Gemcitabine-Loaded Microbeads for Transarterial Chemoembolization of Rabbit Renal Tumor Monitored by F-FDG Positron Emission Tomography/X-Ray Computed Tomography Imaging.

Background/objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop the gemcitabine-loaded drug-eluting beads (G-DEBs) for transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in rabbit renal tumors and to evaluate their antitumor effect using 2-deoxy-2-[(18)F]fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography (F-FDG PET/CT).

Methods: DEBs were prepared by polyvinyl alcohol-based macromer crosslinked with -acryl tyrosine and ,'-methylenebis(acrylamide). Gemcitabine was loaded through ion change to obtain G-DEBs.

Application of Microsponge Drug Platform to Enhance Methotrexate Administration in Rheumatoid Arthritis Therapy.

Background/objectives: This study aimed to develop a novel nanotechnological slow-release drug delivery platform based on hyaluronic acid Microsponge (MSP) for the subcutaneous administration of methotrexate (MTX) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by joint inflammation and damage, while MTX is a common disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD), the conventional use of which is limited by adverse effects and the lack of release control.

Methods: MSP were synthesized as freeze-dried powder to increase their stability and allow for a facile reconstitution prior to administration and precise MTX dosing.

Effect of Lipid Nanoparticle Physico-Chemical Properties and Composition on Their Interaction with the Immune System.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) have shown promise as a delivery system for nucleic acid-based therapeutics, including DNA, siRNA, and mRNA vaccines. The immune system plays a critical role in the response to these nanocarriers, with innate immune cells initiating an early response and adaptive immune cells mediating a more specific reaction, sometimes leading to potential adverse effects. Recent studies have shown that the innate immune response to LNPs is mediated by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which recognize the lipid components of the nanoparticles.

A Bait-and-Hook Hydrogel for Net Tumor Cells to Enhance Chemotherapy and Mitigate Metastatic Dissemination.

: Lung cancer is an aggressive disease with rapid progression and a high rate of metastasis, leading to a significantly poor prognosis for many patients. While chemotherapy continues to serve as a cornerstone treatment for a large proportion of lung cancer patients, expanding preclinical and clinical evidence indicates that chemotherapy may promote tumor metastasis and cause side effects. : We develop an injectable bait-and-hook hydrogel (BH-gel) for targeted tumor cell eradication, which embedded doxorubicin liposomes as cytotoxic agents and CXCL12 as a chemoattractant to capture and kill tumor cells.

Effect of Process Parameters on Nano-Microparticle Formation During Supercritical Antisolvent Process Using Mixed Solvent: Application for Enhanced Dissolution and Oral Bioavailability of Telmisartan Through Particle-Size Control Based on Experimental Design.

This study investigates the impact of supercritical antisolvent (SAS) process parameters on the particle formation of telmisartan, a poorly water-soluble drug. A fractional factorial design was employed to examine the influence of the SAS process parameters, including solvent ratio, drug solution concentration, temperature, pressure, injection rate of drug solution, and CO₂ flow rate, on particle formation. Solid-state characterizations of the SAS process particles using XRD and FT-IR confirmed their amorphous nature.

Strategies to Stabilize Dalbavancin in Aqueous Solutions; Section-2: The Effects of 2 Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin and Acetate Buffer with and Without Divalent Metal Ions.

The effect of 2-hydroxpropyl-β-cyclodextrin (2HPβCD) with or without divalent metal ions (Ca, Mg, and Zn) on the stability of dalbavancin in acetate buffer was investigated. Dalbavancin recovery from formulations with 2HPβCD and divalent metal ions after four weeks of storage at 5 °C and 55 °C was measured by RP-HPLC and HP-SEC; a longer-term study was carried out over six months at 5 °C, 25 °C, and 40 °C. Binding of 2HPβCD was characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

Exploring 3D Printing in Drug Development: Assessing the Potential of Advanced Melt Drop Deposition Technology for Solubility Enhancement by Creation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions.

Melt-based 3D printing technologies are currently extensively evaluated for research purposes as well as for industrial applications. Classical approaches often require intermediates, which can pose a risk to stability and add additional complexity to the process. The Advanced Melt Drop Deposition (AMDD) technology, is a 3D printing process that combines the principles of melt extrusion with pressure-driven ejection, similar to injection molding.

Two in One: Size Characterization and Accelerated Short-Term Physical Stability of Dual-Drug Suspensions with Two Acidic Compounds (Indomethacin and Naproxen).

