Immunophenotypic analysis on circulating T cells for early diagnosis of lung cancer.

The immune system continuously interacts with tumors, possibly leading to systemic alterations in circulating immune cells. However, the potential of these cancer-associated changes for diagnostic purposes remains poorly explored. To investigate this, we conducted a comprehensive flow cytometric analysis of 452 peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) samples from 206 non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 100 small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients, 94 healthy individuals, and 52 benign lung disease (BLD) patients.

Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the critical role of alternative splicing in cattle testicular spermatagonia.

Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) form haploid gametes through the precisely regulated process of spermatogenesis. Within the testis, SSCs undergo self-renewal through mitosis, differentiation, and then enter meiosis to generate mature spermatids. This study utilized single-cell RNA sequencing on 26,888 testicular cells obtained from five Holstein bull testes, revealing the presence of five distinct germ cell types and eight somatic cell types in cattle testes.

Lipid droplet formation induced by icaritin derivative IC2 promotes a combination strategy for cancer therapy.

Background: Lipid metabolism is crucial in cancer progression. Lipid droplets (LDs) generated in cancer cells can act as protective mechanisms through alleviating lipotoxicity under stress conditions. We previously developed IC2 from the Chinese medicine icaritin as an inhibitor of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1).

Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of ammonia-producing microorganisms in the lungs of patients with severe pneumonia: a multicentre cohort study.

Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum, and Mycoplasma hominis were widely known as ammonia-producing microorganisms and can cause hyperammonemia, leading to cerebral edema and altered consciousness, which represent serious complications in lung transplant recipients. However, there is limited knowledge on the epidemiology and outcomes of infections caused by U. urealyticum, U.

Unveiling the molecular blueprint of SKP-SCs-mediated tissue engineering-enhanced neuroregeneration.

Peripheral nerve injury poses a significant challenge to the nervous system's regenerative capacity. We previously described a novel approach to construct a chitosan/silk fibroin nerve graft with skin-derived precursor-induced Schwann cells (SKP-SCs). This graft has been shown to promote sciatic nerve regeneration and functional restoration to a level comparable to that achieved by autologous nerve grafts, as evidenced by behavioral, histological, and electrophysiological assessments.

WNT4 promotes the symmetric fission of crypt in radiation-induced intestinal epithelial regeneration.

Background: Radiotherapy for pelvic malignant tumors inevitably causes intestinal tissue damage. The regeneration of intestinal epithelium after radiation injury relies mainly on crypt fission. However, little is known about the regulatory mechanisms of crypt fission events.

A machine learning approach for identification of vascular access patency in hemodialysis patients using photoplethysmography: A pilot study.

Introduction: Vascular access (VA) is essential for patients with hemodialysis, and its dysfunction is a major complication that can reduce quality of life or even threaten life. VA patency is not only difficult to predict on an individual basis, but also challenging to predict in real-time. To overcome this challenge, this study aimed to develop a machine learning approach to predict 6-month primary patency (PP) using photoplethysmography (PPG) signals acquired from the tips of both index fingers.

PEDOT: PSS-Modified Organic Flexible and Implantable Microelectrode for Internal Bi-Directional Electrophysiology of Three-Dimensional Cardiomyocyte Spheroid.

Three-dimensional (3D) cardiomyocyte spheroids are essential models to replicate cardiac structural and functional features in vitro. However, conventional planar and rigid microelectrode arrays (MEAs) suffer from low-quality electrophysiological recording of 3D cultures, due to limited contact areas and weak coupling between cells and MEA chips. Herein, we developed a PEDOT: PSS-modified organic flexible and implantable MEA (OFI-MEA) coupled with a self-developed integrated biosensing platform to achieve high-throughput, long-term, and stable bidirectional internal electrophysiology in 3D cardiomyocyte spheroids.

Association between social engagement decline and cognitive function changes: mediating effect of depressive symptoms.

