Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in advanced penile cancer: report from the Global Society of Rare Genitourinary Tumors.

Background: Treatment options for penile squamous cell carcinoma are limited. We sought to investigate clinical outcomes and safety profiles of patients with penile squamous cell carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients with locally advanced or metastatic penile squamous cell carcinoma receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors between 2015 and 2022 across 24 centers in the United States, Europe, and Asia.

Effects of food-based interventions in the management of chemoradiotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: a systematic review.

Background: Cancer treatment-related nausea and vomiting continue to be common and distressing symptoms for patients, despite improvements in antiemetics. Dietary modifications could potentially improve this symptom experience. Clinicians frequently provide dietary advice to patients, although the evidence base of such suggestions or recommendations is not clear.

Brachytherapy for Organ and Function Preservation in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas in Adult and Paediatric Patients.

Adjuvant radiotherapy is an integral component in the management of soft-tissue sarcomas. Brachytherapy is a very convenient and conformal way of delivering adjuvant radiotherapy in such tumours, which spares the surrounding normal tissue. Randomised studies have established the efficacy of brachytherapy in the adjuvant setting, with a 5-year local control of 80-85%.

ESMO expert consensus statements (ECS) on the definition, diagnosis, and management of HER2-low breast cancer.

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-low breast cancer has recently emerged as a targetable subset of breast tumors, based on the evidence from clinical trials of novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates. This evolution has raised several biological and clinical questions, warranting the establishment of consensus to optimally treat patients with HER2-low breast tumors. Between 2022 and 2023, the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) held a virtual consensus-building process focused on HER2-low breast cancer.

Facial deformation following treatment for pediatric head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma; the difference between treatment modalities. Results of a trans-Atlantic, multicenter cross-sectional cohort study.

Background: The four different local therapy strategies used for head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) include proton therapy (PT), photon therapy (RT), surgery with radiotherapy (Paris-method), and surgery with brachytherapy (AMORE). Local control and survival is comparable; however, the impact of these different treatments on facial deformation is still poorly understood. This study aims to quantify facial deformation and investigates the differences in facial deformation between treatment modalities.

Personalized Medicine in Infant Population with Cancer: Pharmacogenetic Pilot Study of Polymorphisms Related to Toxicity and Response to Chemotherapy.

Background: Pharmacogenetics is a personalized medicine tool that aims to optimize treatments by adapting them to each individual's genetics, maximizing their efficacy while minimizing their toxicity. Infants with cancer are especially vulnerable, and their co-morbidities have vital repercussions. The study of their pharmacogenetics is new in this clinical field.

Recurrence-Free Survival in Early and Locally Advanced Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Lung after Complete Tumor Resection.

Background: Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare subtype of lung cancer with poor clinical outcomes. Data on recurrence-free survival (RFS) in early and locally advanced pure LCNEC after complete resection (R0) are lacking. This study aims to evaluate clinical outcomes in this subgroup of patients and to identify potential prognostic markers.

Vaginal changes, sexual functioning and distress of women with locally advanced cervical cancer treated in the EMBRACE vaginal morbidity substudy.

Objective: The EMBRACE-vaginal morbidity substudy prospectively evaluated physician-assessed vaginal changes and patient-reported-outcomes (PRO) on vaginal and sexual functioning problems and distress in the first 2-years after image-guided radio(chemo)therapy and brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer.

Methods: Eligible patients had stage IB1-IIIB cervical cancer with ≤5 mm vaginal involvement. Assessment of vaginal changes was graded using CTCAE.

Frontline immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients with poor performance status.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-based combination therapy (ICI-based combination) is a new standard of care for metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in the frontline setting. Patients with poor performance status (PS) (≥2) were excluded from pivotal trials. Hence, the activity and safety of ICI-based combination therapy in this group of patients is still unknown.

Response to first line platinum-based chemotherapy in mismatch repair deficient (MMRd)/ microsatellite instability high (MSI-high) endometrial carcinoma.

Background: Around 15% of metastatic endometrial carcinoma (EC) are MMRd/MSI-H improving response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). So far, few data existed considering the chemotherapy (CT) sensitivity in MMRd/MSI-H EC, especially response to first-line platinum-based treatment.

Patients And Methods: We performed a multicentric retrospective analysis reporting the response to first line platinum CT in MMRd/MSI-H EC patients.

