extract ameliorates motor dysfunc-tion in mouse Parkinsons disease model through inhibiting neuronal apoptosis.

Objectives: To investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanisms of extract on motor dysfunction in mouse model of Parkinson's disease (PD).

Methods: Eighty C57BL/6 male mice were randomly divided into five groups: control group, PD model group, levodopa treatment group (positive control group), low-dose GP treatment group (LD-GP group), and high-dose GP treatment group (HD-GP group), with 16 mice per group. The PD model was induced by injection of 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra pars reticulata in mice of last 5 groups.

Novel hybrid system based on carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel encapsulating drug loaded nanoparticles for prolonged release of Vancomycin in the treatment of bacterial infection.

Current bacterial infections clinical treatments, such as intravenous antibiotic administration and local injection, suffer from short action duration, repeated administrations, and severe cell toxicity. To address these limitations, it is imperative to develop sustained drug release system with prolonged antimicrobial effects. In this work, a hybrid system was prepared using EDC/NHS catalyzed crosslinking-based carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) hydrogel as a carrier to encapsulate biodegradable nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with vancomycin, an efficient antibacterial drug.

Surveillance on the coverage of herpes zoster vaccine and post-marketing adverse events in Jiangsu province, China.

To analyze the coverage rate of adult herpes zoster (HZ) vaccine and the incidence of Adverse event following immunization (AEFI) in Jiangsu province, China. The vaccination information of HZ vaccine in people aged 50 years and above in Jiangsu province in 2023 and the AEFI information of HZ vaccine from 2020 to 2023 were collected through the Jiangsu Province vaccination management information system and China AEFI information management system, and the vaccination rate and AEFI incidence of HZ vaccine were analyzed. The overall vaccination rate among individuals aged 50 years and above was merely 0.

Effectiveness of newly isolated bacteriophages targeting multidrug-resistant Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli strain (TZ1_3) in food preservation and mice health modulation.

Bacteriophages are promising alternatives for combating multidrug-resistant bacterial infections. Two lytic bacteriophages, named P1 and P3, targeting pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC; strain TZ1_3) were isolated and evaluated for their potential ability to control pathogenic numbers either in ExPEC-contaminated food or ExPEC-infected mice. Results showed that phages significantly reduced ExPEC numbers within 6 and 12 h in contaminated water, milk, beef, and chicken when applied at 10 plaque-forming units (PFU).

ICAM1 blockade improves ischemic muscle reperfusion in diabetic mice.

Background: Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia (CLTI) represents the most advanced stage of Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) and is associated with dire prognosis, characterized by a substantial risk of limb amputation and diminished life expectancy. Despite significant advancements in therapeutic interventions, the underlying mechanisms precipitating the progression of PAD to CLTI remain elusive.

Methods: Considering diabetes is one of the main risk factors contributing to PAD exacerbation into CLTI, we compared hind limb ischemia recovery in HFD STZ vs.

Medical thoracoscopy combined with intrapleural injection of urokinase for treatment of pleural infection-a multicenter, prospective, randomized controlled study: study protocol.

Background: Pleural diseases is a common respiratory disorder, mainly characterized as pleural effusion and patients with pleural effusion caused by pneumonia and empyema constituted 29% of the cohort, which suggests pleural infection as the predominant etiology of pleural effusion in China. Medical thoracoscopy (MT) combined with intrapleural injection of Urokinase holds significant therapeutic value for patients with early to moderate-stage empyema. However, there remains a lack of high-quality evidence regarding the efficacy and safety of combining MT with intrapleural injection of Urokinase administration in patients with pleural infections.

Injectable hydrogel-assisted local lipopolysaccharide delivery improves immune checkpoint blockade therapy.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) significantly influence the clinical outcomes of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Strategies aimed at reprogramming TAMs from the immunosuppressive M2 phenotype to the pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype hold promise for enhancing ICB efficacy. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) ligand, can reprogram TAMs toward an M1 phenotype.

