzymes that have promising applications in various industrial processes ranging from pharmaceutical, pulp and paper, textile food industries to bioremediation and biofuel sectors.

Methodological optimization for efficient degradation of Acid Violet 49 using advanced oxidation processes and varied photocatalyst combinations.

This study investigates the photodegradation of Acid Violet 49 in an aqueous medium under UV, UV/HO and combined with photo catalyst (UV/HO/TiO, UV/HO/ZnO, and UV/HO/SnO). The impact of all operational parameters including catalytic dosage, peroxidation (HO), pH and dye concentration were evaluated. The degradation efficiency of AV49 was enhanced up to 96% with the alternative photocatalyst UV/HO/ZnO under the circumstances of 0.

Homeostatic microglia initially seed and activated microglia later reshape amyloid plaques in Alzheimer's Disease.

The role of microglia in the amyloid cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is debated due to conflicting findings. Using a genetic and a pharmacological approach we demonstrate that depletion of microglia before amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque deposition, leads to a reduction in plaque numbers and neuritic dystrophy, confirming their role in plaque initiation. Transplanting human microglia restores Aβ plaque formation.

Prevalence of hybrid TLR4M2 monocytes/macrophages in peripheral blood and lung of systemic sclerosis patients with interstitial lung disease.

Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by microvascular damage, immune system reactivity and progressive fibrosis of skin and internal organs. Interstitial lung disease is the leading cause of death for SSc patients (SSc-ILD), and the process of lung fibrosis involves also circulating monocytes and alveolar macrophages.

Methods: Current study aimed to identify monocyte/macrophage phenotypes in lung and peripheral blood of SSc-ILD patients by immunostaining and flow cytometry, respectively.

Ang-(1-7) and ET-1 Interplay Through Mas and ET Receptor Interaction Defines a Novel Vasoprotective Mechanism.

Background: Ang-(1-7) (angiotensin (1-7)) via MasR (Mas receptor) opposes vaso-injurious actions of Ang II (angiotensin II) as shown in models of pulmonary hypertension. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized cross talk between Ang-(1-7) and the protective arm of the ET-1 (endothelin-1) system involving MasR and ETR (endothelin receptor type B).

Flavonoids and the gut microbiome: a powerful duo for brain health.

Flavonoids, a class of polyphenolic compounds, are widely distributed in plant-based foods and have been recognized for their potential to promote overall health and well-being. Flavonoids in fruits and vegetables offer various beneficial effects such as anti-aging, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Flavonoids have been extensively studied for their neuroprotective properties, which are attributed to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with neural cells.

Stabilization of expandable DNA repeats by the replication factor Mcm10 promotes cell viability.

Trinucleotide repeats, including Friedreich's ataxia (GAA) repeats, become pathogenic upon expansions during DNA replication and repair. Here, we show that deficiency of the essential replisome component Mcm10 dramatically elevates (GAA) repeat instability in a budding yeast model by loss of proper CMG helicase interaction. Supporting this conclusion, live-cell microscopy experiments reveal increased replication fork stalling at the repeat in mcm10-1 cells.