Key Features in Designing an Integrated Recall System for Dispatch in Mass Casualty Incidents; a Systematic Review.

Introduction: Following Mass Casualty Incidents (MCIs), the sudden surge in demand for essential services disrupts the balance between available and required resources. This study aimed to systematically identify and categorize existing systems employed for dispatching professional or lay rescuers during emergencies.

Methods: Adhering to the PRISMA 2020 Checklist, the research scrutinized international databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) using formulated search strategies.

In Vitro and In Silico Analysis of PTP1B Inhibitors from Leaves and Their Effect on Glucose Uptake.

As part of our ongoing research on new anti-diabetic compounds from ethnopharmacologically consumed plants, two previously undescribed lupane-type triterpenoids ( and ) with dicarboxylic groups, an undescribed nor-taraxastane-type triterpenoid (), and 14 known compounds (-) were isolated from the leaves of . Extensive spectroscopic analysis (IR, HRESIMS, 1D, and 2D NMR) was used for structure elucidation, while the known compounds were compared to reference data reported in the scientific literature. All the isolates (-) were evaluated for their inhibitory effects on the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme.

Association analysis of mitochondrial DNA heteroplasmic variants: Methods and application.

We rigorously assessed a comprehensive association testing framework for heteroplasmy, employing both simulated and real-world data. This framework employed a variant allele fraction (VAF) threshold and harnessed multiple gene-based tests for robust identification and association testing of heteroplasmy. Our simulation studies demonstrated that gene-based tests maintained an appropriate type I error rate at α = 0.

XGRm: A Web Server for Interpreting Mouse Summary-level Genomic Data.

We introduce XGR-model (or XGRm), a web server made accessible at http://www.xgrm.pro, with the aim of meeting the increasing demand for effectively interpreting summary-level genomic data in model organisms.

Roseburia intestinalis-derived extracellular vesicles ameliorate colitis by modulating intestinal barrier, microbiome, and inflammatory responses.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic disorder characterized by recurrent gastrointestinal inflammation, lacking a precise aetiology and definitive cure. The gut microbiome is vital in preventing and treating IBD due to its various physiological functions. In the interplay between the gut microbiome and human health, extracellular vesicles secreted by gut bacteria (BEVs) are key mediators.

Immune-based Machine learning Prediction of Diagnosis and Illness State in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder.

Background: Schizophrenia and bipolar disorder frequently face significant delay in diagnosis, leading to being missed or misdiagnosed in early stages. Both disorders have also been associated with trait and state immune abnormalities. Recent machine learning-based studies have shown encouraging results using diagnostic biomarkers in predictive models, but few have focused on immune-based markers.

Tensor cardiography: A novel ECG analysis of deviations in collective myocardial action potential transitions based on point processes and cumulative distribution functions.

To improve clinical diagnoses, assessments of potential cardiac disease risk, and predictions of lethal arrhythmias, the analysis of electrocardiograms (ECGs) requires a more accurate method of weighting waveforms to efficiently detect abnormalities that appear as minute strains in the waveforms. In addition, the inverse problem of estimating the myocardial action potential from the ECG has been a longstanding challenge. To analyze the variance of the ECG waveforms and to estimate collective myocardial action potentials (APs) from the ECG, we designed a model equation incorporating the probability densities of Gaussian functions of time-series point processes in the cardiac cycle and dipoles of the collective APs in the myocardium.

Stable and reusable calcium-responsive biopolymer for affinity precipitation of therapeutic antibodies.

Affinity precipitation is an attractive method for protein purification due to its many advantages, including the rapid capture of target proteins, simple processing, high specificity, and ease of scale-up. We previously reported a robust antibody purification method using Ca-dependent precipitation of ZZ-hCSQ2, a fusion protein of human calsequestrin 2, and the antibody-binding protein ZZ. However, the stability of this fusion protein was not sufficiently high for industrial use because the antibody recovery yield decreased to 60% after being reused 10 times.

Identifying the challenges of policy content related to high-risk sexual behaviors, stimulant drugs, and alcohol consumption in adolescents.

Background: This study aims to identify policy content challenges related to high-risk sexual behaviors, stimulant drugs, and alcohol consumption in Iranian adolescents.

Methods: This qualitative study analyzed high-level and national documents pertaining to adolescent health, high-risk sexual behaviors, stimulant, and alcohol consumption in adolescents. The documents, which were published by public organizations between January 1979 and February 2023 and publicly available, were complemented by interviews with policymakers and executives.

Implementation and evaluation of a system for assessment of the quality of long-term management of patients at a geriatric hospital.

Background: The increasing aging population presents a significant challenge, accompanied by a shortage of professional caregivers, adding to the therapeutic burden. Clinical decision support systems, utilizing computerized clinical guidelines, can improve healthcare quality, reduce expenses, save time, and boost caregiver efficiency.

