New filobasidiaceous yeasts found in the phylloplane of a fern.

Nitrate-positive strains of anamorphic yeasts representing the genus Cryptococcus were isolated on fern infusion agar from Athyrium filix-femina. Phylogenetic analyses of the D1/D2 domain of the LSU rRNA and of the ITS region placed them in Cylindricus clade in the Filobasidiales. Morphological and physiological characteristics, as well as mycocinotyping and molecular analysis, show a close affinity between strains.

Rhodotorula rosulata sp. nov., Rhodotorula silvestris sp. nov. and Rhodotorula straminea sp. nov., novel myo-inositol-assimilating yeast species in the Microbotryomycetes.

Three novel species are described as Rhodotorula rosulata sp. nov. (type strain VKM Y-2962(T) =CBS 10977(T)), Rhodotorula silvestris sp.

Cryptococcus pinus sp. nov., an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast isolated from pine litter.

A novel species of the genus Cryptococcus, isolated from dead needles of Pinus sylvestris, was identified using mycocinotyping and rDNA sequence data. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the novel species was located in the Kwoniella clade of the Tremellales and was closely related to Cryptococcus dejecticola. The type strain of the novel species, Cryptococcus pinus sp.

Mycocin production in Pseudozyma tsukubaensis.

Killer activity expressed at pH values ranging from 3.5 to 6.0 was found in the ustilaginaceous yeast-like species, Pseudozyma tsukubaensis.

Cryptococcus stepposus, a new filobasidiaceous yeast species found in the Prioksko-terrasny biosphere reserve in Russia.

Mycocinotyping of cryptococci from the Prioksko-terrasny reserve (Russia) has revealed three strains that have a unique mycocin-sensitivity profile. Sequencing results of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA and of the complete ITS region placed them in the Floriforme clade of the Filobasidiales lineage (Hymenomycetes). The three strains had identical sequences, which differed from those of known Filobasidium and Cryptococcus species.

Cryptococcus silvicola nov. sp. from nature reserves of Russia and Portugal.

Nitrate-positive strains of a filobasidiaceous anamorphic yeast related to Cryptococcus cylindricus were isolated from forest litter in a Russian nature reserve and from a lichen in Portuguese one. Mycocinotyping and rDNA sequence analysis revealed that the strains represent a novel species, for which the name Cryptococcus silvicola (type strain VKM Y-2939=CBS 10099) is proposed.

Curvibasidium cygneicollum gen. nov., sp. nov. and Curvibasidium pallidicorallinum sp. nov., novel taxa in the Microbotryomycetidae (Urediniomycetes), and their relationship with Rhodotorula fujisanensis and Rhodotorula nothofagi.

Strains of Rhodotorula fujisanensis (Basidiomycota, Urediniomycetes, Microbotryomycetidae), including the type strain, are sexually compatible and produce clamped mycelium with teliospores. However, as teliospore germination had not been documented, the complete sexual cycle was not known. During the course of this work, the basidial stage of R.

Cryptococcus paraflavus sp. nov. (Tremellales), isolated from steppe plants in Russia.

Three strains related to Cryptococcus flavus were isolated from plants collected in the Prioksko-terrasny biosphere reserve (Russia). Physiological characterization, mycocinotyping, sequencing of the D1/D2 domain of the 26S rDNA and the ITS region revealed their separate taxonomic position. The name Cryptococcus paraflavus is proposed to accommodate these isolates (type strain VKM Y-2923).

Double-stranded RNA viruses in a mycocinogenic strain of Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum.

The viral particles (about 30 nm in diameter) that contain dsRNAs (2.0 and 6.3 kbp) encapsidated by a coat of protein were detected in a mycocin-secreting strain of Cystofilobasidium infirmominiatum isolated from plants in an oak forest (Moscow region).

Mycocin production in Trichosporon pullulans populations colonizing tree exudates in the spring.

Mycocin production was demonstrated in Trichosporon pullulans, which is a dominant member of the yeast community in tree exudates released in the early spring (spring sap). Mycocin synthesis was associated with dsRNA-containing virus-like particles. Natural strains of Tr.

Green and brown colour effects in tremellaceous yeast fungi on Staib agar.

Fifty-eight species of basidiomycetous yeast fungi were examined for green and brown colour effects (GCE, BCE) on Staib agar (Guizotia abyssinica creatinine agar). In addition to 9% of Cryptococcus laurentii strains tested, only Cryptococcus podzolicus was GCE-positive. Out of 14 strains of this species, 13 showed a GCE and four showed a BCE.

Mastigobasidium, a new teleomorphic genus for the perfect state of ballistosporous yeast Bensingtonia intermedia.

A new genus, Mastigobasidium, is proposed for teliospore-forming, xylose-lacking, ballistosporogenous, glucuronate-positive yeasts. The distinguishing features of the genus are: germination of the teliospore by several long aseptate hyphae; curved phragmometabasidia development on the apices of these hyphae; and production of basidiospores on a peg in clusters. The type strain of heterothallic, nitrate-negative species Mastigobasidium intermedium is VKM Y-2720T (Bullera intermedia type strain) and the allotype strain is VKM Y-2727AL (Sporobolomyces weijmanii type strain).

Killer activity of Tilletiopsis albescens Gokhale: taxonomic and phylogenetic implication.

Killer activity expressed at pH values ranging from 3.5 to 8.0 was found in the Tilletiopsis albescens VKM-2822.

Perfect state of Rhodomyces dendrorhous (Phaffia rhodozyma).

After mother-daughter cell conjugation, formation of long holobasidia with terminal basidiospores was observed without mycelium production in Rhodomyces dendrorhous (including the type strain of Phaffia rhodozyma) on polyol-containing media. Basidiospores are not forcibly discharged and germinate by budding. A new genus Xanthophyllomyces (Filobasidiaceae, Tremellales) with a species, X.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa 142 uses a three-component ortho-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase for metabolism of 2,4-dichloro- and 2-chlorobenzoate.

Cell extracts of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 142, which was previously isolated from a polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading consortium, were shown to degrade 2,4-dichlorobenzoate, 2-chlorobenzoate, and a variety of other substituted ortho-halobenzoates by a reaction that requires oxygen, NADH, Fe(II), and flavin adenine dinucleotide. By using extracts that were chromatographically depleted of chlorocatechol and catechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities, products of the initial reaction with 2,4- or 2,5-dichlorobenzoate and 2-chlorobenzoate were identified by mass spectrometry as 4-chlorocatechol and catechol. In contrast to the well-characterized benzoate dioxygenases or the recently described 2-halobenzoate 1,2-dioxygenase from P.