From biomarkers to therapeutic targets: the promise of PD-L1 in thyroid autoimmunity and cancer.

The programmed cell death-1/programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-1/PD-L1) immune checkpoint proteins hold promise as diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets for precision oncology. By restoring antitumor T cell surveillance, the high degree of effectiveness of the immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the majority of patients (65-80 %) treated with ICIs experience significant side effects, called immune-related adverse events (irAEs), resulting in autoimmune damage to various organs.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of salivary glands: A French Network of Rare Head and Neck Tumors (REFCOR) prospective study of 292 cases.

Background: To describe the characteristics of the largest European study of MEC of salivary glands and to determine the prognostic factors for overall and disease free survival.

Patients And Methods: Patients with MEC were prospectively included in the Réseau d'Expertise Français sur les Cancers ORL Rares (REFCOR, French Network of Rare Head and Neck Tumors) database between 2009 and 2015.

Results: A total of 292 patients were included.

How to select candidates for microvascular head and neck reconstruction in the elderly? Predictive factors of postoperative outcomes.

Introduction: The proportion of elderly patients with head and neck cancer is increasing. However, predictive factors of postoperative outcomes are insufficiently explored in this population. In this study, we aimed to determine predictive factors of postoperative outcomes in elderly patients undergoing head and neck free-flap reconstructive surgery in order to determine criteria on which patient selection could be based.

Tubomanometry: An effective and promising assessment of Eustachian tube dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis patients.

Aims: Obstructive eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction involves otologic complications, including cholesteatoma, and requires specific treatment. A causal relationship between obstructive ET dysfunction and chronic rhinosinusitis has only been suspected so far. Tubomanometry (TMM) is a new tool in ET dysfunction diagnosis and description.

DPD status and fluoropyrimidines-based treatment: high activity matters too.

Background: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) status is an indicator of a marked risk for toxicity following fluoropyrimidine (FP)-based chemotherapy. This notion is well-established for low DPD status but little is known about the clinical impact of high DPD activity. This study examined the possible link between high intrinsic lymphocytic DPD activity and overall survival, progression free survival and response to FP-based treatment in patients treated in our institution.

Consensus on resectability in N3 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas: GETTEC recommendations.

Background: Among patients with T0-2 N3 head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC), those undergoing upfront neck dissection have better oncological outcomes. However, there is no consensual definition of disease resectability of N3 nodes, leading to major treatment attrition and interpretation biases between studies. We established a Delphi method-based consensus to define resectability and impact on decision-making for upfront neck dissection in N3 patients.

French consensus on management of head and neck cancer surgery during COVID-19 pandemic.

In the context of the current pandemic, there is a need for specific advice concerning treatment of patients with Head and Neck cancers. The rule is to limit as much as possible the number of patients in order to reduce the risks of contamination by the SARS-Cov-2 virus for both patients and the caregivers, who are particularly exposed in ENT. The aim is to minimize the risk of loss of opportunity for patients and to anticipate the increased number of cancer patients to be treated at the end of the pandemic, taking into account the degree of urgency, the difficulty of the surgery, the risk of contaminating the caregivers (tracheotomy) and the local situation (whether or not the hospital and intensive care departments are overstretched).

Current Role of Total Laryngectomy in the Era of Organ Preservation.

In this article, we aimed to discuss the role of total laryngectomy (TL) in the management of patients with larynx cancer (LC) in the era of organ preservation. Before the 1990s, TL followed by radiotherapy (RT) was the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced LC. Over the last 30 years, various types of larynx preservation (LP) programs associating induction or concurrent chemotherapy (CT) with RT have been developed, with the aim of treating locally advanced LC patients while preserving the larynx and its functions.

Cystic form of cervical lymphadenopathy in adults. Guidelines of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (short version). Part 2-etiological diagnosis procedure: Clinical and imaging assessment.

Introduction: The authors present the guidelines of the French Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SFORL) for clinical and radiological assessment of cystic neck lymphadenopathy of unknown primary in adults. Most cases concern head and neck carcinoma metastasis, often in the oropharyngeal area, or less frequently differentiated thyroid carcinoma or non-keratinizing nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods: A multidisciplinary task force was commissioned to carry out a review of the literature on the etiological work-up in cystic neck lymphadenopathy in adults: clinical examination, conventional imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI) and metabolic imaging.

Robust Cochlear Modiolar Axis Detection in CT.

