Synergistic effects of ozonation pretreatment and trace phosphate on water quality health risk and microbial stability in simulated drinking water distribution systems.

The proliferation and chlorine resistance of pathogenic bacteria in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs) pose a serious threat to human health. In this study, the synergistic effects of ozonation pretreatment and trace phosphate on water quality health risk and microbial stability were investigated in the small-scale DWDSs simulated by biofilms annular reactors with cast iron coupons. The results indicated that ozonation of drinking water containing trace phosphate was equivalent to increasing microbial carbon and phosphorus sources, further leading to the rapid proliferation of opportunistic pathogens (OPs) in subsequent DWDSs.

Evidence for corrin biosynthesis in the last universal common ancestor.

Corrinoids are cobalt-containing tetrapyrroles. They include adenosylcobalamin (vitamin B) and cobamides that function as cofactors and coenzymes for methyl transfer, radical-dependent and redox reactions. Though cobamides are the most complex cofactors in nature, they are essential in the acetyl-CoA pathway, thought to be the most ancient CO-fixation pathway, where they perform a pterin-to-cobalt-to-nickel methyl transfer reaction catalyzed by the corrinoid iron-sulphur protein (CoFeS).

Citrate-Coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Facilitate Endothelialization of Left Ventricular Assist Device Impeller for Improved Antithrombogenicity.

Although left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) are an alternative to heart transplantation, their artificial surfaces often lead to serious thrombotic complications requiring high-risk device replacement. Coating blood-contacting surfaces with antithrombogenic endothelial cells is considered an effective strategy for preventing thrombus formation. However, this concept has not yet been successfully implemented in LVADs, as severe cell loss is to be expected, especially on the impeller surface with high prothrombogenic supraphysiological shear stress.

Recycled Anode Materials from Manufacturing Industry for Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzer.

As the energy industries, such as secondary batteries and fuel cells, expand rapidly, the demand for transition metals used as electrode materials is increasing, which has led to a rise in their prices. One promising strategy to address these challenges is upcycling, which involves recycling transition metal-based waste from various industries. In this study, a heterostructure electrocatalyst for anion exchange membrane water electrolysis is developed by upcycling iron-based waste from the automotive industry.

Real-Time Detection of Dynamic Restructuring in KNiFe F Perovskite Fluorides for Enhanced Water Oxidation.

Mechanistic understanding of how electrode-electrolyte interfaces evolve dynamically is crucial for advancing water-electrolysis technology, especially the restructuring of catalyst surface during complex electrocatalytic reactions. However, for perovskite fluorides, the mechanistic exploration for the influence of the dynamic restructuring on their chemical property and catalytic mechanism is unclear due to their poor conductivity that makes the definition of electrocatalyst structure difficult. Herein, for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), various operando characterizations are employed to investigate the structure-activity relationships of the KNiFe F@NF.

Climatic forcing of the Southern Ocean deep-sea ecosystem.

The deep-time development of the Southern Ocean's deep-sea ecosystem remains poorly understood, despite being a key region in global ecological, climatological, and oceanographic systems, where deep water forms and biodiversity is unexpectedly high. Here, we present an ∼500,000-year fossil record of the deep-sea Southern Ocean ecosystem in the subantarctic zone. The results indicate that changes in surface productivity and the resulting food supply to the deep sea, driven by eolian dust input and iron fertilization, along with changes in bottom-water temperature influenced by deep-water circulation, have controlled the deep-sea ecosystem in the Southern Ocean on orbital (10-10 years) timescales following the Mid-Brunhes event (MBE), a major climatic transition ∼430,000 years ago.

Unravelling hidden text and figures in paper-based archival documents with micro-spatially offset Raman spectroscopy imaging.

The preservation of paper-based archival documents is crucial for safeguarding historical and cultural heritage. Some records possess visually inaccessible text or images because of previous conservation measures, their method of construction, or historic damage. Micro-spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (micro-SORS) has emerged as a promising method for probing below or through opaque material substrates non-invasively.

Visualization of four-dimensional X-ray absorption fine structure data using a virtual reality system.

X-ray spectromicroscopy is extensively utilized for nondestructive mapping of chemical states in materials. However, understanding and analyzing the geometric and topological aspects of such data pose challenges due to their representation in 4D space, encompassing (x, y, z) coordinates along with the energy (E) axis and often extending to 5D space with the inclusion of time (t) or reaction degree. In this study, we addressed this challenge by developing a new approach and introducing a device named `4D-XASView', specifically designed for visualizing X-ray absorption fine structures (XAFS) data in 4D (comprising 3D space and energy), through a multi-projection system, within the virtual reality (VR) environment.

