Prospective multi-centre analysis of rural trauma team development training for medical trainees and traffic law enforcement professionals in Uganda: an interrupted time series study.

Background: Research shows that trauma team formation could potentially improve effectiveness of injury care in rural settings. The aim of this study was to determine the feasibility of rural trauma team training amongst medical trainees and traffic law enforcement professionals in Uganda.

Methods: Prospective multi-centre interrupted time series analysis of an interventional training based on the 4th edition of rural trauma team development course of the American College of Surgeons.

Risk of stroke associated with proton pump inhibitor use among individuals with and without pre-existing cardiovascular diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are commonly used for managing gastroesophageal disorders but concerns about their potential association with increased stroke risk have emerged, especially among patients with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions such as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the risk of stroke associated with PPI use, stratified by the presence or absence of pre-existing CVD.

Methods: This review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and included studies up to March 2024 from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science.

Cannabis consumption and risk of asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Cannabis is the third most widely used psychoactive substance globally, and its consumption has been increasing, particularly with the growing trend of legalization for medicinal and recreational use. Recent studies have raised concerns about the potential impact of cannabis on respiratory health, specifically the risk of asthma, a significant public health concern. This systematic review aimed to consolidate research on the association between cannabis use and the risk of asthma.

Comparison of the incidence of proteinuria and changes in eGFR among febuxostat and topiroxostat users.

Background: Febuxostat and topiroxostat are non-purine selective xanthine oxidoreductase inhibitors commonly used for hyperuricaemia treatment in Japan. However, comparative data on the effects of febuxostat and topiroxostat on renal function and proteinuria are limited. This study compared proteinuria incidence and changes in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) among prevalent febuxostat and topiroxostat users.

The value of MRI in differentiating ovarian clear cell carcinoma from other adnexal masses with O-RADS MRI scores of 4-5.

Objective: To assess the utility of clinical and MRI features in distinguishing ovarian clear cell carcinoma (CCC) from adnexal masses with ovarian-adnexal reporting and data system (O-RADS) MRI scores of 4-5.

Methods: This retrospective study included 850 patients with indeterminate adnexal masses on ultrasound. Two radiologists evaluated all preoperative MRIs using the O-RADS MRI risk stratification system.

Contrasting drought sensitivity of Eurasian and North American grasslands.

Extreme droughts generally decrease productivity in grassland ecosystems with negative consequences for nature's contribution to people. The extent to which this negative effect varies among grassland types and over time in response to multi-year extreme drought remains unclear. Here, using a coordinated distributed experiment that simulated four years of growing-season drought (around 66% rainfall reduction), we compared drought sensitivity within and among six representative grasslands spanning broad precipitation gradients in each of Eurasia and North America-two of the Northern Hemisphere's largest grass-dominated regions.

The representation of stimulus features during stable fixation and active vision.

Predictive updating of an object's spatial coordinates from pre-saccade to post-saccade contributes to stable visual perception. Whether object features are predictively remapped remains contested. We set out to characterise the spatiotemporal dynamics of feature processing during stable fixation and active vision.

Systematic Literature Review on Public Health Impacts of Persistent Tic Disorders: Health Care Needs and Health Care Use.

This study describes our systematic literature review documenting outcomes associated with persistent tic disorders (PTDs) and summarizes 15 articles comparing health care use between individuals with PTDs and a comparison group without PTDs. Only 2 studies included adults and only one study stratified findings by sociodemographic characteristics, precluding conclusions on health care disparities. Most children with PTDs had access to routine care, similar to children without PTDs, but needed and used more specialty health care, including mental health services, compared to children without PTDs.

Differential attainment at national selection for higher surgical training: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: National selection for higher surgical specialty training (HST) in the UK is a high-stakes gatekeeping assessment. If barriers, such as differential attainment, exist at HST selection for some groups and not others, then this will have a significant and lasting impact on trainees' career progression and the diversity of the workforce, which should reflect the population it provides care for. The objective of this study was to characterise the relationship between candidate sociodemographic factors and performance at National Selection for HST in the UK.

Optimizing interventional therapy: A homogeneous lipiodol formulation of Tirapazamine and Sorafenib responsive to post-embolization microenvironment.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the principal treatment option for patients with unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the hypoxic microenvironment following TACE can promote angiogenesis and suppress tumor ferroptosis, resulting in an unfavorable prognosis. Tirapazamine (TPZ), a hypoxia-activated prodrug with specific cytotoxicity for hypoxic cells, making it a potential candidate for TACE.

Tensor neural networks for high-dimensional Fokker-Planck equations.

We solve high-dimensional steady-state Fokker-Planck equations on the whole space by applying tensor neural networks. The tensor networks are a linear combination of tensor products of one-dimensional feedforward networks or a linear combination of several selected radial basis functions. The use of tensor feedforward networks allows us to efficiently exploit auto-differentiation (in physical variables) in major Python packages while using radial basis functions can fully avoid auto-differentiation, which is rather expensive in high dimensions.

Experiences of Nurse Managers in the 2023 Kahramanmaras, Turkey Earthquakes: A Qualitative Study.

Background: Nurse managers play a critical role in disaster response and management; yet research on their experiences in earthquakes remains limited.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the experiences of nurse managers in the Kahramanmaras, Turkey, earthquakes.

Methods: A phenomenological approach was used to guide this study, exploring the lived experiences of nurse managers who worked during the 2023 earthquakes in Kahramanmaras, Turkey.

The role of oscillations in grid cells' toroidal topology.

