Prevalence and Intriguing Clinical Profiles of Autoimmune Inner Ear Diseases in Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss.

Introduction: Sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) is idiopathic in 70-90% of cases with 10-30% linked to vascular injuries, viral infections, or autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED). AIED contributes to less than 1% of all hearing losses, categorized into primary, affecting only the inner ear, and secondary, associated with systemic autoimmune diseases (SAID). This study examines the prevalence and features of AIED in SSNHL in a tertiary referral center.

Effect of betahistine on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in autoimmune inner ear disease and Meniere's disease patients.

Objective: Betahistine is a partial H1 receptor agonist and a potent H3 receptor antagonist commonly used for the treatment of MD and peripheral vertigo. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of betahistine on the salt induced cytokine expression profiles of AIED and MD patients.

Methods: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were obtained from 24 patients with autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) or Meniere's disease (MD) during an acute exacerbation of hearing loss.

Global trend analysis, mechanistic insights and future directions of autoimmune ear diseases: Based on comprehensive findings over the past 20 years.

Background: In recent years, Autoimmune diseases (ADs) and hearing loss are both significant public health burdens worldwide. An increasing number of studies are focusing on the potential link between these two diseases and exploring how hearing loss can be prevented and treated in the context of autoimmune diseases. In response to this focus, it is very necessary to conduct bibliometric analysis and molecular mechanism exploration to provide guidance for the exploration of basic mechanisms and clinical management.

Practical imaging for Ménière's disease.

Ménière's disease (MD) is a chronic disorder of the inner ear characterized by vertigo, hearing loss, tinnitus, and aural fullness. The pathophysiology of MD involves endolymphatic hydrops, an abnormal accumulation of endolymph fluid, although the exact cause remains unclear, potentially involving genetic, environmental, and autoimmune factors. Recent advancements in magnetic resonance imaging have significantly enhanced diagnostic capabilities.

Association between hydroxychloroquine intake and damage to the outer nuclear layer in eyes without manifest retinal toxicity.

Background: Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is widely used to treat various autoimmune diseases but carries a risk of retinal toxicity, particularly with prolonged use. Despite advancements, uncertainty persists regarding optimal screening methods. Recent advances in OCT have enabled early detection of retinal damage, with studies suggesting that thinning of specific retinal layers may be an early indicator of toxicity.

Novel and characteristic radiological features of neurosyphilis: a case series.

Background: Treponema pallidum can invade the central nervous system (CNS) early in its infection, causing neurosyphilis. Neurosyphilis typically presents with meningovasculitis in the acute or subacute phase, while tabes dorsalis and dementia paralytica are classical conditions in the later stages. However, syphilis is often misdiagnosed as other conditions such as tumors or autoimmune diseases including vasculitis and encephalitis, which is why the condition is known as "The Great Mimicker.

A mouse model of autoimmune inner ear disease without endolymphatic hydrops.

Autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED) is an organ-specific disease characterized by irreversible, prolonged, and progressive hearing and equilibrium dysfunctions. The primary symptoms of AIED include asymmetric sensorineural hearing loss accompanied by vertigo, aural fullness, and tinnitus. AIED is divided into primary and secondary types.