Postprandial studies on dietary cholesterol in human subjects using stable isotopes and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis.

We hypothesized that intestinal absorption and postprandial re-secretion of dietary cholesterol may be a particularly complex process in humans. To test this hypothesis, we used deuterium-enriched cholesterol to specifically label meal cholesterol and developed an improved method for quantitative measurement of traces of deuterated cholesterol as well as cholesterol with reference to two different internal standards by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) measurement. In the first study, a group of healthy subjects ingested a single test meal containing deuterated cholesterol with a 7 h postprandial follow-up.

Effect of weight change and metformin on fibrinolysis and the von Willebrand factor in obese nondiabetic subjects: the BIGPRO1 Study. Biguanides and the Prevention of the Risk of Obesity.

Objective: Insulin resistance is associated with hypofibrinolysis. Metformin has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity and fibrinolysis. Its action on fibrinolysis and the von Willebrand factor was evaluated in the Biguanides and the Prevention of the Risk of Obesity (BIGPRO)1 trial in nondiabetic men (n = 151) and women (n = 306) aged between 34 and 65 years with a central fat distribution and a mean BMI of 32.

Work values: a comparison of non-disabled persons with persons with paraplegia.

A number of studies focus on factors that might explain the low level of employment of persons with paraplegia without questioning the social representations connected to work. Being employed is considered a priori as beneficial, constituting an important objective for rehabilitation. However sociologists have recently pointed out that work, as a means of self fulfilment, is a 'constructed' rather than a 'natural' category.

Effects of lowering fat and increasing dietary fiber on fasting and postprandial plasma lipids in hypercholesterolemic subjects consuming a mixed Mediterranean-Western diet.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering effects of reducing fat and increasing or not increasing dietary fiber in subjects consuming a mixed Mediterranean-Western diet. Thirty-one free-living, mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects were randomly allocated to two groups. Subjects in both groups first shifted for 4 wk to a low-fat, low-fiber diet (LFLFD).

The role of non-esterified fatty acids in the deterioration of glucose tolerance in Caucasian subjects: results of the Paris Prospective Study.

Although an increased plasma non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) concentration has been shown to increase insulin resistance (Randle cycle), decrease insulin secretion and increase hepatic gluconeogenesis, the effect of NEFA on the deterioration of glucose tolerance has not been studied prospectively in Caucasian subjects. Therefore, we investigated whether plasma NEFA may be regarded as predictors of deterioration of glucose tolerance in subjects with normal (NGT, n = 3671) or impaired (IGT, n = 418) glucose tolerance who were participants in the Paris Prospective study. The subjects were first examined between 1967 and 1972 and underwent two 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests 2 years apart with measurements of plasma glucose, insulin and NEFA concentrations.

Emulsification and lipolysis of triacylglycerols are altered by viscous soluble dietary fibres in acidic gastric medium in vitro.

This in vitro study was designed to test the hypothesis that soluble dietary fibres can alter the process of intragastric lipid emulsification and possibly subsequent triacylglycerol lipolysis. Three guar gums, two pectins and gum arabic were dissolved in acidic gastric medium in the concentration range 0.3-2.

Peak expiratory flow rate variability in population surveys. Does the number of assessments matter?

We investigated the effect of reducing the number of daily peak expiratory flow (PEF) measurements on (1) the amplitude of PEF variability and (2) the relationships of this amplitude to bronchial reactivity to methacholine. One hundred seventeen workers (mean age = 38.7 years +/- 9.

Chronic oat bran intake alters postprandial lipemia and lipoproteins in healthy adults.

This study evaluates the possible interaction between chronic oat bran intake and the postmeal metabolic response. Six normolipidemic men consumed three different diets for 14 d, at the end of which they consumed a test meal. The diets were C (control), basal low-fiber diet (15.

Effects of increasing amounts of dietary cholesterol on postprandial lipemia and lipoproteins in human subjects.

Our aim was to determine the effects of increasing amounts of dietary cholesterol (0-710 mg) on the postprandial plasma lipid responses and lipoprotein changes in normolipidemic human subjects. Ten subjects were fed five different test meals in a random order: one meal did not contain fat or cholesterol while the four others contained a fixed amount of lipids (45 g) and 0, 140, 280, and 710 mg cholesterol, respectively. Fasting and post-meal blood samples were obtained for 7 h.

Digestion and absorption of tube-feeding emulsions with different droplet sizes and compositions in the rat.

Assimilation of lipid nutrients depends on the efficiency of emulsified fat hydrolysis by digestive lipases. As shown in vitro, the activity of preduodenal and pancreatic lipases is governed by the physicochemical properties of emulsions. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate in the rat how emulsions are digested and assimilated depending on their droplet size or solute composition.

Effects of moderate amounts of emulsified dietary fat on postprandial lipemia and lipoproteins in normolipidemic adults.

Eight normolipidemic males ingested a meal containing either 42 g fat or 31 g fat in the form of emulsions (9.0 and 9.2 m2) and a fixed amount of retinyl palmitate.

Effects of pea and soybean fibre on postprandial lipaemia and lipoproteins in healthy adults.

To evaluate some possible mechanisms whereby total dietary fibre (TDF) may affect lipid metabolism in humans, six normolipidaemic males ingested on separate days a low-fibre test meal (2.8 g TDF) containing 70 g fat and 756 mg cholesterol, enriched with 10 g TDF in the form of either pea fibre or soybean fibre. Fasting and post-meal blood samples were obtained for 7 h and chylomicrons (CM) were isolated.

Relation between skin surface temperature and minimal blanching during argon, Nd-YAG 532, and CW dye 585 laser therapy of port-wine stains.

Laser photocoagulation has proven to be valuable in the treatment of port-wine stains. In this application, the minimal blanching technique is used as an indicator of suitable dosage since it has been demonstrated that the immediate appearance a white mark is required to achieve permanent blanching a few months later. The objective of the investigations undertaken in this study was to correlate the temperature attained at the surface of port-wine stains with immediate blanching, upon irradiation with different laser fluences.

Sexual intercourse, contraception, and risk-taking behavior among unselected French adolescents aged 11-20 years.

An epidemiological study was carried out among 4,255 adolescents, aged 11-19 years, randomly selected from secondary schools in a northern urban area of France. The questionnaire concerned sexual activity, contraception, health status, licit and illicit drug consumption, and other risk-taking behavior. A total of 31% of the adolescents had had sexual relations (43% of the boys, 20% of the girls).

Long-term wheat germ intake beneficially affects plasma lipids and lipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic human subjects.

In previous short-term studies in rats and humans, the ingestion of raw wheat germ lowered plasma triglycerides and cholesterol. Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the possible long-term effects of wheat germ intake. Diet supplementation with raw wheat germ or partially defatted wheat germ was tested in two separate groups of 10 and 9 free-living human subjects, respectively.

Effects of oat bran, rice bran, wheat fiber, and wheat germ on postprandial lipemia in healthy adults.

Six normolipidemic males ingested on separate days a low-fiber test meal [2.8 g dietary fiber (TDF)] containing 70 g fat and 756 mg cholesterol, enriched or not with 10 g TDF as oat bran, rice bran, or wheat fiber or 4.2 g TDF as wheat germ.

Perforating branches of the basilar bifurcation.

The perforating branches of the upper basilar artery and of the first (P1) segment of the posterior cerebral artery were studied in 50 fixed brains obtained from human cadavers. No vertical branches arose from the basilar bifurcation. The upper basilar artery gave rise to horizontal branches, which were studied with reference to their angle of origin.