Implementing routine paediatric height/length and weight screening and weight management advice by clinicians: an evaluation.

Objective: To determine the views of health care professionals (HCPs) in South Western Sydney Local Health District (SWSLHD) about the effectiveness of implementation strategies used to increase routine height/length and weight screening, advice, and referral for children and adolescents. A secondary aim was to explore the prevalence of weight bias among HCPs.

Methods: A questionnaire was sent to all HCPs who had undertaken online or face-to-face training between December 2018 and June 2020 in SWSLHD (n=840).

Strategies to promote implementation of core outcomes for medication adherence trials in rheumatology: A report from the OMERACT-Adherence Group.

Objectives: To identify barriers, facilitators, and strategies for future implementation of the OMERACT-Adherence Core Outcome Set (COS) in medication adherence trials for rheumatic conditions.

Methods: Preliminary Delphi survey findings were discussed at OMERACT 2023, utilising the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research 2 to identify implementation barriers, facilitators, and solutions.

Results: Implementation strategies included simplifying the COS definitions, making it adaptabile for clinical practice and drug trials, adherence trial training workshops, and collaborating with key stakeholders such as payers and other COS developers.

Are measures and related symptoms of cachexia recorded as outcomes in gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy clinical trials?

Background: Cachexia is prevalent in gastrointestinal cancers and worsens patient outcomes and chemotherapy compliance. We examined to what extent registered gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy clinical trials record measures and related symptoms of cachexia as outcomes, and whether these were associated with trial characteristics.

Methods: Four public trial registries (2012-2022) were accessed for Phase II and/or III randomized controlled pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal cancer chemotherapy trial protocols.

Do they stay, or do they go? Children presenting to five emergency departments across New South Wales, Australia with acute burn injuries: a retrospective review.

Objective: The overall objective of the study was to describe the disposition status of children presenting with a burn injury to five emergency departments (ED) across New South Wales (NSW), Australia.

Design: A retrospective study design was used to review routinely collected ED data.

Setting: Study sites included five acute hospitals across NSW, Australia.

Incidence of Stroke in Indigenous Populations of Countries With a Very High Human Development Index: A Systematic Review.

Background And Objectives: Cardiovascular disease contributes significantly to disease burden among many Indigenous populations. However, data on stroke incidence in Indigenous populations are sparse. We aimed to investigate what is known of stroke incidence in Indigenous populations of countries with a very high Human Development Index (HDI), locating the research in the broader context of Indigenous health.

Boosting inpatient exercise after hip fracture using an alternative workforce: a mixed methods implementation evaluation.

Background: Hip fracture has a devastating impact on individuals and is an increasing burden for health systems and society. Compared to usual care, increased physiotherapy provision has demonstrated efficacy in improving patient and health service outcomes in this population. However, physiotherapy workforce challenges prevent sustained implementation.

Implementation of a lifestyle and life-skills intervention to prevent weight-gain and cardiometabolic abnormalities in young people with first-episode psychosis as part of routine care: The Keeping the Body in Mind program.

Objectives: In 2013, a cluster-controlled pilot study found the 12-week Keeping the Body in Mind (KBIM) lifestyle and life skills intervention was able to prevent weight gain in a small sample of youth experiencing first-episode psychosis (FEP) with fewer than 4 weeks of antipsychotic exposure. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of KBIM as routine care on anthropometry and metabolic biochemistry in a larger sample of youth with FEP across three community mental health services.

Method: This retrospective chart audit was conducted on youth with FEP, prescribed a therapeutic dose of antipsychotic medication, and who engaged with KBIM between 2015 and 2019.

A case of adrenal cortical carcinoma arising from a regularly monitored sub-centimetre adrenal incidentaloma.

Summary: Approximately 80% of adrenal incidentalomas are benign, and development into adrenal cortical cancer is extremely rare. This is a major reason behind clinical guidelines recommending surveillance of incidentalomas for a relatively short duration of up to 5 years. Surveillance of lesions less than 1 cm is not routinely recommended.

Visualising Variation in the Real-World Clinical Delivery of Chemotherapy Protocols.

Typical univariate measures of variation in chemotherapy protocols fail to capture and describe the full multi-dimensional complexity of treatment adjustments in real-world data. In this preliminary work, we propose novel visualisations of observed treatment events, as well as treatment-as-delivered relative to initial prescriptions, as a means of gaining insights into complex patterns of treatment variation in cancer patients. Simple clustering techniques were also used to confirm the utility of these visualisations and our ability to correlate observed variations with historical events.

Enriching Data Science and Health Care Education: Application and Impact of Synthetic Data Sets Through the Health Gym Project.

