Inherent asymmetry of Rpd3S coordinates its nucleosome engagement and association with elongating RNA polymerase II.

The Rpd3S histone deacetylase complex has a crucial role in genomic integrity by deacetylating transcribed nucleosomes following RNA polymerase (Pol) II passage. Cryo-EM studies highlight the importance of asymmetrical Rco1-Eaf3 dimers in nucleosome binding, yet the interaction dynamics with nucleosomal substrates alongside elongating Pol II are poorly understood. Here we demonstrate the essential function of the Rco1 N-terminal intrinsically disordered region (IDR) in modulating Pol II association, in which K/R mutations within the Rco1 IDR impair interaction of Rpd3S with the C-terminal domain (CTD) of Rpb1, without affecting nucleosome recognition or complex integrity.

Attention-based deep learning for accurate cell image analysis.

High-content analysis (HCA) holds enormous potential for drug discovery and research, but widely used methods can be cumbersome and yield inaccurate results. Noisy and redundant signals in cell images impede accurate deep learning-based image analysis. To address these issues, we introduce X-Profiler, a novel HCA method that combines cellular experiments, image processing, and deep learning modeling.

Bidirectional histone monoaminylation dynamics regulate neural rhythmicity.

Histone H3 monoaminylations at Gln5 represent an important family of epigenetic marks in brain that have critical roles in permissive gene expression. We previously demonstrated that serotonylation and dopaminylation of Gln5 of histone H3 (H3Q5ser and H3Q5dop, respectively) are catalysed by transglutaminase 2 (TG2), and alter both local and global chromatin states. Here we found that TG2 additionally functions as an eraser and exchanger of H3 monoaminylations, including H3Q5 histaminylation (H3Q5his), which displays diurnally rhythmic expression in brain and contributes to circadian gene expression and behaviour.

Erythema nodosum, malignant melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer in relation to inflammatory bowel disease: a Mendelian randomization study.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multisystem condition that could affect the cutaneous systems, namely cutaneous extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs). It has been suggested that IBD is associated with erythema nodosum (EN), malignant melanoma (MM) and non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC). However, the potential causal relationship between IBD and the mentioned above cutaneous EIMs is still unclear.

Electrical conductivity in the mantle transition zone beneath eastern Central Asian Orogenic Belt revealed by geomagnetic signals.

In the eastern segment of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), there is widespread volcanic magma activity. However, there is still considerable controversy over the formation mechanisms and material sources of these volcanoes. The mantle transition zone (MTZ), as a necessary channel for the upward and downward movement of mantle material and energy exchange may provide crucial constraints on the dynamic mechanisms of volcanic activity.

Microglia depletion reduces neurodegeneration and remodels extracellular matrix in a mouse Parkinson's disease model triggered by α-synuclein overexpression.

Chronic neuroinflammation with sustained microglial activation occurs in Parkinson's disease (PD), yet the mechanisms and exact contribution of these cells to the neurodegeneration remains poorly understood. In this study, we induced progressive dopaminergic neuron loss in mice via rAAV-hSYN injection to cause the neuronal expression of α-synuclein, which produced neuroinflammation and behavioral alterations. We administered PLX5622, a colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor, for 3 weeks prior to rAAV-hSYN injection, maintaining it for 8 weeks to eliminate microglia.

AFM observation of protein translocation mediated by one unit of SecYEG-SecA complex.

Protein translocation across cellular membranes is an essential and nano-scale dynamic process. In the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, the core proteins in this process are a membrane protein complex, SecYEG, corresponding to the eukaryotic Sec61 complex, and a cytoplasmic protein, SecA ATPase. Despite more than three decades of extensive research on Sec proteins, from genetic experiments to cutting-edge single-molecule analyses, no study has visually demonstrated protein translocation.

China's product-level CO emissions dataset aligned with national input-output tables from 1997 to 2020.

Carbon emission research based on input-output tables (IOTs) has received attention, but data quality issues persist due to inconsistencies between the sectoral scopes of energy statistics and IOTs. Specifically, China's official energy data are reported at the industry level, whereas IOTs are organized by product sectors. Valid IOT-based environmental models require consistent transformation from industry-level to product-level emissions.