Background: Cognitive decline is a significant public health problem worldwide, but little is known about social engagement's impact on cognitive changes over time. This study aimed to explore the relationship between social engagement decline and cognitive function change in Chinese adults, and to analyze the effect of changes in depressive symptoms on this relationship.

Methods: Participants were selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.

Impacts of osteosarcopenia on musculoskeletal health, risks of falls and fractures, and activities of daily living among population aged 50 and above: an age- and sex-matched cross-sectional analysis.

Aims: We conducted this study to investigate the impact of muscle loss on musculoskeletal health, fall and fracture risks, and activities of daily living (ADL) in elderly patients with osteoporosis.

Materials And Methods: This age- and sex-matched cross-sectional study analyzed data from a medical center involving patients aged ≥ 50 from 2020 to 2022. The included participants were formed into three groups: 100 with osteoporosis only, 100 with osteosarcopenia, and 50 control individuals without osteoporosis and sarcopenia.

Deciphering the molecular basis of lipoprotein recognition and transport by LolCDE.

Outer membrane (OM) lipoproteins serve vital roles in Gram-negative bacteria, contributing to their pathogenicity and drug resistance. For these lipoproteins to function, they must be transported from the inner membrane (IM), where they are assembled, to the OM by the ABC transporter LolCDE. We have previously captured structural snapshots of LolCDE in multiple states, revealing its dynamic conformational changes.

Risk stratification based on changes in the standard maximal uptake value on PET/CT and the plasma Epstein‒Barr virus (EBV) DNA status after two cycles of chemotherapy for extranodal NK-/T-cell lymphoma.

Although different types of prognostic indices have been applied in extranodal NK-/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL), they are based mainly on clinical characteristics before treatment. Moreover, these methods lack early assessment and tumor metabolic parameters. It remains unclear whether changes in the plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA (EBVDNA) status and SUVmax after two cycles of chemotherapy may predict disease prognosis.

Improving Optical Efficiency and Luminance of GaN-Based Micro-Light-Emitting Diodes for High-Resolution Displays via NH Plasma Pretreatment.

GaN-based micro-light-emitting diodes (Micro-LEDs) are regarded as promising light sources for near-eye-display applications such as augmented reality/virtual reality (AR/VR) displays due to their high resolution, high brightness, and low power consumption. However, the application of Micro-LEDs in high-pixel-per-inch (PPI) displays is constrained by the drop in efficiency caused by sidewall defects in small-sized devices. In this study, a process method involving NH plasma pretreatment to reduce sidewall defects is proposed and investigated for enhancing the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of small-sized devices.

Intelligent Gesture Recognition Gloves for Real-Time Monitoring in Wireless Human-Computer Interaction.

Flexible sensors mimic the sensing ability of human skin, and have unique flexibility and adaptability, allowing users to interact with intelligent systems in a more natural and intimate way. To overcome the issues of low sensitivity and limited operating range of flexible strain sensors, this study presents a highly innovative preparation method to develop a conductive elastomeric sensor with a cracked thin film by combining polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MCNT). This novel design significantly increases both the sensitivity and operating range of the sensor (strain range 0-50%; the maximum tensile sensitivity of this sensor reaches 4.

Traditional Chinese medicine-based drug delivery systems for anti-tumor therapies.

The treatment of tumors continues to be significantly challenging. The presence of multiple modalities, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy, the therapeutic outcomes remain limited and are often associated with adverse effects and inconsistent efficacy across cancer types. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of active components from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for their anti-cancer properties, which are attributable to multi-targeted mechanisms and broad pharmacological actions.

Active herbal ingredients and drug delivery design for tumor therapy: a review.

Active herbal ingredients are gaining recognition for their potent anti-tumor efficacy, attributable to various mechanisms including tumor cell inhibition, immune system activation, and tumor angiogenesis inhibition. Recent studies have revealed that numerous anti-tumor herbal ingredients, such as ginsenosides, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, and Angelica sinensis polysaccharides, can be utilized to develop smart drug carriers like liposomes, micelles, and nanoparticles. These carriers can deliver active herbal ingredients and co-deliver anti-tumor drugs to enhance drug accumulation at tumor sites, thereby improving anti-tumor efficacy.

