Unveiling the role of OsSAP17: Enhancing plant resistance to drought and salt.

With the intensification of climate change coupled with the inadequate agricultural management in certain regions, plants face numerous challenges due to various abiotic stresses. Stress associated proteins (SAPs) are essential functional genes in plants for coping with stress. This research provides a functional analysis of OsSAP17, a protein belonging to the SAP family in rice.

Aerosol particles released from grit chambers of nine urban wastewater treatment plants in typical regions: Fugitive characteristics, quantitative drivers, and generation process.

The flow through the grit chamber is non-biochemically treated wastewater, which contains microorganisms mainly from the source of wastewater generation. There are limited reports on aerosol particles generated by grit chambers compared with those produced by biochemical treatment tanks. This study analyzed the fugitive characteristics of aerosol particles produced in grit chambers at nine wastewater treatment plants in three regions of China.

Solvent-modulated preparation of lead-free CsBiIpolycrystalline film for high-performance photodetectors.

Lead-free cesium bismuth iodide (CsBiI) perovskite exhibits extraordinary optoelectronic properties and attractive potential in various optoelectronic devices, especially the application for photodetectors. However, most CsBiIphotodetectors demonstrated poor detection performance due to the difficulty in obtaining high-quality polycrystalline films. Therefore, it makes sense to modulate the preparation of high-quality CsBiIpolycrystalline films and expand its applications.

Regioselective 1,4-Addition of P(O)-H Species to In SituFormed 1-Benzopyrylium Ion from C3-Substituted 2-Chromene Hemiketals to Construct C3-Functionalized C4-Phosphorylated 4-Chromenes.

Herein, we report the first example that P(O)-H species including -phosphonates and -phosphine oxides could participate in a highly regioselective 1,4-addition to in situ generated 1-benzopyrylium ion from C3-substituted 2-chromene hemiketals, which provides a brand-new and effective approach for the synthesis of C4-phosphorylated 4-chromenes with diverse C3-functionality (ketone, ester, sulfonyl, aryl, and alkyl groups). In total, the reaction features the use of inexpensive Zn(ClO)·6HO as a catalyst, low catalyst loading (only 5 mol %), mild reaction conditions (60 °C, 10 min to 24 h), and broad substrate scope (46 examples) as well as good to high yields (>90% yield on average). More importantly, mechanistic experiments demonstrated the essential role of the C3-substituent on 2-chromene hemiketals in stabilizing the in situ generated 1-benzopyrylium ion and the regioselective 1,4-addition control.

Associations between 25-hydroxyvitamin D/calcium/alkaline phosphatase levels and the risk of developing kidney stones: Results from NHANES (2013-2018)-based and Mendelian randomization studies.

This study explores the relationship between 25-hydroxyvitamin D/calcium/alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels and kidney stone development via cross-sectional and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013 to 2018 to explore the associations of 25(OH)D metabolite, calcium, and ALP levels with kidney stone development, LDSC analysis to determine the associations between their genetically predicted levels and kidney stone development, and MR analysis to determine the causality of those relationship via genome-wide association studies (GWASs). The cross-sectional study revealed a relationship between ALP levels and kidney stone development (Model 1: OR = 1.

Recent advances in osteoarthritis research: A review of treatment strategies, mechanistic insights, and acupuncture.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint condition affecting millions worldwide, characterized by the gradual degeneration of joint cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and functional impairment. Although the pathogenesis of OA is not fully understood, the roles of inflammation, metabolic dysregulation, and biomechanical stress are increasingly recognized. Current treatments, including pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, and surgical interventions, aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life, yet they face limitations and challenges.

The effect of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization technique combined with Kinesio Taping on neuromuscular function and pain self-efficacy in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain: A randomized trial.

Background: This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) technology paired with Kinesio Taping in patients with persistent nonspecific low back pain, as well as the effect on neuromuscular function and pain self-efficacy.

Methods: A randomized controlled clinical study was conducted to collect clinical data on DNS combined with KT for the treatment of chronic nonspecific low back pain from November 2023 to April 2024. The inclusion criteria were patients with chronic nonspecific lower back pain, aged between 18 and 30 years old, and without serious underlying medical conditions, such as cardiac disease, hypertension, and diabetes.

Factors associated with higher caregiver burden among informal caregivers of Parkinson's disease: A systematic review.