The cochlea, the auditory part of the inner ear, is a spiral-shaped organ with large morphological variability. An individualized assessment of its shape is essential for clinical applications related to tonotopy and cochlear implantation. To unambiguously reference morphological parameters, reliable recognition of the cochlear modiolar axis in computed tomography (CT) images is required.

The Oticon Medical Neuro Zti cochlear implant and the Neuro 2 sound processor: multicentric evaluation of outcomes in adults and children.

This study evaluated the outcomes of the Oticon Medical Neuro Zti cochlear implant and the Neuro 2 sound processor. Neuro One users were upgraded to Neuro 2. Monosyllabic word identification was evaluated in adults with Neuro One after ≥5 months, with Neuro 2 at upgrade, and with Neuro 2 after 3 months.

Use of a navigation system in endonasal surgery: Impact on surgical strategy and surgeon satisfaction. A prospective multicenter study.

Objectives: Surgical navigation systems (SNS) are now widely used in endoscopic endonasal surgery. Benefit, however, has not been fully studied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of an SNS in terms of performance of the surgical procedure and of surgeon satisfaction, in a prospective multicenter study.

Evaluation of the information given to patients undergoing total pharyngolaryngectomy and quality of life: a prospective multicentric study.

Background: Providing cancer patients with adequate information is essential to their confidence and satisfaction regarding medical care. The aims of this study were to evaluate the information given to patients undergoing total pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL) as well as the evolution and predictors of patient quality of life (QoL).

Methods: We conducted a prospective multicentric study on patients undergoing TPL for a locally advanced laryngeal/hypopharyngeal cancer.

Pharyngeal diverticulum: Iatrogenic complication of anterior cervical spine surgery.

Introduction: Dysphagia is a common presenting complaint and can often be due to pharyngoesophageal diverticulum, including Zenker's diverticulum. Iatrogenic pharyngeal diverticulum, occurring after anterior cervical spine surgery, is a rare cause of dysphagia.

Case Report: We report the case of a 51-year-old man, with a history of anterior cervical fusion about ten years previously, who complained of chronic dysphagia and disabling episodes of aspiration.

Endoscopic transcanal myringoplasty for anterior tympanic membrane perforation.

Anterior tympanic membrane perforations constitute a surgical challenge because of the anatomy of the anterior wall of the external auditory canal and the specific physical properties of the anterior tympanic membrane. The author reports an endoscopic transcanal myringoplasty technique with anterior fixation of the graft onto the anterior wall of the external auditory canal, avoiding canaloplasty in the majority of cases, detachment of the annulus in the anterior angle and medialization of the graft in the middle ear.

Current role of primary surgical treatment in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Purpose Of Review: The objective of this review article is to discuss the current role of surgery as the primary treatment modality in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Recent Findings: HNSCC represents one of the cancer locations where the primary treatment modality is the most under discussion. Indeed, the respective roles of primary surgical resection followed, as necessary, by adjuvant radiotherapy or definitive chemoradiotherapy remain controversial.

An original procedure for orbitonasal cutaneous infiltrative tumor repair, using combined forehead and melolabial propeller flaps.

Introduction: Resections of cutaneous tumors in the medial orbitonasal region can be transfixing. Repairs using a single local flap run the risk of failure and that of secondary sinonasal fistula, especially in cases of surgery on a radiated field. We propose an original and reliable repair procedure using two pedicled regional flaps vascularized by two distinct arterial systems clinched together to reconstruct the mucosal and cutaneous planes.

Total pharyngolaryngectomy in the elderly: The impact of age on postoperative complications and oncologic and functional outcomes.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of total pharyngolaryngectomy (TPL) in the elderly and to analyze the impact of age on postoperative complications and oncologic and functional outcomes.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the medical records of all patients who underwent TPL for a laryngeal or hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, between 2000 and 2015. The impact of advanced age (>70 years) on clinical outcomes was assessed in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Front-block technical note: dental and bone borne distractors.

Orthognathic surgical technique of segmental osteogenesis distraction of the anterior mandible alveolar process (front-block) was introduced by Triaca and al. in 2001 [2] including lower incisors. The technical note describes distraction process used both, dental-borne distractor and bone-borne distractor.

Multidisciplinary surgical management of an unusual penetrating foreign body of the face.

Introduction: Facial injuries by penetrating foreign body are unusual and require specific multidisciplinary surgical management.

Case Report: This case report concerns a 20-year-old man who experienced a penetrating injury by a piece of wood to the face and describes the surgical approach to remove the wood and repair the injury. The foreign body had penetrated the infratemporal fossa, with an entry wound situated below the right eye and an exit wound in the neck, in contact with the left internal carotid artery.