MoS-confined Rh-Zn atomic pair boosts photo-driven methane carbonylation to acetic acid.

Direct carbonylation of CH to CHCOOH provides a promising pathway for upgrading of natural gas to transportable liquid chemicals, in which high-efficiency CH activation and controllable C-C coupling are both critical but challenging. Herein, we report that highly efficient photo-driven carbonylation of CH with CO and O to CHCOOH is achieved over MoS-confined Rh-Zn atomic-pair in conjunction with TiO. It delivers a high CHCOOH productivity of 152.

Design and Construction of a Porphyrin-Based Samarium(III)-Metal-Organic Framework for Antibiotic Detection.

Porphyrins bearing the unique 18π electron tetrapyrrolic macrocycles exhibit interesting photophysical and photochemical properties and have been considered as promising ligands for the construction of functionalized metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The combination of porphyrin-type ligands with lanthanide metals featured with diverse coordination environments to realize the novel functions as well as the diversity of the MOF is thus attractive but challenging. Herein, an unprecedented porphyrin-based samarium MOF (Sm-BCPP) composed of a 5,10-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)-10,20-diphenyl porphyrin (HBCPP) ligand and samarium-formed one-dimensional clusters has been constructed via a solvothermal approach, and the synthesized Sm-BCPP has excellent chemical stabilities, exhibiting red luminescence.

Epigenetic Mechanisms in Osteoporosis: Exploring the Power of mA RNA Modification.

Osteoporosis, recognised as a metabolic disorder, has emerged as a significant burden on global health. Although available treatments have made considerable advancements, they remain inadequately addressed. In recent years, the role of epigenetic mechanisms in skeletal disorders has garnered substantial attention, particularly concerning mA RNA modification.

Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer: updates and best practices for multiplex immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunofluorescence (IF) image analysis and data sharing.

Objectives: Multiplex immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence (mIHC/IF) are emerging technologies that can be used to help define complex immunophenotypes in tissue, quantify immune cell subsets, and assess the spatial arrangement of marker expression. mIHC/IF assays require concerted efforts to optimize and validate the multiplex staining protocols prior to their application on slides. The best practice guidelines for staining and validation of mIHC/IF assays across platforms were previously published by this task force.

Vegetables containing sulfur compounds promote trans-isomerization of unsaturated fatty acids in triacylglycerols during the cooking process.

Growing evidence indicates that the intake of trans-fatty acids (TFAs) has been associated with a higher risk of cardiovascular disease; therefore, various industrial measures have been taken to reduce the amount of TFAs consumed. However, research on TFAs formed during cooking is limited. Isothiocyanates and polysulfides, which are widely distributed in various vegetables, have recently been shown to promote the cis-trans isomerization of double bonds.

Lipophilic antioxidants in edible oils: Mechanisms, applications and interactions.

Essential fatty acids (EFAs) in edible oils are crucial for human nutrition. However, their high unsaturation renders edible oils susceptible to oxidation during storage and processing. The addition of lipophilic antioxidants is an effective strategy to inhibit oxidation and safeguard the nutritional integrity of edible oils.

Mechanisms by which Ganglioside GM1, a specific type of glycosphingolipid, ameliorates BMAA-induced neurotoxicity in early-life stage of zebrafish embryos.

The neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) produced by cyanobacteria is widely present in foods and dietary supplements, posing a significant threat to human health. Ganglioside GM1 (GM1) has demonstrated potential for treating neurodegenerative diseases; however, its ability to prevent BMAA-induced neurotoxicity remains uncertain. In this study, zebrafish embryos were treated with Ganglioside GM1 to investigate its neuroprotective effects against BMAA exposure and the underlying mechanisms.

Yeast community in the first-round fermentation of sauce-flavor Baijiu: Source, succession and metabolic function.