Background: Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the care burden in informal caregivers is huge. Summarizing factors associated with the informal caregivers burden can improve our understanding of providing proactive support to informal caregivers caring for patients with Parkinson's disease (PwP) at risk, and provides evidence for clinical practice.

Methods: PRISMA guidelines were followed in this systematic review.

Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating Plasma Cells Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Machine Learning for Multiple Myeloma Monitoring.

Multiple myeloma is a hematologic malignancy characterized by the proliferation of abnormal plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite therapeutic advancements, there remains a critical need for reliable, noninvasive methods to monitor multiple myeloma. Circulating plasma cells (CPCs) in peripheral blood are robust and independent prognostic markers, but their detection is challenging due to their low abundance.

Correlative Raman-Voltage Microscopy Revealing the Localized Structure-Stress Relationship in Silicon Solar Cells.

Knowledge of localized strain at the micrometer scale is essential for tailoring the electrical and mechanical properties of ongoing thinning of crystal silicon (c-Si) solar cells. Thinning c-Si wafers below 110 m are susceptible to cracking in manufacturing due to the nonuniform stress distribution at a micrometer region, necessitating a rigorous technique to reveal the localized stress distribution correlating with its device electrical output. In this context, a Raman microscopy integrated with a photovoltage mapping setup with high resolution to the submicrometer scale is developed to acquire correlative Raman-voltage of the localized physical properties at the microcracks on the rear side of c-Si solar cells.

Dissecting the Genetic Basis of Preharvest Sprouting in Rice Using a Genome-Wide Association Study.

Preharvest sprouting (PHS) is an unfavorable trait in cereal crops that significantly reduces grain yield and quality. However, the regulatory mechanisms underlying this complex trait are still largely unknown. Here, 276 rice accessions from the 3000 Rice Genomes Project were used to perform a genome-wide association study.

Efficacy comparison and outcome predictors of GPi- and STN-targeted deep brain stimulation for Meige syndrome: a systematic review of individual patient data.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate outcomes of deep brain stimulation (DBS) for Meige syndrome, compare the efficacy of globus pallidus internus (GPi) and subthalamic nucleus (STN) as targets, and identify potential outcome predictors.

Methods: The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched to collect individual data from patients with Meige syndrome receiving DBS. Outcomes were assessed using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale motor (BFMDRS-M) and disability (BFMDRS-D) scores.

One hundred thirty-four germ line PU.1 variants and the agammaglobulinemic patients carrying them.

Leukopoiesis is lethally arrested in mice lacking the master transcriptional regulator PU.1. Depending on the animal model, subtotal PU.

Observation of Robust Compressed CuO Octahedra and Exotic Spin Structure in CaCuFeO.

CuO octahedra usually show elongated distortion, leading to active orbitals and planar exchange interactions, while compressed CuO octahedra with active orbitals and unidirectional exchange interactions are exceptionally rare. Here, we design and synthesize a new frustrated antiferromagnet CaCuFeO through a high-pressure and high-temperature approach, in which robust compressed CuO octahedra are realized, separating the FeO sheets that comprise zigzag spin ladders. Magnetic susceptibility and specific heat measurements exhibit a long-range antiferromagnetic order below the Néel temperature of 165 K, which is further confirmed by neutron diffraction.

Solitary Axillary Lymph Node Metastasis From Ovarian Cancer on 18F-FDG PET/CT.

Solitary axillary lymph node metastasis from ovarian cancer is rare. A 74-year-old woman who had undergone hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for ovarian cancer 2 years ago presented to our hospital with enlarged axillary lymph node. 18F-FDG PET/CT revealed left axillary lymphadenopathy with an SUVmax of 8.

Superconductor-Insulator Transition Induced by Precise Subtripled Vapor Chemical Gating.

Recent progress in superconductor-insulator transition has shed light on the intermediate metallic state with unique electronic inhomogeneity. The microscopic model, suggesting that carrier spatial distribution plays a decisive role in the intermediate state, has been instrumental in understanding the quantum transition. However, the narrow carrier density window in which the intermediate state exists necessitates precise control of the gate dielectric layer, presenting a challenge to in situ map the carrier spatial distribution.