Early Coronary Artery Calcification Progression over Two Years in Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Radiation Therapy: Association with Cardiac Exposure (BACCARAT Study).

Background: Radiotherapy (RT) for breast cancer (BC) can induce coronary artery disease many years after RT. At an earlier stage, during the first two years after RT, we aimed to evaluate the occurrence of increased coronary artery calcium (CAC) and its association with cardiac exposure. Methods: This prospective study included 101 BC patients treated with RT without chemotherapy.

Overall survival in the OlympiA phase III trial of adjuvant olaparib in patients with germline pathogenic variants in BRCA1/2 and high-risk, early breast cancer.

Background: The randomized, double-blind OlympiA trial compared 1 year of the oral poly(adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, olaparib, to matching placebo as adjuvant therapy for patients with pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants in germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 (gBRCA1/2pv) and high-risk, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, early breast cancer (EBC). The first pre-specified interim analysis (IA) previously demonstrated statistically significant improvement in invasive disease-free survival (IDFS) and distant disease-free survival (DDFS). The olaparib group had fewer deaths than the placebo group, but the difference did not reach statistical significance for overall survival (OS).

Patient-reported outcomes in childhood head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma survivors and their relation to physician-graded adverse events-A multicenter study using the FACE-Q Craniofacial module.

Introduction: Adverse events (AE) of treatment are prevalent and diverse in head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (HNRMS) survivors. These AEs are often reported by physicians; however, patients' perceptions of specific AE are not well known. In this study, we explored patient-reported outcomes measuring appearance, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and facial function in HNRMS survivors.

Transoral Robotic Surgery for Recurrent Tumors of the Upper Aerodigestive Tract (RECUT): An International Cohort Study.

Background: Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) is an emerging minimally invasive surgical treatment for residual, recurrent, and new primary head and neck cancers in previously irradiated fields, with limited evidence for its oncological effectiveness.

Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study of consecutive cases performed in 16 high-volume international centers before August 2018 was conducted (registered at clinicaltrials.gov [NCT04673929] as the RECUT study).

Pathological Analysis of Encased Resected Recurrent Nerves in Locally Invasive Thyroid Cancer.

Objective: Thyroid cancer encasing the recurrent nerve is rare, and the decision to resect or preserve the nerve is multifactorial. The objective of this study was to histopathologically analyze resected encased nerves to assess the rate of nerve invasion and risk factors.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective study was carried out on consecutive patients with resection of the recurrent nerve for primary or recurrent follicular cell-derived or medullary thyroid carcinoma from 2005 to 2020.

Guillain-Barré Syndrome in Patient With SARS-CoV-2 PCR Positivity Treated Successfully With Therapeutic Exchange Plasma: A First Case Report From Vietnam.

Since the first case of Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)-associated SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection reported in 2020, a series of cases have been published in some countries. In this case report, we present a young patient with GBS, whose clinical and laboratory data were appropriate for the diagnosis of GBS due to COVID-19 infection. Neurological examination revealed the muscular weakness of lower limbs with Medical Research Council (MRC) scale of 2/5 associated with diminished reflexes.

Target actionability review to evaluate CDK4/6 as a therapeutic target in paediatric solid and brain tumours.

Background: Childhood cancer is still a leading cause of death around the world. To improve outcomes, there is an urgent need for tailored treatment. The systematic evaluation of existing preclinical data can provide an overview of what is known and identify gaps in the current knowledge.

One-day prevalence of asymptomatic carriage of toxigenic and non-toxigenic Clostridioides difficile in 10 French hospitals.

Background: Asymptomatic faecal carriage of Clostridioides difficile has been widely evaluated, but its prevalence across a wide range of clinical departments and related risk factors are not well described. The objectives of the PORTADIFF study were to evaluate the prevalence and identifying risk factors leading to asymptomatic carriage of both toxigenic and non-toxigenic C. difficile.

Systemic Therapy for Advanced Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Breast Cancer: ASCO Guideline Update.

Purpose: To update evidence-based guideline recommendations to practicing oncologists and others on systemic therapy for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive advanced breast cancer.

Methods: An Expert Panel conducted a targeted systematic literature review (for both systemic treatment and CNS metastases) and identified 545 articles. Outcomes of interest included efficacy and safety.