Blue Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes toward Full-Color Displays: Materials, Devices, and Large-Scale Fabrication.

Quantum dots (QDs) light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) are gaining significant interest for the next generation of display and lighting applications because of their wide color gamut, cost-effective solution processability, and good stability. The last decades have witnessed rapid advances in improving their efficiency and lifetime. So far, among the three primary colors of QLEDs devices, the performance of blue QLEDs is considerably inferior to that of green and red ones including Cd-based and Cd-free devices, which is a key bottleneck hindering QLEDs' application.

Mutational signatures define immune and Wnt-associated subtypes of ampullary carcinoma.

Background And Objective: Ampullary carcinoma (AMPAC) taxonomy is based on morphology and immunohistochemistry. This classification lacks prognostic reliability and unique genetic associations. We applied an approach of integrative genomics characterising patients with AMPAC exploring molecular subtypes that may guide personalised treatments.

Effect of imatinib on lipopolysaccharide‑induced acute lung injury and endothelial dysfunction through the P38 MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways in vivo and in vitro.

Background: The primary purpose of this study was to demonstrate the preventive effects of imatinib (IMA) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in a mouse model of acute lung injury (ALI) and human umbilical vascular endothelial cells.

Methods: LPS stimulation for 24h induced ALI and cell inflammation. The pathological results of the lungs were evaluated using the wet/dry weight ratio, pulmonary vascular permeability measurements, and myeloperoxidase immunohistochemistry.

Trichinella spiralis excretory/secretory antigens ameliorate porcine epidemic diarrhea virus-induced mucosal damage in porcine intestinal oganoids by alleviating inflammation and promoting tight junction.

Trichinella spiralis and porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) are two infectious swine pathogens. Parasite excretory/secretory antigens play critical roles in various disease processes. To explore the coexistence mechanism of two pathogens infecting the same host, the intestinal organoid was utilized to reproduce these biological processes.

Trehalose and Mannitol Based Lyoprotetion of Taq DNA Polymerase for Cold-chain-free Long-term Storage.

Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) are most reliable and precise means for nucleic acid analysis of biological samples. A cold-chain system with temperature at around -20°C is generally necessary for storage and transportation of PCR-related reagents. In order to facilitate ambient temperature storage and transportation, this study prepared Taq DNA polymerase and 5 × HS-Taq Mix (as low as 0.

Mitochondrial homeostatic imbalance-mediated developmental toxicity to HS in embryonic zebrafish.

Hydrogen sulfide (HS) is a pervasive environmental and industrial pollutant that poses a substantial threat to human health. Even short-term exposure to HS can result in severe respiratory and neurological damage. However, the underlying mechanisms of its biotoxicity remain unclear.

Phenylpropanoid dimers from Chrysanthemum indicum with antioxidant effects via activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Five phenylpropanoid dimers chrysanthephenyls A-E, with the 1-O-1'-type (1) and 1-O-2'-type (2-5) ether bond linking modes, were isolated from the aerial parts of Chrysanthemum indicum. Among them, chrysanthephenyls D and E were two pairs of enantiomers, and chrysanthephenyl E was further resolved into its enantiomers (+)-chrysanthephenyl E and (-)-chrysanthephenyl E via chiral-phase HPLC. Their structures were characterized on the basic analysis of the spectroscopic techniques (IR, HRESIMS, 1D and 2D NMR), and their absolute configurations were determined by DP4+ NMR analysis and ECD calculation method.

AYVM to AYMM transition on HER2 exon 20 insertion induces TKI resistance in NSCLC.

Pyrotinib, a novel pan-HER tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has demonstrated substantial anti-tumor activity in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harboring HER2 mutations. However, the inevitable resistance to pyrotinib necessitates an in-depth understanding of the underlying mechanisms. In this study, potential resistance-associated mutations were identified through genomic sequencing of clinically paired samples and were validated using in vitro and in vivo models.