Rapid and Visual Identification of With Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Method.

is a kind of common poisonous mushroom in China that is widely distributed in different areas. Food poisoning caused by accidentally eating has become more frequent in recent years. In 2019, there were 55 food poisoning incidents caused by eating this mushroom in China.

Nephrotoxicity and possible mechanisms of decabrominated diphenyl ethers (BDE-209) exposure to kidney in broilers.

The flame retardant decabrominated diphenyl ether (BDE-209) is a widely used chemical in a variety of products and exists extensively in the environment. BDE-209 has been reported to induce kidney injury and dysfunction. However, the causes and mechanisms of its nephrotoxicity are still under investigation.

Patatin primary structural properties and effects on lipid metabolism.

Patatin, the major protein found in potatoes, was purified and shows several isoforms. The essential amino acid content of patatin was ashighas 76%, indicating that it is a valuable protein source. Patatin was an O-linked glycoprotein that contained fucose monosaccharides, as well as mannose, rhamnose, glucose, galactose, xylose, and arabinose.

Single-wall carbon nanotubes improve cell survival rate and reduce oxidative injury in cryopreservation of embryogenic callus.

Background: Cryopreservation is the best way for long-term in vitro preservation of plant germplasm resources. The preliminary studies found that reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced oxidative stress and ice-induced membrane damage are the fundamental causes of cell death in cryopreserved samples. How to improve plant cryopreservation survival rate is an important scientific issue in the cryobiology field.

Four new sesquiterpene lactones from Atractylodes macrocephala and their CREB agonistic activities.

One new bisesquiterpenoid, biepiasreorlid II (1), three new sesquiterpene lactones 8α-methoxy-epiasterolid (4), 3β-acetoxyl-8-epiasterolid (5), and 3β-acetoxyl-atractylenolide I (6), along with five known analogues (2-3 and 7-9), were obtained from rhizome of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz. All structures were assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic analyses. The absolute configuration of 1 was established by the analysis of single-crystal X-ray diffraction with Ga Kα radiation, and 4-6 were elucidated by TDDFT-ECD calculations.

Assessing the combined toxicity effects of three neonicotinoid pesticide mixtures on human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH and lepidopteran Sf-9 cells.

Neonicotinoid insecticides have been widely used in plant protection against pests worldwide. Generally, more than one neonicotinoids are detected in plants and foods, and such mixtures may show combined toxicity and increase the risk for both insects and higher organisms. In this study, the combined toxicity of imidacloprid (IM), acetamiprid (AC) and thiamethoxam (TH) was investigated using human neuroblastoma cell line (SK-N-SH) and lepidopteran cell line (Sf-9).

[Application of capillary electrophoresis in enzyme inhibitors screening from natural products].

As aberrant enzyme functions are often closely associated with various diseases, enzymes represent one of the most important drug target groups. Historically, natural products have been the most productive sources for drug discovery. However, the complexity of the components leads to a bottleneck in separation and purification, thus restricting activity-based drug screening.

Individual and combined cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin and its four metabolites on porcine Leydig cells.

T-2 toxin, one of the most toxic mycotoxins, is commonly presented along with its metabolites, HT-2 toxin, neosolaniol (NEO), T-2 triol, and T-2 tetraol in foodstuff and feed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin alone and in combination with its metabolites on porcine Leydig cells. Based on the determination of cell viability with CCK-8, toxicological interactions were investigated using Combination Index method.

Soil properties, presence of microorganisms, application dose, soil moisture and temperature influence the degradation rate of Allyl isothiocyanate in soil.

Allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) is a soil fumigant derived from plants that can effectively control soil-borne diseases. Fully understanding the impact of various factors on its degradation can contribute to its effectiveness against pests and diseases. First, orthogonal design determined the extraction method of AITC in soil, that is using ethyl acetate as the extraction reagent, vortexing for 1 min as the extraction method and holding for 30 min as the method time.

T-2 Toxin-Induced Oxidative Stress Leads to Imbalance of Mitochondrial Fission and Fusion to Activate Cellular Apoptosis in the Human Liver 7702 Cell Line.

T-2 toxin, as a highly toxic mycotoxin to humans and animals, induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in various cells and tissues. Apoptosis and mitochondrial fusion/fission are two tightly interconnected processes that are crucial for maintaining physiological homeostasis. However, the role of mitochondrial fusion/fission in apoptosis of T-2 toxin remains unknown.

Species Composition and Toxigenic Potential of Isolates Causing Fruit Rot of Sweet Pepper in China.

Apart from causing serious yield losses, various kinds of mycotoxins may be accumulated in plant tissues infected by strains. Fusarium mycotoxin contamination is one of the most important concerns in the food safety field nowadays. However, limited information on the causal agents, etiology, and mycotoxin production of this disease is available on pepper in China.

Identification and quantification of anthocyanins in purple-fleshed sweet potato leaves.

As phytochemical-enriched edible greens, sweet potato () leaves have become popular. However, the profile and content of phytochemicals in sweet potato leaves are mostly unknown. We previously bred a purple-fleshed sweet potato P40 that demonstrated cancer prevention due to high levels of anthocyanins in the tuberous roots.

Inhibitory Effect of Volatiles Emitted From N1-4 on and Aflatoxins in Storage.

