[Ceramides, crucial actors in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes].

In healthy subjects, the balance between glucose production and its usage is precisely controlled. When circulating glucose reaches a critical threshold, pancreatic β-cells secrete insulin, which has two major actions: lowering circulating glucose concentrations by facilitating its uptake mainly in skeletal muscles and the liver, and inhibiting glucose production. Triglycerides are the main source of fatty acids to meet the energy needs of oxidative tissues and any excess is stored in adipocytes.

Bariatric Surgery is feasible in patients with Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

Background: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a heterogeneous disease affecting connective tissues. EDS patients have a high susceptibility for developing anastomotic leak after visceral surgery. Although patients with EDS can also develop severe obesity and might be referred to bariatric surgery, there is just 1 case report in the literature regarding the outcomes of bariatric surgery in this specific context.

Glucocorticoid Metabolism in Obesity and Following Weight Loss.

Glucocorticoids are steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex and are essential for the maintenance of various metabolic and homeostatic functions. Their function is regulated at the tissue level by 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and they signal through the glucocorticoid receptor, a ligand-dependent transcription factor. Clinical observations have linked excess glucocorticoid levels with profound metabolic disturbances of intermediate metabolism resulting in abdominal obesity, insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia.

Severe insomnia is associated with metabolic syndrome in women over 50 years with major depression treated in psychiatry settings: a METADAP report.

Introduction: Major depression is associated with metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk. We have previously shown that severe insomnia, a core symptom of major depression episode (MDE), is associated with hypertriglyceridemia, a component of metabolic syndrome, in women but not in men with major depression. Since insomnia is related to cardiovascular morbidity in the general population and major depression also, our objective was to assess the link between insomnia and metabolic syndrome, a marker syndrome of cardiovascular risk, during MDE, in women and in men.

Lower plasma vascular endothelial growth factor A in major depressive disorder not normalized after antidepressant treatment: A case control study.

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor A is a growth factor with pro-angiogenic and neurotrophic properties. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor A treatments, used to treat cancers and opthalmic diseases, are known to induce depressive symptoms. Thus, we hypothesized that vascular endothelial growth factor A plasma levels are low in patients experiencing a major depressive episode in the context of major depressive disorder, which consequently increase after antidepressant treatment.

Female ponderal index at birth and idiopathic infertility.

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased risk of developing non-transmittable diseases in adults subjected to adverse early developmental conditions. Metabolic and cardiovascular diseases have been the focus of most studies. Nevertheless, data from animal models also suggest early programming of fertility.

Sphingolipid Metabolism: New Insight into Ceramide-Induced Lipotoxicity in Muscle Cells.

Insulin-resistance is a characteristic feature of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and plays a major role in the pathogenesis of this disease. Skeletal muscles are quantitatively the biggest glucose users in response to insulin and are considered as main targets in development of insulin-resistance. It is now clear that circulating fatty acids (FA), which are highly increased in T2D, play a major role in the development of muscle insulin-resistance.

Early weight gain predicts later metabolic syndrome in depressed patients treated with antidepressants: Findings from the METADAP cohort.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a major public health issue. We assessed whether early weight gain predicts later MetS in depressed patients treated with antidepressants.

Methods: In the 6-month prospective METADAP cohort, 260 non-overweight patients with a Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and a current Major Depressive Episode (MDE) were assessed for early weight gain (>5%) after one month of treatment, and for the later incidence of MetS after three and six months of treatment.

Effect of Cricoid Pressure Compared With a Sham Procedure in the Rapid Sequence Induction of Anesthesia: The IRIS Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The use of cricoid pressure (Sellick maneuver) during rapid sequence induction (RSI) of anesthesia remains controversial in the absence of a large randomized trial.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the incidence of pulmonary aspiration is not increased when cricoid pressure is not performed.

Design, Setting, And Participants: Randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial conducted in 10 academic centers.

UCP1 transrepression in Brown Fat in vivo and mineralocorticoid receptor anti-thermogenic effects.

Objectives: The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), a hormone-activated transcription factor, besides its role in controlling hydroelectrolytic homeostasis, exerts pro-adipogenic and anti-thermogenic effects, inhibiting mitochondrial-uncoupling protein UCP1 expression in brown adipocytes. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the molecular mechanisms by which MR participates in such metabolic regulation.