The effects of process parameters on the mechanical properties and degradation behavior of Fe/HA biodegradable materials.

HA/Fe composites were prepared by powder metallurgy. The effects of ball milling time, pressing pressure, and sintering temperature on the porosity and hardness of the composites were investigated, and their mechanical properties and biocompatibility were evaluated. The results show that as the ball milling time increases (30∼60min), the average particle size initially decreases and then increases (82.

Rhamnolipid Modified Silica Nanoparticles Control Rice Blast Disease by Enhancing Antifungal Activity and Antioxidant Defense System of Rice ( L.).

Blast disease caused by is a devastating disease that limits rice grain production. Here, we synthesized rhamnolipid (RL) modified silica nanoparticles (SiONPs) based on the excellent antimicrobial activity of RL against various phytopathogens and the role of SiONPs in alleviating plant diseases and investigated the roles and mechanisms of RL@SiONPs application in controlling rice blast disease. Two-week-old rice seedlings were sprayed with 100 mL/L of different materials before pathogen inoculation, and blast incidence was investigated 5 days after inoculation.

The Staphylococcus aureus non-coding RNA IsrR regulates TCA cycle activity and virulence.

Staphylococcus aureus has evolved mechanisms to cope with low iron (Fe) availability in host tissues. Staphylococcus aureus uses the ferric uptake transcriptional regulator (Fur) to sense titers of cytosolic Fe. Upon Fe depletion, apo-Fur relieves transcriptional repression of genes utilized for Fe uptake.

Groundwater electro-bioremediation via diffuse electro-conductive zones: A critical review.

Microbial electrochemical technologies (MET) can remove a variety of organic and inorganic pollutants from contaminated groundwater. However, despite significant laboratory-scale successes over the past decade, field-scale applications remain limited. We hypothesize that enhancing the electrochemical conductivity of the soil surrounding electrodes could be a groundbreaking and cost-effective alternative to deploying numerous high-surface-area electrodes in short distances.

Optimization of Binding Buffer Composition (Polyethylene Glycol, Sodium Chloride and pH) for Extraction of DNA from Biological Fluids Using Polyethyleneimine Functionalized Iron Oxide Nanoparticle-Based Method.

Introduction: Efficient extraction of DNA from biological fluids is crucial for applications in molecular biology, forensic science, and clinical diagnostics. However, traditional DNA extraction methods often require costly reagents and lengthy procedures. This study aims to optimize the binding buffer composition for DNA extraction using polyethyleneimine-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (PEI-IONPs), which offer the dual benefits of magnetic separation and high DNA-binding efficiency.

Research into the Influence of Filtration Media Microstructure on Oil-Water Separation Performance.

Oil-water separation materials with specialized wettability have garnered significant attention in the field of oil-water separation due to the advantages of simple use and no secondary pollution. However, the adsorptive contamination of the filter surface by impurity phases and surfactants can cause a shift in the wettability of the filter surface. For efficient oil-water separation and improved resistance to adherent contamination on the oil-water separation membrane surface, herein, superwetted Cu nanofilms and smooth hydrophobic surfaces were prepared on SSM substrates by one-step electrodeposition and immersion methods, respectively.

Conversion of pyridoxal to pyridoxamine with NH and H on nickel generates a protometabolic nitrogen shuttle under serpentinizing conditions.

Serpentinizing hydrothermal vents are likely sites for the origin of metabolism because they produce H as a source of electrons for CO reduction while depositing zero-valent iron, cobalt, and nickel as catalysts for organic reactions. Recent work has shown that solid-state nickel can catalyze the H-dependent reduction of CO to various organic acids and their reductive amination with H and NH to biological amino acids under the conditions of H-producing hydrothermal vents and that amino acid synthesis from NH, H, and 2-oxoacids is facile in the presence of Ni. Such reactions suggest a metallic origin of metabolism during early biochemical evolution because single metals replace the function of over 130 enzymatic reactions at the core of metabolism in microbes that use the acetyl-CoA pathway of CO fixation.