Controlling aflatoxigenic and aflatoxins (AFs) in grains and food during storage is a great challenge to humans worldwide. N1-4 isolated from tea rhizosphere soil can produce abundant antifungal volatiles, and greatly inhibited the growth of in un-contacted face-to-face dual culture testing. Gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry revealed that dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) and methyl isovalerate (MI) were two abundant compounds in the volatile profiles of N1-4.

YSK and SK type dehydrins from Agapanthus praecox can improve plant stress tolerance and act as multifunctional protectants.

Two dehydrins from Agapanthus praecox (ApYSK and ApSK) show important protective effects under complex stresses. Both ApYSK and ApSK contain one intron and consist of a full-length cDNA of 981 bp and 1057 bp encoding 186 and 215 amino acids, respectively. ApYSK and ApSK transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana show reduced plasma membrane damage and ROS levels and higher antioxidant activity and photosynthesis capability under salt, osmotic, cold and drought stresses compared with the wild-type.

A Rapid Method for Detection of in Milk Based on Extraction of mRNA Using Magnetic Capture Probes and RT-qPCR.

Magnetic separation is an efficient method for target enrichment and elimination of inhibitors in the molecular detection systems for foodborne pathogens. In this study, we prepared magnetic capture probes by modifying oligonucleotides complementary to target sequences on the surface of amino-modified silica-coated magnetic nanoparticles and optimized the conditions and parameters of probe synthesis and hybridization. We innovatively put the complexes of magnetic capture probes and target sequences into qPCR without any need for denaturation and purification steps.

Bioaccumulation and toxicity of methoxychlor on Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

Chinese mitten crab, a featured macrobenthos, has been one of the most important economical aquatic species in China. This study assessed the accumulation of an organochlorine pesticide methoxychlor (MXC) in Chinese mitten crab during exposure to 1 mg/L of MXC. The results showed the residual concentration of MXC in the ovary and hepatopancreas reached 55.

Toxic Effects and Possible Mechanisms of Deoxynivalenol Exposure on Sperm and Testicular Damage in BALB/c Mice.

Deoxynivalenol (DON, vomitoxin) is the most common mycotoxin in cereals and grains. DON contamination can cause a serious health threat to humans and farm animals. DON has been reported to exert significant toxicity effects on the male reproductive system.

Effect of sublethal concentrations of ceftriaxone on antibiotic susceptibility of multiple antibiotic-resistant Salmonella strains.

The aim of this study was to determine whether sublethal concentrations of ceftriaxone could alter antibiotic resistance patterns in Salmonella strains. Three multiple antibiotic-resistant Salmonella isolates and the control strain ATCC 13076 were subjected to induction experiments by stepwise increases in sublethal concentrations of ceftriaxone. Sublethal levels of ceftriaxone induced antibiotic resistance but not control Salmonella isolates to ceftriaxone and to other antibiotics.

Bioaccumulation, tissue distribution and joint toxicity of erythromycin and cadmium in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis).

The bioaccumulation of erythromycin (ETM) and cadmium (Cd) in Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) and subsequent toxicity on pathological changes and enzymatic activities were investigated during 21-day exposure to ETM, Cd, and Cd + ETM mixture. The bioaccumulation of Cd and ETM residues in crab tissues decreased as gill > hepatopancreas > muscle > ovary, with higher Cd bioaccumulation than ETM. The highest Cd bioaccumulation in crab reached 1.

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis from Retail Chicken Products in Shanghai, China.

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is the leading global cause of salmonellosis. A total of 146 Salmonella Enteritidis isolates obtained from retail chicken products in Shanghai, China were characterized for their antimicrobial susceptibilities, virulence and antibiotic resistance gene profiles, and molecular subtypes using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Approximately 42% (61/146) of the isolates were susceptible to all 13 antimicrobials tested.

Correction to: Transcriptome profiling of genes related to light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) before purple color becomes evident.

After publication of the original article [1] it was noted that in Additional file 1: Table S1, and Fig. 1, specific primer sequences were incorrect, and taken from Sme2.5_02154.

Genetic and Virulent Difference Between Pigmented and Non-pigmented .

Staphyloxanthin (STX), a golden carotenoid pigment produced by , is suggested to act as an important virulence factor due to its antioxidant properties. Restraining biosynthesis of STX was considered as an indicator of virulence decline in pigmented isolates. However, it is not clear whether natural non-pigmented isolates have less virulence than pigmented ones.

Transcriptome profiling of genes related to light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) before purple color becomes evident.

Background: The anthocyanins are highly enriched in eggplants (Solanum melongena L.) with purple peel. However, our previous study showed that anthocyanins biosynthesis in eggplant cultivar 'Lanshan Hexian' was completely regulated by light and color becomes evident at most 2 days after exposure to light.

Reduced Graphene Oxide-Gold Nanoparticle Nanoframework as a Highly Selective Separation Material for Aflatoxins.

Graphene-based materials have been studied in many applications, owing to the excellent electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties of graphene. In the current study, an environmentally friendly approach to the preparation of a reduced graphene oxide-gold nanoparticle (rGO-AuNP) nanocomposite was developed by using L-cysteine and vitamin C as reductants under mild reaction conditions. The rGO-AuNP material showed a highly selective separation ability for 6 naturally occurring aflatoxins, which are easily adsorbed onto traditional graphene materials but are difficult to be desorbed.