Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Children with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum: Mortality and Associated Outcomes.

Data on outcomes of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are limited in patients with pulmonary atresia intact ventricular septum (PAIVS). The objective of this study was to describe the use of ECMO and the associated outcomes in patients with PAIVS. We retrospectively reviewed neonates with PAIVS who received ECMO between 2009 and 2019 in 19 US hospitals affiliated with the Collaborative Research for the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Society (CoRe-PCICS).

The interdependence between rhinovirus cycle threshold values, viral co-detections, and clinical disease severity in children with and without comorbidities.

Rhinoviruses (RVs) are a leading cause of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in children. The relationship between RV viral loads (VL), RV/viral-co-detections and disease severity, is incompletely understood. We studied children and adolescents ≤21 years with RV-ARI that were identified as inpatients or outpatients using a PCR panel from 2011-2013.

Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric hematology-oncology patients.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic disproportionately affected persons with underlying medical conditions. SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and vaccine effectiveness in pediatric hematology-oncology patients were unknown.

Methods: From February to July 2022, anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid Ig were assayed in 354 pediatric hematology-oncology subjects, including 53 oncology patients receiving chemotherapy (cancer), 150 patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), and 151 benign consult and long-term follow-up patients (controls).

From Their Perspective: Pediatric Patients With Acute Mental Health Needs and Prolonged Emergency Department Stays.

Background: The pediatric emergency department (PED) is experiencing a rising volume of patients with mental health concerns, leading to prolonged boarding times and delays in initiating active therapeutic plans. A paucity of research exists for the self-reported pediatric patient experience during such boarding.

Objectives: To inform more individualized and patient-centered PED care for patients boarding for mental health admission, by learning the prior trauma experiences and patient perspective on prolonged PED mental health stays.

Demonstrating responsiveness of the pediatric cardiac quality of life inventory in children and adolescents undergoing arrhythmia ablation, heart transplantation, and valve surgery.

Purpose: Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory (PCQLI) is a disease-specific pediatric cardiac health-related quality of life (HRQOL) instrument that is reliable, valid, and generalizable. We aim to demonstrate PCQLI responsiveness in children undergoing arrhythmia ablation, heart transplantation, and valve surgery before and after cardiac intervention.

Methods: Pediatric cardiac patients 8-18 years of age from 11 centers undergoing arrhythmia ablation, heart transplantation, or valve surgery were enrolled.

Comparison of Ductal Stent Versus Surgical Shunt as Initial Intervention for Neonates with Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum.

Data comparing surgical systemic-to-pulmonary artery shunt and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) stent as the initial palliation procedure for patients with pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) are limited. We sought to compare characteristics and outcomes in a multicenter cohort of patients with PA-IVS undergoing surgical shunts versus PDA stents. We retrospectively reviewed neonates with PA-IVS from 2009 to 2019 in 19 United States centers.

Bortezomib for antibody-mediated rejection of kidney transplant in youth: Associations with donor-specific antibody.

Background: Antibody-mediated rejection is one of the most significant risk factors for allograft dysfunction and failure in children and adolescents with kidney transplants, yet optimal treatment remains unidentified. To date, there are mixed findings regarding the use of Bortezomib, a plasma cell apoptosis inducer, as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of antibody-mediated rejection.

Methods: In a retrospective single center study, we reviewed the efficacy and tolerability of bortezomib as adjunct therapy for treatment-refractory antibody-mediated rejection.

ATS core curriculum 2023. Pediatric pulmonary medicine: Respiratory disorders in infants.

The American Thoracic Society Core Curriculum updates clinicians annually in pediatric pulmonary disease. This is a summary of the Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine Core Curriculum presented at the 2023 American Thoracic Society International Conference. The respiratory disorders of infancy discussed in this year's review include: the care of the patient with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in the neonatal intensive care unit, clinical phenotypes and comorbidities; diffuse lung disease; pulmonary hypertension; central and obstructive sleep apnea.

Comparing the Frequency of Culture-Positive Late Onset Sepsis With the Use of Ceftazidime Versus Cefotaxime in the NICU.