Understanding the pattern of resistance in multi-drug resistant clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii based on metabolomics approach.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses significant challenges to global public health. The major cause of AMR development is previous use of antibiotics, hospitalization, and the lack of efficient methods for screening AMR pathogens. Mass spectrometry techniques offer rapid, sensitive, and early detection of AMR both on proteomics and metabolomics levels.

Pharmacological depletion of pericytes induces diabetic retinopathy-like abnormal blood vessels in neonatal rat retina.

Diabetic retinopathy is a major ocular complication associated with diabetes mellitus. Pericyte loss is a hallmark of diabetic retinopathy. The platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-B-PDGF receptor-β (PDGFRβ) signaling pathway plays an important role in the proliferation and migration of pericytes.

Control of biomedical nanoparticle distribution and drug release in vivo by complex particle design strategies.

The utilization of targeted nanoparticles as a selective drug delivery system is a powerful tool to increase the amount of active substance reaching the target site. This can increase therapeutic efficacy while reducing adverse drug effects. However, nanoparticles face several challenges: upon injection, the immediate adhesion of plasma proteins may mask targeting ligands, thereby diminishing the target cell selectivity.

Safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic of CZ1S injection for unilateral brachial plexus blockade in healthy Chinese adults: Double-blind, randomized, positive-controlled Phase I study.

CZ1S injection is a novel, extended-release local anaesthetic formulation of ropivacaine, classified as a type 2.2 new drug, with potential for post-operative analgesia by subcutaneous infiltration and peripheral nerve blockade. This study aimed to validate the superior properties of CZ1S over ropivacaine hydrochloride injection and to evaluate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) profiles of a single dose of brachial plexus block with CZ1S in healthy Chinese adults.

Early life environmental enrichment yields resilience to selected behavioural and brain responses to 5-fluorouracil in mice.

Chemotherapy remains the primary treatment modality for multiple cancer types, but the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs often leads to persistent psychological disturbances that undermine daily function. Minimizing such unwanted effects is challenging in the rehabilitation/prehabilitation of cancer survivors, hence the impetus to identify modifiable external factors capable of improving the recovery process. The importance of social stimulation has been demonstrated in a mouse model showing that grouped housing lowered the likelihood of developing mood disturbance following exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs compared with isolated housing.

Injectable vancomycin loaded hyaluronic acid-chitosan hydrogel for the treatment of Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis.

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram positive opportunistic pathogen and a major cause for bacterial septic arthritis. Vancomycin is the preferred antibiotic for the treatment of methicillin resistance S.

Efficacy of diluted botulinum toxin type A (Microbotox) in treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris.

Acne vulgaris is a common and challenging condition to treat. To assess the effect of botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) in the treatment of mild to moderate acne vulgaris. This study included 30 patients with mild to moderate acne vulgaris treated with intradermal injections of diluted BTX-A (microbotox) on the cheek in a regular grid pattern using very small droplets (microbotox).

Gallic acid mitigates lipopolysaccharide-induced testicular inflammation via regulation of the NF-κB and PK2/PKR1 pathway.

Genital tract infections are common causes of male infertility, and most of diagnosed men are asymptomatic. This study examined the effect of gallic acid (GA) against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced testicular inflammation. Thirty-two Spraque Dawley, 2.

Cryoblebbing with 5-fluorouracil versus cryoblebbing with melanocyte keratinocyte transplant procedure or cryoblebbing alone in treatment of stable vitiligo.

Both the surgical non-cultured melanocyte-keratinocyte transplant procedure (MKTP) and intradermal injection of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) are effective in the treatment of vitiligo. Intrablisters injection of MKTP was done in one study with better results than MKTP application after ablative CO2 laser of the reciepient area. However, intrablister injection of 5-FU was not done before.

A 2024 Update on US FDA Implementation of Partial Area Under the Curve Into Bioavailability and Bioequivalence Assessments.

Comparisons of maximum drug concentration (C) and total area under the concentration vs. time curve (AUC) may be inadequate for bioavailability (BA)/bioequivalence (BE) assessments in cases where the shape of the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of a drug impacts the clinical performance. In such cases, partial area under the concentration vs.

