The potential of AB-free kava in enabling tobacco cessation via management of abstinence-related stress and insomnia: study protocol for a randomized clinical trial.

Background: As the primary cause of various preventable illnesses, smoking results in approximately five million premature deaths each year in the US and a multitude of adults living with serious illness. The majority of smokers know the health risks associated with smoking and intend to quit. However, quitting is very difficult partly because of insomnia and stress associated with it.

Comparative efficacy and safety of Chinese patent medicines for primary insomnia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 109 randomized trials.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Chinese patent medicine (CPM) is formulated using Chinese herbal medicines as raw materials according to prescribed methods and preparation processes. It is one of the most commonly used complementary and alternative therapies for insomnia in China. Dozens of CPMs have been applied in clinical settings to treat primary insomnia, and ample evidence has proven the efficacy and safety of various CPMs.

Efficient Screening in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Using Sequential Machine Learning Models, Questionnaires, and Pulse Oximetry Signals: Mixed Methods Study.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by frequent pauses or shallow breathing during sleep. Polysomnography, the gold standard for OSA assessment, is time consuming and labor intensive, thus limiting diagnostic efficiency.

Objective: This study aims to develop 2 sequential machine learning models to efficiently screen and differentiate OSA.

The Effects of COVID-19 on Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese College Students: Chain Mediation of Three Long COVID-19 Symptoms.

Long COVID has become a public health issue, and anxiety and depressive symptoms have been on the rise among young people since the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary purpose of this study was to survey the status of COVID-19 infection, long COVID, and mental health among Chinese college students after China lifted the dynamic zero-COVID policy on December 7, 2022. The secondary purpose was to explore the mediation effect of long COVID on the relationship between COVID-19 and anxiety and depressive symptoms.

Measuring fidelity of brief cognitive behavior therapy for insomnia: Development, reliability and validity.

Purpose: Measuring fidelity is critical in program evaluations to assess how implementation influences outcomes. Implementer fidelity is comprised of adherence to the treatment content and competence of treatment delivery. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) is well-established and empirically supported with variants such as brief CBTi (bCBTi) showing promise in reducing both insomnia and depression.

Untargeted metabolome atlas for sleep-related phenotypes in the Hispanic community health study/study of Latinos.

Background: Sleep is essential to maintaining health and wellbeing of individuals, influencing a variety of outcomes from mental health to cardiometabolic disease. This study aims to assess the relationships between various sleep-related phenotypes and blood metabolites.

Methods: Utilising data from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, we performed association analyses between 40 sleep-related phenotypes, grouped in several domains (sleep disordered breathing (SDB), sleep duration, sleep timing, self-reported insomnia symptoms, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), and heart rate during sleep), and 768 metabolites measured via untargeted metabolomics profiling.

Virtual Reality to Improve Sleep Quality in Patients Suffering from Painful Diabetic Polyneuropathy: A Proof of Concept Study.

: Sleep disturbance is often observed in the context of chronic pain. We hypothesize that, by providing an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) experience with a serious game to chronic pain patients an hour before bedtime, attention can be diverted from the pain condition, consequently leading to improved sleep quality. The aim is to evaluate the efficacy of VR compared to usual care in reducing the number of awakenings during the night and increasing sleep efficiency in patients suffering from painful diabetic polyneuropathy (PDPN).

Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors Attenuate the Effect of Poor Sleep Patterns on Chronic Kidney Disease Risk: A Prospective Study from the UK Biobank.

Objectives: This study aimed to assess the impact of modifiable lifestyle behaviors on the association between sleep patterns and chronic kidney disease (CKD) risk.

Methods: This study included 294,215 UK Biobank participants initially without CKD, followed until 13 October 2023. Sleep patterns were derived from five sleep factors, including sleep duration, chronotype, insomnia, snoring, and daytime dozing.

Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Chronic Insomnia Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Evidence from randomized clinical trials of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) for chronic insomnia disorder is lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of taVNS for chronic insomnia compared with the sham taVNS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial was conducted from October 2021 to December 2022 at a single center in Beijing, China.

Effectiveness and safety of an interactive internet-based intervention to improve insomnia: Results from a randomised controlled trial.

Many adults suffer from insomnia. Cognitive-behavioural therapy for insomnia is the recommended treatment option, but access to it is not readily available. Digital interventions have the potential to close the treatment gap by offering scalable and cost-efficient options.

Improving real-world evaluation of patient- and physician-reported tolerability: niraparib for recurrent ovarian cancer (NiQoLe).

Background: Maintenance niraparib at an individualized starting dose (ISD) is established in platinum-sensitive recurrent ovarian cancer (PSROC). However, patients' perspectives on the burden of prolonged maintenance therapy have not been reported in prospective trials or routine practice.