Objective: As broader spectrum antibiotics have been associated with adverse effects, our study evaluated whether the frequency of culture-positive late-onset sepsis (LOS) and multidrug resistant (MDR) infections were increased with the use of ceftazidime as compared with cefotaxime in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Methods: This was a multihospital, retrospective chart review of patients who received at least 24 hours of ceftazidime or cefotaxime in the NICU between December 1, 2012 and August 31, 2021. Patients were excluded from analysis if they expired during the admission, had an incomplete history, positive cultures for an MDR infection prior to receiving either antibiotic, or received the alternate antibiotic within the same treatment course.

Safely Shifting MRIs for Seizure Evaluation to the Outpatient Setting.

Background And Objectives: When a patient is admitted for seizure-like activity, in addition to obtaining a thorough history and physical exam, the evaluation may include a neurology consultation, EEG, and brain MRI. The cost of an inpatient MRI is significant and only 2% of MRIs yield clinically significant findings. At our institution, there was a 20% increase in patients undergoing inpatient MRI from 2018 to 2020.

Reducing Overutilization of High-flow Nasal Cannula in Children with Bronchiolitis.

Background: Bronchiolitis is a leading cause of pediatric hospitalizations. A high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) does not significantly improve clinical outcomes and is associated with increased costs and intensive care unit (ICU) utilization. Despite this, hospitals continue to overuse HFNC in children with bronchiolitis.

Recommendations for centers performing pediatric heart surgery in the United States.

Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus recommendations have been published across numerous fields as one mechanism to promote a high level of care delivery across centers, it has been more than two decades since the last pediatric heart surgery recommendations were published in the United States. More recent guidance is lacking, and collaborative efforts involving the many disciplines engaged in caring for these children have not been undertaken to date.

Recommendations for Centers Performing Pediatric Heart Surgery in the United States.

Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus recommendations have been published across numerous fields as one mechanism to promote a high level of care delivery across centers, it has been more than two decades since the last pediatric heart surgery recommendations were published in the United States. More recent guidance is lacking, and collaborative efforts involving the many disciplines engaged in caring for these children have not been undertaken to date.

Recommendations for Centers Performing Pediatric Heart Surgery in the United States.

Care and outcomes for the more than 40,000 patients undergoing pediatric and congenital heart surgery in the United States annually are known to vary widely. While consensus recommendations have been published across numerous fields as one mechanism to promote a high level of care delivery across centers, it has been more than two decades since the last pediatric heart surgery recommendations were published in the United States. More recent guidance is lacking, and collaborative efforts involving the many disciplines engaged in caring for these children have not been undertaken to date.

Differences in Quality of Life in Children Across the Spectrum of Congenital Heart Disease.

Objective: To create complexity groups based upon a patient's cardiac medical history and to test for group differences in health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Methods: Patients 8-18 years with congenital heart disease (CHD) and parent-proxies from the Pediatric Cardiac Quality of Life Inventory (PCQLI) Testing Study were included. Outcome variables included PCQLI Total, Disease Impact, and Psychosocial Impact scores.

Advocacy at the Eighth World Congress of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery.

The (WCPCCS) will be held in Washington DC, USA, from Saturday, 26 August, 2023 to Friday, 1 September, 2023, inclusive. The will be the largest and most comprehensive scientific meeting dedicated to paediatric and congenital cardiac care ever held. At the time of the writing of this manuscript, has 5,037 registered attendees (and rising) from 117 countries, a truly diverse and international faculty of over 925 individuals from 89 countries, over 2,000 individual abstracts and poster presenters from 101 countries, and a Best Abstract Competition featuring 153 oral abstracts from 34 countries.

Shotgun metagenomic sequencing on skin microbiome indicates dysbiosis exists prior to the onset of atopic dermatitis.

Background: While the microbiome is increasingly seen as a targetable contributor to atopic dermatitis (AD), questions remain as to whether the dysbiosis is secondary to diseased skin or if it predates symptom onset. Previous work has evaluated how the skin microbiome changes with age and established the influence of factors like delivery mode and breastfeeding on global microbiome diversity. However, these studies were unable to identify taxa which predict subsequent AD.