Co-delivering dual-drug systems have proven to be effective in, for example, anticancer therapy or HIV prophylaxis due to a higher target selectivity and therapeutic efficacy from compound synergism. However, various challenges regarding physical stability can arise during the formulation definition when multiple drug compounds are included in the same formulation. In this work, the focus was on aqueous suspensions, which could be applied as long-acting injectable formulations to release the drug compounds over weeks to months after administration.

Folic Acid-Targeted Mixed Pluronic Micelles for Delivery of Triptolide.

The present study aimed to explore an ideal delivery system for triptolide (TPL) by utilizing the thin-film hydration method to prepare drug-loaded, folate-modified mixed pluronic micelles (FA-F-127/F-68-TPL). Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy showed that the drug-loaded micelles had a spherical shape with a small particle size, with an average of 30.7 nm.

Cellulose Acetate Butyrate-Based In Situ Gel Comprising Doxycycline Hyclate and Metronidazole.

Cellulose acetate butyrate is a biodegradable cellulose ester bioplastic produced from plentiful natural plant-based resources. Solvent-exchange-induced in situ gels are particularly promising for periodontitis therapy, as this dosage form allows for the direct delivery of high concentrations of antimicrobial agents to the localized periodontal pocket. This study developed an in situ gel for periodontitis treatment, incorporating a combination of metronidazole and doxycycline hyclate, with cellulose acetate butyrate serving as the matrix-forming agent.

Protective Effects of Cereal-Based Fermented Beverages Against 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Intestinal Damage in Mice.

Background: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a common chemotherapeutic medication used to treat cancer. However, the intestinal tract may sustain oxidative damage as a result.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to clarify the underlying molecular mechanisms and examine the preventive benefits of cereal-based fermented drinks (CFBs) against intestinal injury in mice caused by 5-FU.

HCV Treatment Outcomes in PWID: Impact of Addiction History on SVR12.

People who inject drugs (PWIDs) experience high rates of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, primarily due to needle sharing and limited healthcare access, resulting in a disproportionate disease burden within this population. This prospective study evaluated treatment outcomes in 432 adult patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) at the University Clinical Center of Serbia. Patients were categorized into two groups based on a history of drug addiction: PWIDs (163, 37.

FDA-Approved Hydrogel-Mediated In Situ Sonodynamic and Chemotherapeutic Therapy for Pancreatic Cancer.

Albumin-bound paclitaxel (nab-PTX) nanoparticles have been proven effective in treating advanced pancreatic cancer. However, the clinical application of nab-PTX nanoparticles is often associated with suboptimal outcomes and severe side effects due to its non-specific distribution and rapid clearance. This study aims to develop a novel nanoplatform that integrates sonodynamic therapy (SDT) and chemotherapy to enhance treatment efficacy and reduce systemic side effects.

Exploring the Feasibility of a Bracketing Approach Utilizing Modeling for Development of Long-Acting Injectables for Regulatory Approval-A Case Study Using Levonorgestrel.

Background: The development of long-acting products of a characterized drug substance is of great interest. It is possible to support the development of these products with available clinical data by matching the exposure to a predefined bracket of a minimal concentration for efficacy and a maximal concentration for safety. This bracketing approach would cut down on the time and cost of new long-acting contraceptive products progressing to market.

The Melatonin Type 2 Receptor Agonist IIK7 Attenuates and Reverses Morphine Tolerance in Neuropathic Pain Rats Through the Suppression of Neuroinflammation in the Spinal Cord.

Background: Morphine analgesic tolerance (MAT) limits the clinical application of morphine in the management of chronic pain. IIK7 is a melatonin type 2 (MT2) receptor agonist known to have antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress is recognized as a critical factor in MAT.

Spanlastic Nano-Vesicles: A Novel Approach to Improve the Dissolution, Bioavailability, and Pharmacokinetic Behavior of Famotidine.

: Drugs exhibiting poor aqueous solubility present a challenge to efficient delivery to the site of action. Spanlastics (a nano, surfactant-based drug delivery system) have emerged as a powerful tool to improve solubility, bioavailability, and delivery to the site of action. This study aimed to better understand factors affecting the physicochemical properties of spanlastics, quantify their effects, and use them to enhance the bioavailability of famotidine (FMT), a model histamine H2 receptor antagonist (BCS class IV).

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Enhances the Therapeutic Effect of IGF-Trap in Intracerebral Glioma Models.

