32 results match your criteria: "Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research[Affiliation]"

Background: There have been no epidemiological studies of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Central Asia.

Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of, and risk factors for, MCI in an urban population in Kazakhstan.

Methods: Adults aged 60 years and over were randomly selected from registers of 15 polyclinics in Almaty.

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We tested the hypothesis that increased dietary fish oil levels (via modulation of the production of inflammatory mediators) modulate sickness symptoms (i.e., anorexia, cachexia, fever, lethargy) of systemic and local inflammation.

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Sickness behavior in mice deficient in interleukin-6 during turpentine abscess and influenza pneumonitis.

Am J Physiol

February 1997

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, The Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), among other cytokines, is thought to be involved in the regulation of sickness behavior (e.g., anorexia, cachexia, fever, and lethargy) induced by infections bacterial and viral origin) and sterile tissue necrosis (burns and surgical traumas).

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Exacerbated febrile responses to LPS, but not turpentine, in TNF double receptor-knockout mice.

Am J Physiol

February 1997

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, The Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

We examined the effects of injections of systemic [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 2.5 mg/kg or 50 pg/kg ip] or local (turpentine, 100 microl sc) inflammatory stimuli on fever, motor activity, body weight, and food intake in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) double receptor (TNFR)-knockout mice. A high dose of LPS resulted in exacerbated fevers in TNFR-knockout mice compared with wild-type mice for the early phase of fever (3-15 h); the late phase of fever (16-24 h) and fevers to a low dose of LPS were similar in both groups.

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Photorepair of ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced pyrimidine dimers in lens epithelial DNA of Monodelphis domestica.

Photochem Photobiol

January 1997

Photomedicine Program, Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.

The repair of UV radiation-induced pyrimidine dimers has been measured in lens epithelial DNA of the marsupial Monodelphis domestica using a pyrimidine dimer-specific endonuclease from Micrococcus luteus. Approximately 40% of the initially induced dimers were repaired during 90 min exposures to photoreactivating light. This capacity of the lens epithelium to photorepair pyrimidine dimers may provide a means with which to determine whether pyrimidine dimers in lens epithelial DNA are involved in UV radiation-induced pathologic changes of the lens.

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IL-1 type I receptor mediates acute phase response to turpentine, but not lipopolysaccharide, in mice.

Am J Physiol

December 1996

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

This study examined the role of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) type I receptor (IL-1RtI) in the acute phase response (APR) to inflammation in mice. Turpentine (100 microliters/mouse) injected subcutaneously induced fever, lethargy, body weight loss, and anorexia in IL-1RtI wild-type mice. Knockout mice lacking the IL-1RtI were resistant to these effects of turpentine, supporting a role for this receptor in the APR to local inflammation.

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Effect of chronic exposure to ultraviolet radiation and photoreactivation on life span and tumor development in the marsupial Monodelphis domestica.

Radiat Res

August 1996

Center for Photomedicine, Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

The effect of exposure to chronic ultraviolet (UV) radiation on life span was examined in Monodelphis domestica, which is capable of photoreactivation repair of UV-radiation-induced pyrimidine dimers. Shaved Monodelphis were exposed to 500 J/m2 UV radiation, 500 J/m2 UV radiation then 90 min of photoreactivating light (PRL), or 90 min of PRL three times weekly for 104 weeks. Opossums were weighed weekly; samples for serum chemistry and hematology testing were obtained periodically.

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G-protein coupling of muscarinic receptors in adult and neonatal rat submandibular cells.

J Cell Physiol

July 1996

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

The submandibular glands of neonatal and adult rats express muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Receptor occupancy initiates signaling through activation of phospholipase C, hydrolysis of inositol phospholipids, and calcium mobilization. The increased cytoplasmic [Ca2+] activates ion transport pathways, resulting in secretion of primary saliva.

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Muscarinic cholinergic stimulation of submandibular acinar cells results in the activation of Ca(2+)-dependent ion-transport pathways responsible for the secretion of primary saliva. Decreased saliva production is common among elderly people and may compromise oral health with implications for systemic health, nutrition, and quality of life. The density and affinity of muscarinic receptors in the submandibular gland of rats and the Ca2+ responses to stimulation of these receptors in the acinar cells were examined.

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The purpose of these studies was to assess the involvement of beta-adrenoceptors in the development of psychological stress-induced elevation in body temperature (Tb) and rise in circulating interleukin-6 (IL-6). We selected three drugs to attempt to block the rise in body temperature and plasma IL-6; L-propranolol, D-propranolol and nadolol. Both stereoisomers of propranolol have "local anesthetic' membrane-stabilizing activity and are capable of penetrating into the brain.

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Animal models of melanoma.

Cancer Surv

December 1996

Center for Photomedicine, Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, The Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.

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Thermal and behavioral effects of lipopolysaccharide and influenza in interleukin-1 beta-deficient mice.

Am J Physiol

November 1995

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

This study characterized body temperature (Tb), locomotor activity (Act), and feeding behavior under normal conditions and following injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or inoculation with live influenza virus of transgenic C57/black mice deficient in interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta). Tb and Act in freely moving mice were measured by biotelemetry. Mice deficient in IL-1 beta had normal circadian rhythm of Tb but were less active than their control counterparts.

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Central vascular flow patterns in the alligator Alligator mississipiensis.