Resolution dependence of vessel size index across various brain regions.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) excels at detecting quantitative changes in microvascular parameters such as cerebral blood volume, cerebral blood flow, and vessel size index (VSI), which are essential for diagnosing and monitoring cerebrovascular diseases. Absolute VSI estimation, often utilizing superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as contrast agents, relies on measuring transverse relaxation rates (∆R and ∆R). This study systematically investigates the spatial resolution dependence of VSI using Monte Carlo simulations and in vivo rat brain MRI experiments.

Regional brain iron mapping in obstructive sleep apnea adults.

Purpose: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) subjects show significant white matter injury, including myelin changes in several brain areas, potentially from impaired glial cells, contributing to increased iron levels that escalate neurodegeneration, but brain iron loads are unclear. Our aim was to examine regional brain iron load, using T2∗-relaxometry, in OSA adults before and after continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment over controls.

Methods: We performed T2∗-weighted imaging using a 3.

Ferrocene-decorated graphene nanosheets built by edge-to-face π-π interaction for room temperature ppb-level NO sensing.

The development of materials toward ppb-level nitric oxide (NO) sensing at room temperature remains in high demand for the monitoring of respiratory inflammatory diseases. In order to find an iron-containing molecule without steric hindrance to combine with graphene for room temperature NO gas sensing, here a supramolecular assembly of ferrocene (Fc) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was designed and prepared for NO sensing. The assembly of Fc/rGO was characterized using FT-IR, TEM, and XPS measurements.

Listeria monocytogenes colonises established multispecies biofilms and resides within them without altering biofilm composition or gene expression.

Listeria (L.) monocytogenes can survive for extended periods in the food producing environment. Here, biofilms possibly provide a niche for long-term survival due to their protective nature against environmental fluctuations and disinfectants.

Hijacking endogenous iron to amplify lysosomal-mitochondrial cascade damage for boosting anti-tumor immunotherapy.

The cross-talk between lysosomes and mitochondria is crucial for keeping intracellular homeostasis and metabolic function, providing a promising approach for tumor therapy. Herein, we employed polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-modified Cu-gallic acid (CuGA) complex nano-boosters for amplifying lysosomes-mitochondria cascaded damage, and thereby effectively inducing cuproptosis and pyroptosis of breast tumor cells to boost anti-tumor immunotherapy. The CuGA nano-boosters could hijack lysosomal iron to form a bimetallic catalyst Cu(Fe)GA in situ through ion-exchange reaction, and cause the release of Cu and metal ion dysregulation (i.

Noninvasive Quantitative CT for Diffuse Liver Diseases: Steatosis, Iron Overload, and Fibrosis.

Chronic diffuse liver disease continues to increase in prevalence and represents a global health concern. Noninvasive detection and quantification of hepatic steatosis, iron overload, and fibrosis are critical, especially given the many relative disadvantages and potential risks of invasive liver biopsy. Although MRI techniques have emerged as the preferred reference standard for quantification of liver fat, iron, and fibrosis, CT can play an important role in opportunistic detection of unsuspected disease and is performed at much higher volumes.

Mineral and Microbial Properties Drive the Formation of Mineral-Associated Organic Matter and Its Response to Increased Temperature.

A comprehensive understanding of the formation of mineral-associated organic matter (MAOM) is a prerequisite for the sustainable management of soil carbon (C) and the development of effective long-term strategies for C sequestration in soils. Nevertheless, the precise manner by which microbial and mineral properties drive MAOM formation efficiency and its subsequent response to elevated temperature at the regional scale remains unclear. Here, we employed isotopically labelled laboratory incubations (at 15°C and 25°C) with soil samples from a ~3000 km transect across the Tibetan Plateau to elucidate the mechanisms underlying MAOM formation and its temperature response.

Delving deep into the draft genome of Mangrovibacter sp. SLW1, isolated from Sundarbans mangrove.

sp. SLW1, a Gram-negative, aerobic, motile bacterium, was isolated from mangrove litterfall in Sundarbans mangrove. The draft genome is 5.

Agenda-setting for iron deficiency anaemia prevention and control policies in Iran by multiple streams framework.

Background: According to the WHO report and evaluations, Iran has a moderate prevalence of iron deficiency anaemia (IDA). The present study evaluates Iran's IDA prevention and control policies by analysing the agenda-setting policy using the multiple streams framework (MSF).

Methods: The present study used Kingdon's MSF model to analyse policies related to IDA in Iran qualitatively.