Glioblastoma multiforme is an aggressive malignancy with a dismal 5-year survival rate of 5-10%. Current therapeutic options are limited, due in part to drug exclusion by the blood-brain barrier (BBB). We have previously shown that high-amplitude repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in rats allowed the delivery across the BBB of an IGF signaling inhibitor-IGF-Trap.

Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Evaluation of Amoxicillin Against in Dogs.

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria from companion animals poses significant public health risks. Prudent antibiotic use, particularly through pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling, is crucial for minimizing resistance. We investigated the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of amoxicillin (AMX) against .

The , , and Virulotypes of the Type 3 Secretion System in Multidrug Resistant as a Death Risk Factor in Pediatric Patients.

The poor prognosis of infections associated with multidrug-resistant can be attributed to several conditions of the patient and virulence factors of the pathogen, such as the type III secretion system (T3SS), which presents the ability to inject four effectors into the host cell: ExoS, ExoT, ExoU and ExoY. The aim of this study was to analyze the distribution of genes through multiplex polymerase chain reaction in strains isolated from patients at a third-level pediatric hospital and their relationships with clinical variables, e.g.

Sexual Dimorphism of Ethanol-Induced Mitochondrial Dynamics in Purkinje Cells.

The cerebellum, a key target of ethanol's toxic effects, is associated with ataxia following alcohol consumption. However, the impact of ethanol on Purkinje cell (PC) mitochondria remains unclear. To investigate how ethanol administration affects mitochondrial dynamics in cerebellar Purkinje cells, we employed a transgenic mouse model expressing mitochondria-targeted yellow fluorescent protein in Purkinje cells (PC-mito-eYFP).

Inhibiting the Cholesterol Storage Enzyme ACAT1/SOAT1 in Aging Apolipoprotein E4 Mice Alters Their Brains' Inflammatory Profiles.

Aging and apolipoprotein E4 () are the two most significant risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD). Compared to , disrupts cholesterol homeostasis, increases cholesteryl esters (CEs), and exacerbates neuroinflammation in brain cells, including microglia. Targeting CEs and neuroinflammation could be a novel strategy to ameliorate -dependent phenotypes.

The Potency of Cytotoxic Mechanisms of Local Anesthetics in Human Chondrocyte Cells.

Local anesthetics are commonly used in various clinical settings for both prevention and symptom relief. Numerous clinical studies have demonstrated that intra-articular injections of local anesthetics achieve high success rates in orthopedic practices. However, several widely used local anesthetics, including bupivacaine, lidocaine, and ropivacaine, have been shown to exhibit toxicity to chondrocytes, with the underlying mechanisms of chondrotoxicity remaining poorly understood.

The Astragalus Membranaceus Herb Attenuates Leukemia by Inhibiting the FLI1 Oncogene and Enhancing Anti-Tumor Immunity.

Astragalus membranaceus (AM) herb is a component of traditional Chinese medicine used to treat various cancers. Herein, we demonstrate a strong anti-leukemic effect of AM injected (Ai) into the mouse model of erythroleukemia induced by Friend virus. Chemical analysis combined with mass spectrometry of AM/Ai identified the compounds Betulinic acid, Kaempferol, Hederagenin, and formononetin, all major mediators of leukemia inhibition in culture and in vivo.

Novel Peptidomimetic Cyclo-{E(I)-E(W)}Na (CP-88) with Hematopoietic Activity Sustained in Invasive and Oral Administration: Experimental and Preclinical Evaluation.

Over the last decades, significant progress has been made in studying agonistic and antagonistic hematopoietic peptides. The main disadvantage of this class of peptides is their low stability with noninvasive administration methods, which limits the widespread use of hematopoiesis-regulated peptide drugs in medical practice. The aim of this work is to study novel peptidomimetics with hematopoietic activity sustained in invasive and oral administration.

Comparison of the Effects of Perineural and Intraperitoneal Ozone Therapy on Nerve Healing in an Experimental Sciatic Nerve Injury Model.

The aim was to evaluate nerve healing using immunohistochemical, histological, and functional techniques and to compare the effects of two different therapeutic ozone application methods by perineural and intraperitoneal ozone treatment in rats with a crush injury model of sciatic nerve. Forty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four subgroups of ten rats each: (1) Control group: The left sciatic nerve incised and closed without crush injury, no treatment; (2) Paralyzed group: Crush injury to the left sciatic nerve, no treatment; (3) Perineural ozone group: Crush injury to the left sciatic nerve, treated with perineural ozone therapy; (4) Intraperitoneal ozone group: Crush injury to the left sciatic nerve, treated with intraperitoneal ozone therapy. The treatments were administered for a 14-day period.