209 results match your criteria: "Institute for Biomedical Problems[Affiliation]"

Cosmic radiation consists of primary high-energy galactic and solar particles. When passing through spacecraft walls and astronauts' bodies, the spectrum becomes even more complex due to generating of secondary particles through fragmentation and nuclear interactions. Total radiation exposure is contributed by both these components.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML version of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Mechanical loading is necessary for the development and maintenance of the musculoskeletal system. Removal of loading microgravity, paralysis, or bed rest leads to rapid loss of muscle mass and function; however, the molecular mechanisms that lead to these changes are largely unknown, particularly for the spaceflight (SF) microgravity environment. Furthermore, few studies have explored these effects on the shoulder, a dynamically stabilized joint with a large range of motion; therefore, we examined the effects of microgravity on mouse shoulder muscles for the 15-d Space Transportation System (STS)-131, 13-d STS-135, and 30-d Bion-M1 missions.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Bites of tiger spiders belonging to Poecilotheria genus cause moderate to severe pain and long-lasting local or generalized muscle cramps in humans. Bites occur in regions of the spiders' natural habitat, India and Sri Lanka, but the popularity of these colorful tarantulas as pets leads to reports of envenomation cases worldwide. Treatment is predominantly symptomatic and often inadequate since there is almost no clinical or toxicology research data available, and physicians outside India or Sri Lanka typically have no experience in treating such cases.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

During brain homeostasis, both neurons and astroglia release ATP that is rapidly converted to adenosine in the extracellular space. Pannexin-1 (Panx1) hemichannels represent a major conduit of non-vesicular ATP release from brain cells. Previous studies have shown that Panx1 mice possess severe disruption of the sleep-wake cycle.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The weightless environment during spaceflight induces site-specific bone loss. The 30-day Bion-M1 mission offered a unique opportunity to characterize the skeletal changes after spaceflight and an 8-day recovery period in mature male C57/BL6 mice. In the femur metaphysis, spaceflight decreased the trabecular bone volume (-64% vs.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

BION-M 1: First continuous blood pressure monitoring in mice during a 30-day spaceflight.

Life Sci Space Res (Amst)

May 2017

Laboratory of Integrated Neurovascular and Mitochondrial Biology (BNMI), UMR CNRS 6214, INSERM 1083, Faculté de Médecine d'Angers, 49045 Angers, France; CaDyWEC International Laboratory, Angers University, Angers, France. Electronic address:

Animals are an essential component of space exploration and have been used to demonstrate that weightlessness does not disrupt essential physiological functions. They can also contribute to space research as models of weightlessness-induced changes in humans. Animal research was an integral component of the 30-day automated Russian biosatellite Bion-M 1 space mission.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Introduction: Low sexual desire is a frequent sexual problem in women, with only one drug for the condition approved by the Food and Drug Administration.

Aim: To evaluate the ability of a novel synthetic peptide, BP101, to facilitate sexual behavior after intranasal administration or infusion into certain brain areas in female rats.

Methods: Bilaterally ovariectomized female rats, primed with a suboptimal combination of estradiol benzoate (EB) and progesterone, were used as a model of low sexual motivation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Adaptation to a blood pressure telemetry system revealed by measures of activity, agility and operant learning in mice.

J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods

April 2018

Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoe Shosse, 76A, Moscow, 123007, Russia; Moscow State University, Biology Faculty, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, Moscow, 119234, Russia. Electronic address:

Introduction: Implantable telemetry enables continuous monitoring of physiological functions in freely moving animals and can greatly complement pharmacological research. Despite its miniaturization, a sensor/transmitter constitutes 5% or more of a mouse's bodyweight. The aim of the present study was to evaluate whether factors related to the presence of a probe/transmitter influence the ambulatory activity, strength, agility, or operant, motivated behaviors of this small rodent.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

NO-mediated anticontractile effect of the endothelium is abolished in coronary arteries of adult rats with antenatal/early postnatal hypothyroidism.

Nitric Oxide

February 2017

Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76A, 123007, Moscow, Russia.

Introduction: Thyroid hormones are essential for proper development of many systems and organs, including circulatory system. Thyroid deficiency during pregnancy may affect the cardiovascular function in children early on and later in adulthood. However, long-term effects of early thyroid deficiency are poorly understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The aim of this work were to choose a quantitative optimality criterion for estimating the quality of plant LED lighting regimes inside space greenhouses and to construct regression models of crop productivity and the optimality criterion depending on the level of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD), the proportion of the red component in the light spectrum and the duration of the duty cycle (Chinese cabbage Brassica сhinensis L. as an example). The properties of the obtained models were described in the context of predicting crop dry weight and the optimality criterion behavior when varying plant lighting parameters.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Effects of plantar stimulation on cardiovascular response to orthostatism.

Eur J Appl Physiol

December 2016

Laboratoire BNMI, Faculté de Médecine, UMR CNRS 6214, INSERM 1083, 49045, Angers Cedex, France.