Lumbar Erector Spinae Plane Block Provides Effective Postoperative Analgesia in Hip Fracture Surgery.

Objective: To compare the postoperative analgesic effectiveness of ultrasound-guided lumbar erector spinae plane (LESP) block with lumbar plexus block (LPB) in patients operated for proximal femur fractures.

Study Design: A randomised controlled trial. Place and Duration of the Study: Sakarya Training and Research Hospital Operation Theatre, Sakarya, Turkiye, between January and June 2023.

Evaluation of extracts from used Xpert MTB/RIF cartridges for detection of resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis drugs in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia.

Background: Early and accurate diagnosis of drug resistance, including resistance to second-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs, is crucial for the effective control and management of pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB) and extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB). The Xpert MTB/XDR assay is the WHO recommended method for detecting resistance to isoniazid and second-line anti-TB drugs when rifampicin resistance is detected. Currently, the Xpert MTB/XDR assay is not yet implemented in Ethiopia, thus the MTBDRsl assay continues to be used.

mtSTAT3 suppresses rheumatoid arthritis by regulating Th17 and synovial fibroblast inflammatory cell death with IL-17-mediated autophagy dysfunction.

Th17 cells are activated by STAT3 factors in the nucleus, and these factors are correlated with the pathologic progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recent studies have demonstrated the presence of STAT3 in mitochondria, but its function is unclear. We investigated the novel role of mitochondrial STAT3 (mitoSTAT3) in Th17 cells and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) and analyzed the correlation of mitoSTAT3 with RA.

Microfluidic mixing probe: generating multiple concentration-varying flow dipoles.

This study advances microfluidic probe (MFP) technology through the development of a 3D-printed Microfluidic Mixing Probe (MMP), which integrates a built-in pre-mixer network of channels and features a lined array of paired injection and aspiration apertures. By combining the concepts of hydrodynamic flow confinements (HFCs) and "Christmas-tree" concentration gradient generation, the MMP can produce multiple concentration-varying flow dipoles, ranging from 0 to 100%, within an open microfluidic environment. This innovation overcomes previous limitations of MFPs, which only produced homogeneous bioreagents, by utilizing the pre-mixer to create distinct concentration of injected biochemicals.

A real-world Pharmacovigilance study of brodalumab based on the FDA adverse event reporting system.

Brodalumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody that targets the interleukin-17 receptor A, is primarily used to manage moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis. Although it has demonstrated favorable efficacy and safety in clinical trials, the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria may not fully reflect its safety profile in real-world settings. As its use becomes more widespread in clinical practice, understanding its safety in real-world applications is crucial.

Inhibition of prefrontal glutamatergic neuron activity during the recovery period following chronic stress disrupts fear memory in male rats: potential role of the infralimbic cortex.

Chronic stress typically leads to deficits in fear extinction. However, when a delay occurs from the end of chronic stress and the start of fear conditioning (a "recovery"), rats show improved context-cue discrimination, compared to recently stressed rats or nonstressed rats. The infralimbic cortex (IL) is important for fear extinction and undergoes neuronal remodeling after chronic stress ends, which could drive improved context-cue discrimination.

Exploring stress hormone effects on memory specificity and strength in mice using the dual-event inhibitory avoidance task.

Stressful and emotionally arousing experiences induce the release of noradrenergic and glucocorticoid hormones that synergistically strengthen memories but differentially regulate qualitative aspects of memory. This highlights the need for sophisticated behavioral tasks that allow for the assessment of memory quality. The dual-event inhibitory avoidance task for rats is such a behavioral task designed to evaluate both the strength and specificity of memory.

Use of drug-killed cancer cells: A method to assess the therapeutic effectiveness of immunogenic cell death.

Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by harnessing the immune system's potential to combat cancer. Among the various strategies in this field, the use of killed tumor cells (KC) induced by immunogenic cell death (ICD) inducers has gained attraction. This approach involves the treatment of cancer cells in vitro, followed by the subcutaneous injection of these killed cells into tumor-bearing mice.