Persistent homology applied to the activity of grid cells in the Medial Entorhinal Cortex suggests that this activity lies on a toroidal manifold. By analyzing real data and a simple model, we show that neural oscillations play a key role in the appearance of this toroidal topology. To quantitatively monitor how changes in spike trains influence the topology of the data, we first define a robust measure for the degree of toroidality of a dataset.

RGB sensor integrated into unmanned aerial vehicle for monitoring cyanobacterial density in reservoirs.

The proliferation of cyanobacteria has become a significant water management challenge due to the increasing eutrophication of water supply reservoirs. Cyanobacterial blooms thrive on elevated nutrient concentrations and form extensive green mats, disrupting the local ecosystem. Furthermore, many cyanobacterial species can produce toxins that are lethal to vertebrates called cyanotoxins.

Generative artificial intelligence enables the generation of bone scintigraphy images and improves generalization of deep learning models in data-constrained environments.

Purpose: Advancements of deep learning in medical imaging are often constrained by the limited availability of large, annotated datasets, resulting in underperforming models when deployed under real-world conditions. This study investigated a generative artificial intelligence (AI) approach to create synthetic medical images taking the example of bone scintigraphy scans, to increase the data diversity of small-scale datasets for more effective model training and improved generalization.

Methods: We trained a generative model on Tc-bone scintigraphy scans from 9,170 patients in one center to generate high-quality and fully anonymized annotated scans of patients representing two distinct disease patterns: abnormal uptake indicative of (i) bone metastases and (ii) cardiac uptake indicative of cardiac amyloidosis.

Revolutionising Osseous Biopsy: The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in the Era of Personalised Medicine.

In a rapidly evolving healthcare environment, artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming diagnostic techniques and personalised medicine. This is also seen in osseous biopsies. AI applications in radiomics, histopathology, predictive modelling, biopsy navigation, and interdisciplinary communication are reshaping how bone biopsies are conducted and interpreted.

The key role of the NUDT3 gene in lung adenocarcinoma progression and its association with the manganese ion metabolism family.

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Its complex molecular mechanisms and high tumor heterogeneity pose significant challenges for clinical treatment. The manganese ion metabolism family plays a crucial role in various biological processes, and the abnormal expression of the NUDT3 gene in multiple cancers has drawn considerable attention.

Characterization of the host specificity of the SH3 cell wall binding domain of the staphylococcal phage 88 endolysin.

Bacteriophages produce endolysins at the end of the lytic cycle, which are crucial for lysing the host cells and releasing virion progeny. This lytic feature allows endolysins to act as effective antimicrobial alternatives when applied exogenously. Staphylococcal endolysins typically possess a modular structure with one or two enzymatically active N-terminal domains (EADs) and a C-terminal cell wall binding domain (CBD).

Stereoselective Reaction Enabling Simultaneous Analysis of Carbon-Carbon Double-Bond Configuration and the Position of Monounsaturated Fatty Acids through UHPLC-ESI-MRM-MS.

Monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) are an important class of nutrients and are involved in lipid metabolism. The positions of the C=C bond and cis-trans isomerism have a significant influence on their physiological activity. However, simultaneously detecting these two structural properties has been challenging due to multiple isomers of MUFA.

A Deep Learning Framework for Automated Classification and Archiving of Orthodontic Diagnostic Documents.

Background Orthodontic diagnostic workflows often rely on manual classification and archiving of large volumes of patient images, a process that is both time-consuming and prone to errors such as mislabeling and incomplete documentation. These challenges can compromise treatment accuracy and overall patient care. To address these issues, we propose an artificial intelligence (AI)-driven deep learning framework based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to automate the classification and archiving of orthodontic diagnostic images.

Quality of care delivery in patients with acute heart failure: insights from the international REPORT-HF registry.

Background: Heart Failure (HF) quality of care (QoC) is associated with clinical outcomes. Therefore, we investigated differences in HF QoC across worldwide regions (with differing national income) and the association of quality indicators with outcomes.

Methods: We examined the quality of care (QoC) in acute heart failure (HF) patients across different regions using quality indicators (QIs) from the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the American Heart Association (AHA) to evaluate QoC.

Evaluation of antihistamine-refractory chronic urticaria patients who used biological agent treatment in terms of cardiovascular risk.

Introduction: The idea that chronic inflammatory processes may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of both treatment - refractory chronic spontaneous urticaria and cardiovascular diseases is an important research topic.

Aim: Within the scope of this research, we aimed to elucidate a new perspective on the follow-up of chronic urticaria patients by evaluating the 10-year cardiovascular risk and metabolic syndrome in resistant chronic spontaneous urticaria patients who were unresponsive to maximum antihistamine treatment.

Material And Methods: A total of 170 individuals who applied to our institution's Health Science University, Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, allergy and immunology outpatient clinic have been analysed in this retrospective case-control study.

PSSKB: A Web Application to Study Protein Structures.

The proteins expressed during the cell cycle determine cell function and ensure signaling pathway activation in response to environmental influences. Developments in structural biology, biophysics, and bioinformatics provide information on the structure and function of particular proteins including that on the structural changes in proteins due to post-translational modification (PTM) and amino acid substitutions (AAS), which is essential for understanding protein function and life cycle. These are PTMs and AASs that often modulate the function and alter the stability and localization of a protein in a cell.

Enhancing surveillance for dengue fever in Oyo State, Nigeria - a one health approach.

Background: Dengue fever (DF) poses a growing global threat, necessitating a comprehensive one-health approach to address its complex interplay between human, animal, and environmental factors. In Oyo State, Nigeria, the true burden of DF remains unknown due to underdiagnosis and misdiagnosis as malaria, exacerbated by poor health-seeking behavior, weak surveillance systems, and inadequate health infrastructure. Adopting a one-health approach is crucial to understanding the dynamics of DF transmission.