Methods: We evaluated in vivo MR effects on cold-induced UCP1 expression in MR-overexpressing mice.

Early weight gain predicts later weight gain in depressed patients treated with antidepressants: Findings from the METADAP cohort.

Background: Weight gain is a major side effect of antidepressant (AD) drugs. We assessed whether early weight gain is a predictor for long term weight gain in depressed patients treated with antidepressants.

Methods: In the six month prospective METADAP cohort, 260 non-overweight patients with a major depressive disorder (MDD), who have recently experienced a Major Depressive Episode (MDE) were assessed for early weight gain (>3%,>5%, and >7%) after one month of treatment, and for long term weight gain (>15% and >20%) after three and six months of treatment.

Ceramide Transporter CERT Is Involved in Muscle Insulin Signaling Defects Under Lipotoxic Conditions.

One main mechanism of insulin resistance (IR), a key feature of type 2 diabetes, is the accumulation of saturated fatty acids (FAs) in the muscles of obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Understanding the mechanism that underlies lipid-induced IR is an important challenge. Saturated FAs are metabolized into lipid derivatives called ceramides, and their accumulation plays a central role in the development of muscle IR.

Implication of Free Fatty Acids in Thrombin Generation and Fibrinolysis in Vascular Inflammation in Zucker Rats and Evolution with Aging.

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) and aging are associated with modifications in blood coagulation factors, vascular inflammation, and increased risk of thrombosis. Our aim was to determine concomitant changes in thrombin generation in the blood compartment and at the surface of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and its interplay with adipokines, free fatty acids (FFA), and metalloproteinases (MMPs) in obese Zucker rats that share features of the human MetS. Obese and age-matched lean Zucker rats were compared at 25 and 80 weeks of age.

No impact of eight NTRK2 genetic polymorphisms on 6-month antidepressant efficacy in depressed patients.

Aim: NTRK2 is the main receptor of the brain derived neurotrophic factor, which is involved in antidepressant efficacy. We assessed the impact of eight NTRK2 SNPs pertaining to response and remission after antidepressant treatment in depressed patients.

Patients & Methods: In a naturalistic study, 569 patients with a major depressive episode requiring a new antidepressant treatment were genotyped for eight NTRK2 SNPs (rs1187352, rs1439050, rs1778933 rs2289656, rs2289657, rs2289658, rs3824519, rs56142442) and prospectively assessed for response and remission after 6 months of treatment.

Pioglitazone could induce remission in major depression: a meta-analysis.

Background: Pioglitazone, a selective agonist of the nuclear transcription factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ), prescribed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, could have antidepressant properties. However, its potential to induce remission of major depressive episodes, the optimal clinical target for an antidepressant drug, is a matter of concern. Indeed, only one out of four double-blind randomized controlled trials show higher remission rates with pioglitazone than with control treatments.

[Obesity and cancer].

The proportion of people affected by obesity is increasing and this finding emphasizes several issues in oncology: obesity as a risk factor for cancer, prognostic value of obesity in cancer patients, nutritional assessment in overweight patients and impact of obesity on treatment management. It is important to remember the common underevaluation of malnutrition in overweight or obese patients. Every caregiver must be especially careful about the management of comorbidities in these patients.

Activation of the Constitutive Androstane Receptor induces hepatic lipogenesis and regulates Pnpla3 gene expression in a LXR-independent way.

The Constitutive Androstane Receptor (CAR, NR1I3) has been newly described as a regulator of energy metabolism. A relevant number of studies using animal models of obesity suggest that CAR activation could be beneficial on the metabolic balance. However, this remains controversial and the underlying mechanisms are still unknown.

Expression of the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase in articular cartilage: its role in terminal differentiation of chondrocytes in rat and human.

Objective: Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) catalyzes the oxidation of primary amines into ammonia and reactive species (hydrogen peroxide, aldehydes). It is highly expressed in mammalian tissues, especially in vascular smooth muscle cells and adipocytes, where it plays a role in cell differentiation and glucose transport. The study aims at characterizing the expression and the activity of SSAO in rat and human articular cartilage of the knee, and to investigate its potential role in chondrocyte terminal differentiation.