Large-scale medical data sets are vital for hands-on education in health data science but are often inaccessible due to privacy concerns. Addressing this gap, we developed the Health Gym project, a free and open-source platform designed to generate synthetic health data sets applicable to various areas of data science education, including machine learning, data visualization, and traditional statistical models. Initially, we generated 3 synthetic data sets for sepsis, acute hypotension, and antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection.

Predicting Communication Skills Outcomes for Preschool Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder Following Early Intervention.

Purpose: This study aims to assess changes in the receptive and expressive language skills and to determine if the baseline characteristics such as communication, cognitive and motor skills, predict outcomes in preschool children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) following early intervention.

Methods: We recruited 64 children participating in the Early Start Denver Model (ESDM) early intervention program at an Autism Specific Early Learning and Care Center (ASELCC) in Australia. Baseline characteristics across various developmental domains was measured using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (MSEL), Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales, 2nd Edition (VABS-II), and the ESDM Curriculum Checklist.

Healthcare professionals' perspectives and experiences of osteoporosis medication treatment: a qualitative systematic review.

Unlabelled: This systematic review aimed to explore healthcare professionals' (HCPs) experiences and perspectives of osteoporosis medication treatment through thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. We found themes about how osteoporosis is perceived as a disease, treatment decision-making and what empowers HCPs to provide the best possible care.

Purpose: The systematic review aimed to describe the perspectives and experiences of HCPs regarding osteoporosis medication treatment.

Longitudinal symptom profile of palliative care patients receiving a nurse-led end-of-life (PEACH) programme to support preference to die at home.

Objectives: Tailored models of home-based palliative care aimed to support death at home, should also ensure optimal symptom control. This study aimed to explore symptom occurrence and distress over time in Palliative Extended And Care at Home (PEACH) model of care recipients.

Design: This was a prospective cohort study.

Estimating the contribution of subclinical tuberculosis disease to transmission: An individual patient data analysis from prevalence surveys.

Background: Individuals with bacteriologically confirmed pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease who do not report symptoms (subclinical TB) represent around half of all prevalent cases of TB, yet their contribution to () transmission is unknown, especially compared to individuals who report symptoms at the time of diagnosis (clinical TB). Relative infectiousness can be approximated by cumulative infections in household contacts, but such data are rare.

Methods: We reviewed the literature to identify studies where surveys of infection were linked to population surveys of TB disease.

Ngaramadhi Space: An Integrated, Multisector Model of Care for Students Experiencing Problematic Externalising Behaviour.

Introduction: Behavioural and emotional disorders are a significant cause of morbidity for young people aged 10-19 years. School-based health care (SBHC) provides an innovative approach to addressing these issues within Australia.

Description: We describe an innovative and integrative SBHC model called Ngaramadhi Space (NS) based at a specialised behavioural school called Yudi Gunyi school (YGS) in metropolitan Sydney, Australia.

Infectious Disease Screening prior to Systemic Immunomodulatory Therapy in Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Consensus Guidelines from the Asia-Pacific Hidradenitis Suppurativa Foundation.

Background: Current infectious disease screening recommendations for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) are adopted from recommendations in chronic plaque psoriasis. No HS-specific guidelines for infectious disease screening prior to immunomodulatory therapy have been developed.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to establish an expert Delphi consensus of recommendations regarding infectious disease screening prior to systemic immunomodulatory therapy in HS.

Dry eye disease in astronauts: a narrative review.

Long-duration spaceflight can have adverse effects on human health. One of the most common ocular conditions experienced by astronauts is dry eye disease (DED). Symptoms of DED include feelings of eye irritation, eye strain, foreign body sensation and blurred vision.

Frailty in the prediction of delirium in the intensive care unit: A secondary analysis of the Deli study.

Background: Delirium is an acute disorder of attention and cognition with an incidence of up to 70% in the adult intensive care setting. Due to the association with significantly increased morbidity and mortality, it is important to identify who is at the greatest risk of an acute episode of delirium while being cared for in the intensive care. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of the cumulative deficit frailty index and clinical frailty scale to predict an acute episode of delirium among adults admitted to the intensive care.

Real-time motion management in MRI-guided radiotherapy: Current status and AI-enabled prospects.

MRI-guided radiotherapy (MRIgRT) is a highly complex treatment modality, allowing adaptation to anatomical changes occurring from one treatment day to the other (inter-fractional), but also to motion occurring during a treatment fraction (intra-fractional). In this vision paper, we describe the different steps of intra-fractional motion management during MRIgRT, from imaging to beam adaptation, and the solutions currently available both clinically and at a research level. Furthermore, considering the latest developments in the literature, a workflow is foreseen in which motion-induced over- and/or under-dosage is compensated in 3D, with minimal impact to the radiotherapy treatment time.