Am J Physiol

November 1995

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

Many different flow patterns have been described through the central circulation of crocodilian reptiles. We tested the hypothesis that the vagus nerve stimulation promotes right-to-left (R-L) shunting in the alligator. Flow patterns were investigated before and during stimulation of the intact left vagus nerve using three methods.

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Changes in muscle proton transverse relaxation times and acidosis during exercise and recovery.

J Appl Physiol (1985)

October 1995

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

We studied changes in muscle proton (1H) transverse relaxation times (T2) by magnetic resonance imaging during exercise and compared these changes with alterations in muscle metabolism measured by phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS). Eleven subjects completed two trials of intermittent incremental forearm wrist flexion exercise requiring 30 contractions/min for 5 min, 7 min of recovery between stages, and 5-N load increments/stage. Between stages of the first trial, T2 images of muscle 1H were obtained.

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Lymphatic regulation of hematocrit during hypoxia in the toad Bufo woodhousei.

Am J Physiol

October 1995

Cardiopulmonary Physiology Program, Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

Hypoxia rapidly increases hematocrit (Hct) in anuran amphibians by reducing plasma volume, but the mechanism(s) mediating this response is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that, during hypoxia, plasma volume is reduced by impaired lymph heart (LH) function, decreasing lymph flow into the circulation. In Bufo woodhousei, we measured the effects of hypoxia on Hct, lymph heart rate (LHR), LH pressure, the movement of dye from the dorsal lymph sac to the arterial blood, and flow through an open LH cannula.

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Dithiothreitol (DTT) activation of the adhesive function of several different integrins suggests the existence of a common DTT-sensitive integrin regulatory element. Ui11/E3, a natural killer (NK) cell-resistant murine target cell line genetically engineered to constitutively express human intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; CD54) was used in a flow cytometric experimental model to evaluate DTT effects on the NK cell integrin adhesion molecule, leukocyte function antigen-1 (LFA-1; alpha L beta 2, CD11a/CD18). DTT and several structurally related dithiol compounds elicited a dramatic elevation in conjugate formation that was dependent on target cell ICAM-1 expression, was blocked by LFA-1 alpha L or beta 2 chain-specific antibodies, and occurred in the absence of Ui11/E3 target cell exposure to DTT or quantitative changes in NK cell membrane LFA-1 expression.

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Body temperature, motor activity, and feeding behavior of mice treated with beta-chlornaltrexamine.

Physiol Behav

August 1995

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA.

The effects of an irreversible long term opioid antagonism on circadian rhythms in body temperature (Tb), locomotor activity (Act) and feeding under normal conditions and following lipopolysaccharide administration (LPS; 2.5 mg/kg) have been investigated in unrestrained mice housed at their thermoneutral zone (30 degrees C). beta-chlornaltrexamine (beta-CNA; 5 mg/kg) given intraperitoneally decreased Tb on the day of injection, depressed Act, and reduced food and water intake for several days.

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Cytokines and fever.

Neuroimmunomodulation

December 1996

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, N.Mex., USA.

Fever is an excellent example of neuroimmunomodulation in that mediators of immunity initiate a pathway to raise the thermoregulatory set-point, resulting in behavioral and physiological responses that increase body temperature. This rise in temperature is thought to be adaptive, facilitating host defenses. Many cytokines are endogenous mediators of fever (i.

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TNF soluble receptor and antiserum against TNF enhance lipopolysaccharide fever in mice.

Am J Physiol

July 1995

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

We tested the effects of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) soluble receptor (sTNFR) and anti-TNF serum (anti-TNF) administered intraperitoneally on fever induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Both agents have been shown to block bioactivity of mouse TNF-alpha. Core temperature (Tb) and locomotor activity in unrestrained mice were measured by biotelemetry.

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Role of epinephrine in TNF and IL-6 production from isolated perfused rat liver.

Am J Physiol

April 1995

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.

A bidirectional communication exists between the nervous system and the immune system. Evidence has accumulated suggesting that cytokines-immune peptides influence sympathetic neuronal survival and that cytokines can promote the secretion of catecholamines. Using an isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) preparation, we have shown that the liver is an important source of circulating cytokines in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and that corticosterone dose dependently influenced LPS-induced production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).

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Role of corticosterone in TNF and IL-6 production in isolated perfused rat liver.

Am J Physiol

March 1995

Institute for Basic and Applied Medical Research, Lovelace Institutes, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108.

Using an isolated perfused rat liver (IPRL) preparation, we assessed whether corticosterone may contribute to the rise in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in rats after injection with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or exposure to psychological stress. Intravenous infusion of LPS into the IPRL led to dose-dependent increases in TNF and IL-6 concentrations in the effluent. Anisomycin, a protein synthesis inhibitor, completely blocked the rise in TNF and IL-6 concentration in the IPRL effluent, supporting the hypothesis that the synthesis (or release) of these cytokines was dependent on protein synthesis.

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The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) limits fever induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats and to determine whether such antipyretic action of this cytokine is outside or inside the central nervous system (CNS). The CNS effects on LPS-induced fever were tested by injecting a subpyrogenic amount (0.20 microgram) of human recombinant TNF (hrTNF) intracerebroventricularly or by slowly infusing into the anterior hypothalamus an amount previously measured in this brain region during LPS fever (0.

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