Automated compilation of Urdu poetry handwritten image datasets for optical character recognition.

Optical character recognition (OCR) is vital in digitizing printed data into a digital format, which can be conveniently used for various purposes. A significant amount of work has been done in OCR for well-resourced languages like English. However, languages like Urdu, spoken by a large community, face limitations in OCR due to a lack of resources and the complexity and diversity of handwritten scripts.

Modeling nonlinear in Bowman's paradox: the case of Pakistan.

Prospect theory frequently explains the empirical results of Bowman's paradox (negative relationship between risk and return). However, the empirical econometric model of these researches is misspecified. This study used a data-driven approach to improve the econometric model.