Prevalence of FGFR2b Protein Overexpression in Advanced Gastric Cancers During Prescreening for the Phase III FORTITUDE-101 Trial.

Purpose: Fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 isoform IIIb (FGFR2b) protein overexpression is an emerging biomarker in gastric cancer and gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC). We assessed FGFR2b protein overexpression prevalence in nearly 3,800 tumor samples as part of the prescreening process for a global phase III study in patients with newly diagnosed advanced or metastatic GC.

Methods: As of June 28, 2024, 3,782 tumor samples from prescreened patients from 37 countries for the phase III FORTITUDE-101 trial (ClinicalTrials.

Low-Cost Preparation of Wafer-Scale Au(111) Single Crystals for the Epitaxy of Two-Dimensional Layered Materials.

Single-crystal Au(111), renowned for its chemically inert surface, long-range "herringbone" reconstruction, and high electrical conductivity, has long served as an exemplary template in diverse fields, , crystal epitaxy, electronics, and electrocatalysis. However, commercial Au(111) products are high-priced and limited to centimeter sizes, largely restricting their broad applications. Herein, a low-cost, high-reproducible method is developed to produce 4 in.

Precision Metal Nanoclusters Meet Proteins: Crafting Next-Gen Hybrid Materials.

Metal nanoclusters (NCs), owing to their atomic precision and unique molecule-like properties, have gained widespread attention for applications ranging from catalysis to bioimaging. In recent years, proteins, with their hierarchical structures and diverse functionalities, have emerged as good candidates for functionalizing metal NCs, rendering metal NC-protein conjugates with combined and even synergistically enhanced properties featured by both components. In this Perspective, we explore key questions regarding why proteins serve as complementary partners for metal NCs, the methodologies available for conjugating proteins with metal NCs, and the characterization techniques necessary to elucidate the structures and interactions within this emerging bionano system.

Significant Impact of a Daytime Halogen Oxidant on Coastal Air Quality.

Chlorine radicals (Cl) are highly reactive and affect the fate of air pollutants. Several field studies in China have revealed elevated levels of daytime molecular chlorine (Cl), which, upon photolysis, release substantial amounts of Cl but are poorly represented in current chemical transport models. Here, we implemented a parametrization for the formation of daytime Cl through the photodissociation of particulate nitrate in acidic environments into a regional model and assessed its impact on coastal air quality during autumn in South China.

Phosphorylation-dependent VaMYB4a regulates cold stress in grapevine by inhibiting VaPIF3 and activating VaCBF4.

Cold stress severely impacts the quality and yield of grapevine (Vitis L.). In this study, we extend our previous work to elucidate the role and regulatory mechanisms of Vitis amurensis MYB transcription factor 4a (VaMYB4a) in grapevine's response to cold stress.

LACCASE35 Enhances Lignification and Resistance Against Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae Infection in Kiwifruit.

Kiwifruit bacterial canker, a highly destructive disease caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), seriously affects kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) production.

The ASPARAGINE-RICH PROTEIN-LYST-INTERACTING PROTEIN5 complex regulates non-canonical AUTOPHAGY8 degradation in Arabidopsis.

The endocytic and autophagic pathways play important roles in abiotic stress responses and maintaining cellular homeostasis in plants. Asparagine Rich Proteins (NRPs) are plant-specific stress-responsive proteins that are involved in many abiotic stress-related signaling pathways. We previously demonstrated that NRP promotes PIN FORMED 2 (PIN2) vacuolar degradation to maintain PIN2 homeostasis under abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana).

NK cell exhaustion in Wilson's disease revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing predicts the prognosis of cholecystitis.

Metabolic abnormalities associated with liver disease have a significant impact on the risk and prognosis of cholecystitis. However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated this issue using Wilson's disease (WD) as a model, which is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired mitochondrial function and copper metabolism.

Chalcogen Substitution-Modulated Molecule-Electrode Coupling in Single-Molecule Junctions.

Molecule-electrode interfaces play a pivotal role in defining the electron transport properties of molecular electronic devices. While extensive research has concentrated on optimizing molecule-electrode coupling (MEC) involving electrode materials and molecular anchoring groups, the role of the molecular backbone structure in modulating MEC is equally vital. Additionally, it is known that the incorporation of heteroatoms into the molecular backbone notably influences factors such as energy levels and conductive characteristics.