Yeasts play a crucial role in determining the quality and yield of sauce-flavor Baijiu, yet the source, succession, and metabolic functions of the yeast community in fermented grains during stacking fermentation remains unclear. In this study, amplicon sequencing combined with solid-state fermentation was used to investigate the structure and function of yeast community during the first-round fermentation of sauce-flavor Baijiu. The richness and diversity of yeast community increased throughout fermentation, with 83.

Insights into the regulation mechanisms of dual hydrothermal treatment on the structure and digestive characteristics of A- and B-type wheat starch granules.

Hydrothermal treatment is a physical modification technology to alter starch structures for the production of resistant starch (RS). However, the underlying regulation mechanism of the multiscale structure and digestive properties of starch by dual hydrothermal synergistic treatment remains unclear. To solve this problem, A- and B-type wheat starch granules (AWS and BWS) were separated and subjected to toughening and heat-moisture synergistic treatment (THT) with various moisture content (10 %, 15 %, 20 %, 25 %).

Eurotium-Cristatum fermented black tea alleviates ulcerative colitis through the PPARγ-NF-κB signaling axis.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel condition that significantly impairs patient quality of life and remains incurable. Effective dietary management is crucial for both prevention and treatment. This study investigates the effects and mechanisms of Eurotium cristatum-fermented black tea (FBT) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mouse model using transcriptome sequencing, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry.

Exploring the synergistic effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1-24-LJ and lipase on improving Quality, Flavor, and safety of Suanzharou.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the addition of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum 1-24-LJ and lipase on physicochemical indexes, nutrition, and flavour substances during Suanzharou's fermentation. Individually, the lipase supplementation expedited the synthesis of organic acids and free fatty acids, thus rapidly acidifying the fermentation environment. Compared to C (8.

Bioavailability of encapsulated rosmarinic acid and β-Carotene in beef Sausages: A Caco-2 cell study.

In this study, we examined the bioavailability and functionality of rosmarinic acid and β-carotene in beef sausages using Caco-2 cell models. Digesta from enriched sausages showed high antioxidant activity, with 89.2% DPPH and 87.

Adhesive conductive wood-based hydrogel with high tensile strength as a flexible sensor.

Conductive hydrogels have promising applications for flexible strain sensors. However, most hydrogels have poor tensile strength and are susceptible to damage, significantly impeding their potential for further application. Wood has been used to reinforce hydrogels, significantly enhancing their strength and dimensional stability.

Pickering high internal phase emulsions stabilized by soy protein isolate/κ-carrageenan complex for enhanced stability, bioavailability, and absorption mechanisms of nobiletin.

Nobiletin (NOB), a lipid-soluble polymethoxyflavone with potent antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties, suffers from poor stability and pH sensitivity, limiting its bioavailability. In this study, Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) stabilized by soy protein isolate (SPI) and κ-carrageenan (KC) were developed to encapsulate and protect NOB. The emulsions, containing a 75 % medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) volume fraction, were optimized by investigating the effects of pH and KC concentration on the key properties such as the creaming index, particle size, zeta potential, microstructure, and rheology.

The effect of carbohydrates with different levels of digestibility on energy metabolism in vivo under hypobaric hypoxic conditions.

Current strategies for improving energy supply in hypobaric hypoxic environments are limited. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of four carbohydrates with different levels of digestibility on energy metabolism in vivo in hypobaric hypoxic environments. First, we characterized the four types of carbohydrates.

Regulation of whey protein emulsion gel's structure with pullulan to enhance astaxanthin bioaccessibility.

In this study, the potential of using an emulsion gel based on whey protein concentrate (WPC) and pullulan (PUL) to encapsulate and deliver astaxanthin (AST) was investigated. PUL concentration was observed to affect the microstructure of WPC/PUL/AST emulsion gels, and the performance of emulsion gels was evaluated by encapsulation efficiency, simulated gastrointestinal digestion, storage stability, hardness, and water holding capacity tests. The WPC/PUL/AST emulsion gels had the highest encapsulation efficiency, gastrointestinal digestion retention, and bioaccessibility of (91.