Purpose: Walking is a complex locomotor process that involves both spinal cord reflexes and cortical integration of peripheral nerve input. Maintaining an upright body position requires not only neuromuscular activity but also cardiovascular regulation. We postulated that plantar mechanical stimulation might modulate autonomic nervous system activity and, thereby, impact blood pressure adaptation during standing.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: To counteract microgravity (µG)-induced adaptation, European Space Agency (ESA) astronauts on long-duration missions (LDMs) to the International Space Station (ISS) perform a daily physical exercise countermeasure program. Since the first ESA crewmember completed an LDM in 2006, the ESA countermeasure program has strived to provide efficient protection against decreases in body mass, muscle strength, bone mass, and aerobic capacity within the operational constraints of the ISS environment and the changing availability of on-board exercise devices. The purpose of this paper is to provide a description of ESA's individualised approach to in-flight exercise countermeasures and an up-to-date picture of how exercise is used to counteract physiological changes resulting from µG-induced adaptation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Endothelial nitric oxide weakens arterial contractile responses and reduces blood pressure during early postnatal development in rats.

Nitric Oxide

May 2016

Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234, Moscow, Russia; Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76A, 123007, Moscow, Russia.

Objective: During maturation the vascular system undergoes structural and functional remodeling. At the systemic level it results in a gradual increase of arterial blood pressure during postnatal ontogenesis. The mechanisms of maintaining the blood pressure at a comparatively low level during the early postnatal development are not completely understood.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The system of countermeasures for the adverse effects of microgravity developed in the USSR supported the successful implementation of long-duration spaceflight (LDS) programs on the Salyut and Mir orbital stations and was subsequently adapted for flights on the International Space Station (ISS). From 2000 through 2010, crews completed 26 ISS flight increments ranging in duration from 140 to 216 d, with the participation of 27 Russian cosmonauts. These flights have made it possible to more precisely determine a crew-member's level of conditioning, better assess the advantages and disadvantages of training processes, and determine prospects for future developments.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Reply to Zhang.

J Appl Physiol (1985)

November 2015

Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow; and Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Urine is a valuable material for the diagnosis of renal pathologies and to investigate the effects of their treatment. However, the variability in protein abundance in the context of normal homeostasis remains a major challenge in urinary proteomics. In this study, the analysis of urine samples collected from healthy individuals, rigorously selected to take part in the MARS-500 spaceflight simulation program, provided a unique opportunity to estimate normal concentration ranges for an extended set of urinary proteins.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Endogenous oestrogens do not regulate endothelial nitric oxide production in early postnatal rats.

Eur J Pharmacol

October 2015

Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76A, 123007 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1/12, 119234 Moscow, Russia.

Previously we showed that endothelium of 1-2-weeks old rats exerts an anticontractile effect due to spontaneous NO production which correlates with a higher eNOS expression level compared to adult rats. Oestrogens are powerful regulators of eNOS expression and activity in arterial endothelium. This study tested the hypothesis that anticontractile influence of endothelium in young rats is regulated by endogenous oestrogens.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Group structure and cohesion along with their changes over time play an important role in the success of missions where crew members spend prolonged periods of time under conditions of isolation and confinement. Therefore, an objective system for unobtrusive monitoring of crew cohesion and possible individual stress reactions is of high interest. For this purpose, an experimental wireless group structure (WLGS) monitoring system integrated into a mobile psychophysiological system was developed.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Bubble detectors have been used to characterise the neutron dose and energy spectrum in several modules of the International Space Station (ISS) as part of an ongoing radiation survey. A series of experiments was performed during the ISS-34, ISS-35, ISS-36 and ISS-37 missions between December 2012 and October 2013. The Radi-N2 experiment, a repeat of the 2009 Radi-N investigation, included measurements in four modules of the US orbital segment: Columbus, the Japanese experiment module, the US laboratory and Node 2.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Pannexin 1 facilitates arterial relaxation via an endothelium-derived hyperpolarization mechanism.

FEBS Lett

April 2015

State Research Center of the Russian Federation - Institute for Biomedical Problems RAS, Khoroshevskoe shosse 76A, 123007 Moscow, Russia; Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-12, 119234 Moscow, Russia.

Pannexin 1 (Panx1) is involved in endothelium-dependent vasodilation in large arteries, but the exact mechanistic role remains poorly understood. We hypothesized that Panx1 facilitates large vessel relaxations regulating endothelium-derived hyperpolarization (EDH)-like mechanisms. The EDH-like component of acetylcholine-induced relaxation of saphenous arteries studied in isometric myograph after inhibition of NO-synthase and cyclooxygenase was significantly impaired in mice with genetically ablated Panx1 (KO) relative to that in the wild type (WT) mice.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

To investigate the association between multiple single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), aerobic performance and elite endurance athlete status in Russians. By using GWAS approach, we examined the association between 1,140,419 SNPs and relative maximal oxygen consumption rate ([Formula: see text]O2max) in 80 international-level Russian endurance athletes (46 males and 34 females). To validate obtained results, we further performed case-control studies by comparing the frequencies of the most significant SNPs (with P < 10(-5)-10(-8)) between 218 endurance athletes and opposite cohorts (192 Russian controls, 1367 European controls, and 230 Russian power athletes).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The innate immune system as one key element of immunity and a prerequisite for an adequate host defense is of emerging interest in space research to ensure crew health and thus mission success. In ground-based studies, spaceflight-associated specifics such as confinement caused altered immune functions paralleled by changes in stress hormone levels. In this study, six men were confined for 105 days to a space module of ~500 m(3) mimicking conditions of a long-term space mission.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF