Bavachin stimulates ferroptosis and reduces malignant phenotype progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells by inducing lipid peroxidation by modulation of the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.

Background: The mechanism of ferroptosis is primarily driven by the iron-dependent lethal accumulation of membrane lipid peroxidation. Bavachin has been found to exacerbate lipid peroxidation in cancer cells; however, whether it hinders hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) progression by way of ferroptosis remains unknown.

Methods: Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to measure the effect of Bavachin on the viability of HCC cells, so as to determine the appropriate drug concentration for subsequent experiments.

Effects of different orchard tree pruning residues on the yield and nutrient composition of .

Introduction: As the scale of cultivation expands, challenges such as substrate shortages and rising production costs in mushroom cultivation have become increasingly prominent. Fruit tree pruning residue has the potential to serve as an alternative substrate, offering a sustainable solution. This study evaluates the feasibility of incorporating various types of fruit tree pruning residues into cultivation.

Effect of Gentamicin-Loaded Calcium Phosphate Coating and Polymeric Coating on the Degradation Properties of Biodegradable Iron-Based Biomaterials.

In the past decades, iron has been one of the intensively studied biodegradable metals due to its suitable mechanical properties, but it suffers from slow degradation in a physiological environment and low bioactivity. In this work, the beneficial properties of ceramic and polymer coatings were merged to enhance the corrosion properties and biological compatibility of Fe-based biomaterials. A new bilayer coating for Fe-based biomaterials that speeds up degradation while offering controlled, localized drug release to prevent infections was prepared.

Exploring micronutrients and microbiome synergy: pioneering new paths in cancer therapy.

The human microbiome is the complex ecosystem consisting of trillions of microorganisms that play a key role in developing the immune system and nutrient metabolism. Alterations in the gut microbiome have been linked to cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, and response to treatment. Accumulating evidence suggests that levels of vitamins and minerals influence the gut environment and may have implications for cancer risk and progression.

A Self-Cascading Catalytic Therapy and Antigen Capture Scaffold-Mediated T Cells Augments for Postoperative Brain Immunotherapy.

The recruitment of T lymphocytes holds great potential for suppressing the most aggressive glioblastoma (GBM) recurrence with immunotherapy. However, the phenomenon of immune privilege and the generally low immunogenicity of vaccines often reduce the presence of lymphocytes within brain tumors, especially in brain tumor recurrence clusters. In this study, an implantable self-cascading catalytic therapy and antigen capture scaffold (CAS) that can boost catalytic therapy efficiency at post-surgery brain tumor and capture the antigens via urethane-polyethylene glycol-polypropylene glycol (PU-EO-PO) segments are developed for postoperative brain immunotherapy.

Redox potential tuning by calcium ions in a novel c-type cytochrome from an anammox organism.

The electrochemical potentials of redox-active proteins need to be tuned accurately to the correct values for proper biological function. Here, we describe a diheme cytochrome c with high heme redox potentials of about +350 mV, despite having a large overall negative charge, which typically reduces redox potentials. High-resolution crystal structures, spectroelectrochemical measurements, and high-end computational methods show how this is achieved: each heme iron has a calcium cation positioned next to it at a distance of only 6.

Mobilization of porewater Pb and Zn in response to seasonal wetting and drying within contaminated floodplains.

The mobility and bioavailability of metal contaminants such as lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) is impacted by their interactions with other sediment constituents such as iron (Fe), sulfur (S), and organic matter, which depend on sediment redox conditions. Understanding the role that water level fluctuations have on redox conditions and subsequent impacts on metal mobility is critical for predicting impacts of increased wetting and drying cycles resulting from climate-related changes or management actions. This study measured the sediment-porewater partitioning of Pb and Zn in the Coeur d'Alene River basin downstream of the Bunker Hill Superfund Site under both flooded and seasonally dry conditions.

Etched CoFe Prussian blue analog nanozymes with superior peroxidase activity for colorimetric biosensing of hydrogen peroxide and dopamine.

Nanozymes represent a compelling alternative to natural enzymes due to their exceptional stability and cost-efficiency in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. In this work, a nanozyme etched CoFe Prussian blue analog (etched PBA) was designed and fabricated by a simple approach involving first synthesizing CoFe PBA and then chemical etching. The fabricated etched PBA acts as a peroxidase mimic catalyst.

Incorporation of metal-doped silicate microparticles into collagen scaffolds combines chemical and architectural cues for endochondral bone healing.

Regeneration of large bone defects remains a clinical challenge until today. While existing biomaterials are predominantly addressing bone healing via direct, intramembranous ossification (IO), bone tissue formation via a cartilage phase, so-called endochondral ossification (EO) has been shown to be a promising alternative strategy. However, pure biomaterial approaches for EO induction are sparse and the knowledge how material components can have bioactive contribution to the required cartilage formation is limited.

Microbial biomass stoichiometry and proportion of Fe organic complexes separately shape the heterogeneity of mixotrophic denitrification and net NO sinks in iron-carbon amended ecological ditch.

Coupling of iron-carbon can form a mixotrophic denitrification and is regarded as a promising solution for purifying nitrate-rich agricultural runoff. However, its prevalence and efficacy of the synergistic augmentation of nitrogen elimination and net NO sinks remain crucial knowledge gaps in ecological ditches (eco-ditches). Here, we investigated the underlying variability mechanisms by implementing sponge iron (sFe)-coupled Iris hexagonus (IH)- or Myriophyllum aquaticum (MA)-derived biochar produced via microwave-assisted (MW) pyrolysis and conventional pyrolysis.

Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium effectors spiA and spiC promote replication by modulating iron metabolism and oxidative stress.

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) poses a major threat to the health and safety of animal-derived foods worldwide. Recently, we have reported that S.

Differences in soil Cd immobilization and blockage of rice Cd uptake by biochar derived from crop residue and bone - A 2-year field experiment.

Biochar is widely recognized as an effective amendment for soils contaminated with cadmium (Cd). However, the properties and elemental compositions of biochar derived from different feedstocks may significantly impact the transfer of Cd in the soil-rice system. This study conducted a two-year field trial in Cd-contaminated paddy soil.

Insights into relationship of oxidative potential of particles in the atmosphere and entering the human respiratory system with particle size, composition and source: A case study in a coastal area in Northern China.

Oxidative potential (OP) of particulate matter (PM) is an important indicator of its health effects. However, the relationship between OP and its key influencing factors remains unclear. In this study, size-segregated PM samples were collected in Qingdao, China, with major components and OP of PM thoroughly examined.

Dietary selective effects manifest in the human gut microbiota from species composition to strain genetic makeup.

Diet significantly influences the human gut microbiota, a key player in health. We analyzed shotgun metagenomic sequencing data from healthy individuals with long-term dietary patterns-vegan, flexitarian, or omnivore-and included detailed dietary surveys and blood biomarkers. Dietary patterns notably affected the bacterial community composition by altering the relative abundances of certain species but had a minimal impact on microbial functional repertoires.

The Presence of Food Addiction in Patients with Binge Eating Disorder Was Associated with Higher Weight, Poor Body Composition Outcomes, Lower Serum Level of Magnesium and Higher Ferritin 2 Years Post-LSG Surgery.

Background: This study examined the presence of food addiction (FA) in patients with binge eating disorder (BED) 2 years after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) and explored its association with some minerals, ferritin, weight loss and, body composition outcomes.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 120 patients with BED who had undergone LSG 2 years prior to participation were enrolled. BED was assessed using Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) criteria and presence of FA was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS).

Ferric carboxymaltose with or without phosphate substitution in iron deficiency or iron deficiency anemia before elective surgery - The DeFICIT trial.

Background: Iron deficiency anemia in the perioperative setting is treated predominantly with intravenous iron formulation, of which ferric carboxymaltose may induce hypophosphatemia by modulating fibroblast growth factor 23.

Methods: In this single-center, prospective, randomized, double-blind trial, we consented 92 adult patients scheduled for elective major abdominal or thoracic surgery. These patients either had isolated iron deficiency (plasma ferritin <100 ng/mL or transferrin saturation < 20 %) or iron deficiency anemia (hemoglobin (Hb) 100-130 g/L with plasma ferritin <100 ng/mL or transferrin saturation < 20 %).

Lipocalin-2 as a therapeutic target for diabetes neurological complications.

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus, a chronic disorder with persistent hyperglycemia, severely affects the quality of life through significant neurological impairments, including neuropathy and cognitive dysfunction. Inflammation and oxidative stress are key factors in these complications, and Lipocalin-2 (LCN2), which is involved in inflammation and iron homeostasis, is crucial in these processes.

Area Covered: This review explores the potential of LCN2 as a therapeutic target for mitigating diabetes neurological complications.

Diets, Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Nutritional Status Among Children, Adolescents and Adults in the Philippines: A Scoping Review.

Suboptimal diets contribute to the risk of malnutrition and non-communicable diseases across the life course. Globally, intakes of fruit and vegetables (F&V) fall below recommendations, including in the Philippines. To promote F&V intakes, understanding the extent of inadequate intakes across population groups and key drivers of dietary patterns is needed.

Recent advancements and clinical aspects of engineered iron oxide nanoplatforms for magnetic hyperthermia-induced cancer therapy.

The pervasiveness of cancer is a global health concern posing a major threat in terms of mortality and incidence rates. Magnetic hyperthermia (MHT) employing biocompatible magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) ensuring selective attachment to target sites, better colloidal stability and conserving nearby healthy tissues has garnered widespread acceptance as a promising clinical treatment for cancer cell death. In this direction, multifunctional iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) are of significant interest for improved cancer care due to finite size effect associated with inherent magnetic properties.

Pathological characterization of lung fibrosis in Sprague-Dawley rats treated with fluoro-edenite fibres by intrapleural injection.

Background: An increased incidence of pleural mesotheliomas in Biancavilla (Italy) was attributed to the environmental exposure to fluoro-edenite (FE). Results from the Ramazzini Institute (RI) in vivo long-term study confirmed the evidence that exposure to FE fibres is correlated with an increase of malignant pleural mesotheliomas in Sprague-Dawley rats. Recently asbestosis-like features were substantiated in Biancavilla residents without known occupational exposures.

Multifaceted determinants of micronutrient status in early childhood in Iran : National food and nutrition surveillance.

Purpose: This study examined the status and determinants of key micronutrients among 24-60 month children in underprivileged provinces of Iran, highlighting ongoing challenges despite intervention efforts.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the National Food and Nutrition Surveillance program. A multistage cluster sampling method was used, recruiting 280 children per province from Khuzestan, Kerman, Ilam, Bushehr, Hormozgan, Kohgiluyeh va Boyerahmad, Sistan va Baluchestan and South Khorasan.

Probing iron in Earth's core with molecular-spin dynamics.

Dynamic compression of iron to Earth-core conditions is one of the few ways to gather important elastic and transport properties needed to uncover key mechanisms surrounding the geodynamo effect. Herein, a machine-learned ab initio derived molecular-spin dynamics (MSD) methodology with explicit treatment for longitudinal spin-fluctuations is utilized to probe the dynamic phase-diagram of iron. This framework uniquely enables an accurate resolution of the phase-transition kinetics and Earth-core elastic properties, as highlighted by compressional wave velocity and adiabatic bulk moduli measurements.

Accurate Intramyocardial Hemorrhage Assessment with Fast, Free-running, Cardiac Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.

Purpose To evaluate the performance of a high-dynamic-range quantitative susceptibility mapping (HDR-QSM) cardiac MRI technique to detect intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) and quantify iron content using phantom and canine models. Materials and Methods A free-running whole-heart HDR-QSM technique for IMH assessment was developed and evaluated in calibrated iron phantoms and 14 IMH female canine models. IMH detection and iron content quantification performance of this technique was compared with the conventional iron imaging approaches, R2*(1/T2*) maps, using measurements from ex vivo imaging as the reference standard.

Comparative iron management in hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis patients: a systematic review.

Background: Patients with kidney failure undergoing dialysis often suffer from anemia. Iron deficiency, along with a shortage in erythropoietin, is a common cause. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients may have a different iron metabolism compared to hemodialysis (HD) patients.