Ray-tracing simulation of the radiation dose distribution on the surface of the spherical phantom of the MATROSHKA-R experiment onboard the ISS.

Space radiation is one of the main concerns for human space flights. The prediction of the radiation dose for the actual spacecraft geometry is very important for the planning of long-duration missions. We present a numerical method for the fast calculation of the radiation dose rate during a space flight.

Mechanisms of gravitational sensitivity of osteogenic precursor cells.

This report is a detailed review of the current data on the mechanic and gravitational sensitivity of osteoblasts and osteogenic precursor cells in vitro. It summarizes the numerous responses of cells with an osteoblastic phenotype and osteogenic precursor cells and especially their responses to the alteration of their mechanic or gravitational surroundings. The review also discusses the osteogenic cell's pathways of signal transduction and the mechanisms of gravitational sensitivity.

Lipid peroxidation and the system of antioxidant defence in humans after hypergravitational influence.

Hypergravitational influence (HI) +Gz (head-pelvis) within ranges of up to 3, up to 5, and up to 7 g with an acceleration speed of 0.03 g/s was applied to a group of men of an age of 25 to 45 y.o.