Methods: In the real-life multicenter NiQoLe study, patients with PSROC received ISD maintenance niraparib.

Exploring the pharmacist role in insomnia management and care provision: A scoping review.

Background: Insomnia is a highly burdensome sleep disorder, with a global prevalence of approximately 30% in adults. Insomnia has negative effects on daily functioning and can play a pivotal role in the development and progression of comorbid mental and physical disease. Therefore, appropriate and timely management is essential.

Evidence for music therapy and music medicine in psychiatry: transdiagnostic meta-review of meta-analyses.

Background: Music therapy is a commonly used intervention added to usual care for psychiatric disorders.

Aims: We review the evidence for music therapy and assess its efficacy as an adjunct therapy across psychiatric disorders.

Method: A systematic literature search was conducted in four scientific databases to identify relevant meta-analyses.

Discussions of Cannabis Over Patient Portal Secure Messaging: Content Analysis.

Background: Patient portal secure messaging allows patients to describe health-related behaviors in ways that may not be sufficiently captured in standard electronic health record (EHR) documentation, but little is known about how cannabis is discussed on this platform.

Objective: This study aimed to identify patient and provider secure messages that discussed cannabis and contextualize these discussions over periods before and after its legalization for medical purposes in Pennsylvania.

Methods: We examined 382,982 secure messages sent by 15,340 patients and 6101 providers from an integrated health delivery system in Pennsylvania, United States, from January 2012 to June 2022.

Assessing Outcomes of Tapering 12-Hour and 6-Hour Dexamethasone Prior to Paclitaxel Infusions in Patients With Breast Cancer.

Background: Paclitaxel has a boxed warning for causing severe hypersensitivity reactions, however, the majority (95%) of these reactions occur during the first or second infusion. Corticosteroids can reduce the incidence of paclitaxel hypersensitivity reactions from 30% to around 1%-3% but are not without adverse effects. Current practice at our institution is to prescribe dexamethasone 20 mg to be given orally 12 and 6 hours prior to paclitaxel infusion, however, some medical oncology providers have elected to decrease or omit dexamethasone premedication.

Associations between sleep duration, insomnia, depression, anxiety and registry-based school grades: A longitudinal study among high-school students.

This study explored the prospective associations between sleep patterns, mental health and registry-based school grades among older adolescents. In the spring of 2019, 1st year high-school students in Western Norway were invited to a survey assessing habitual sleep duration, insomnia, depression and anxiety. Sleep patterns, depression and anxiety were assessed using the Munich ChronoType Questionnaire, the Bergen Insomnia Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7.

The miraculous Asian fruit Baccaurea motleyana Müll. Arg. (Rambai): exploring the phyto-pharmacological potentials of fruit peel through GC-MS/MS, in vitro, in vivo and in silico approaches.

Introduction: Baccaurea motleyana Müll. Arg. (Rambai), an Asian fruit belonging to the Phyllanthaceae family, is cultivated throughout Southeast Asia and has been traditionally utilized in folk medicine to address eye discomfort, digestive issues, insomnia, and fevers.

Effects of Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia and Internet Sleep Hygiene Education on Sleep Quality and Executive Function Among Medical Students in Malaysia: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Medical students are frequently affected by poor sleep quality. Since poor sleep quality has negative physiological and psychological consequences such as on executive function, there is an opportunity to improve sleep quality and executive functions using non-pharmacological intervention such as cognitive behavioural therapy.

Objective: The aim of this study therefore is to determine if improving sleep quality could improve executive functions in medical students with poor sleep quality by comparing cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) with sleep hygiene education (SHE) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT).

Charting the therapeutic landscape: a comprehensive evidence map on medical cannabis for health outcomes.

The therapeutic potential of medical cannabis has garnered significant attention in recent years, prompting an urgent need for a comprehensive understanding of its effectiveness across various health outcomes. This article presents an Evidence Map that systematically summarizes clinical evidence on the use of medical cannabis, including the health conditions it addresses, the interventions employed, and the resulting clinical outcomes. The objective is to map the effectiveness of medical cannabis in relation to a wide range of health outcomes.

Underlying disease risk among patients with fatigue: a population-based cohort study in primary care.

Background: Presenting to primary care with fatigue is associated with a wide range of conditions, including cancer, although their relative likelihood is unknown.

Aim: To quantify associations between new-onset fatigue presentation and subsequent diagnosis of various diseases, including cancer.

Design And Setting: A cohort study of patients presenting in English primary care with new-onset fatigue during 2007-2017 (the fatigue group) compared with patients who presented without fatigue (the non-fatigue group), using Clinical Practice Research Datalink data linked to hospital episodes and national cancer registration data.