Objectives: 1) Develop and evaluate an automated quality assessment (QA) system for retrospective longitudinal care quality analysis, focusing on clinical staff adherence to evidence-based guidelines (GLs).

Nonlinear and abnormal relationship between turbidity and suspended solids concentration in mountainous rivers: A case study of the Lai Chi Wo river in Hong Kong, China.

Suspended solids concentration (SSC) in a river is closely relevant to river water turbidity. Investigation of their relationship in this study is accompanied by observed turbidity and SSC values, which were obtained from the testing results of water samples and monitored conditions in streamflow. The water samples were collected from two observation stations with a broad range of sediment concentrations in the Lai Chi Wo catchment in Hong Kong, China.

Regenerative application of oral and maxillofacial 3D organoids based on dental pulp stem cell.

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) originate from the neural crest and the present mesenchymal phenotype showed self-renewal capabilities and can differentiate into at least three lineages. DPSCs are easily isolated with minimal harm, no notable ethical constraints, and without general anesthesia to the donor individuals. Furthermore, cryopreservation of DPSCs provides this opportunity for autologous transplantation in future studies without fundamental changes in stemness, viability, proliferation, and differentiating features.

Artemisia argyi ethanol extract ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-induced liver fibrosis by modulating gut microbiota and hepatic signaling.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Artemisia argyi (AA), a herbal medicine traditionally used in Asian countries, to treat inflammatory conditions such as eczema, dermatitis, arthritis, allergic asthma and colitis. However, the mechanism of action of this plant with regard to hepatitis and other liver-related diseases is still unclear.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effects of AA ethanol extract on NASH-related fibrosis and gut microbiota in a choline-deficient, L-amino acid-defined, high-fat diet (CDAHFD)-induced mouse model.

Highlighting Unseen Activity Through 48-Hour Continuous Measurement in Subacute Stroke Rehabilitation: Preliminary Cohort Study.

Background: Motor impairments not only lead to a significant reduction in patient activity levels but also trigger a further deterioration in motor function due to deconditioning, which is an issue that is particularly pronounced during hospitalization. This deconditioning can be countered by sustaining appropriate activity levels. Activities that occur outside of scheduled programs, often overlooked, are critical in this context.

Photodynamic treatment increases the lifespan and oxidative stress resistance of Caenorhabditis elegans.

Photodynamic therapy is a noninvasive treatment in which specific photosensitizers and light are used to produce high amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can be employed for targeted tissue destruction in cancer treatment or antimicrobial therapy. However, it remains unknown whether lower amounts of ROS produced by mild photodynamic therapy increase lifespan and stress resistance at the organism level. Here, we introduce a novel photodynamic treatment (PDTr) that uses 20 μM hypericin, a photosensitizer that originates from Hypericum perforatum, and orange light (590 nm, 5.

MyoFold: Joint myocardial tissue composition and wall motion quantification via a highly folded sequence.

Purpose: This study aims to develop and evaluate a novel cardiovascular MR sequence, MyoFold, designed for the simultaneous quantifications of myocardial tissue composition and wall motion.

Methods: MyoFold is designed as a 2D single breathing-holding sequence, integrating joint T/T mapping and cine imaging. The sequence uses a 2-fold accelerated balanced SSFP (bSSFP) for data readout and incorporates electrocardiogram synchronization to align with the cardiac cycle.

Leveraging a Large Language Model to Assess Quality-of-Care: Monitoring ADHD Medication Side Effects.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of a large language model (LLM) in measuring clinician adherence to practice guidelines for monitoring side effects after prescribing medications for children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Methods: Retrospective population-based cohort study of electronic health records. Cohort included children aged 6-11 years with ADHD diagnosis and ≥2 ADHD medication encounters (stimulants or non-stimulants prescribed) between 2015-2022 in a community-based primary healthcare network (n=1247).

Dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and bone loss in six genetically diverse collaborative cross founder strains demonstrates phenotypic variability by Rg3 treatment.

Background: Osteosarcopenia is a common condition characterized by the loss of both bone and muscle mass, which can lead to an increased risk of fractures and disability in older adults. The study aimed to elucidate the response of various mouse strains to treatment with Rg3, one of the leading ginsenosides, on musculoskeletal traits and immune function, and their correlation.

Methods: Six Collaborative Cross (CC) founder strains induced muscle atrophy and bone loss with dexamethasone (15 mg/kg) treatment for 1 month, and half of the mice for each strain were orally administered Rg3 (20 mg/kg).

Myrosinase isogenes in wasabi (Wasabia japonica Matsum) and their putative roles in glucosinolate metabolism.

Background: Wasabi, a Brassicaceae member, is well-known for its unique pungent and hot flavor which is produced from glucosinolate (GSL) degradation. Myrosinase (MYR) is a principle enzyme catalyzing the primary conversion of GSLs to GSL hydrolysis products (GHPs) which is responsible for plant defense system and food quality. Due to the limited information in relation to MYRs present in wasabi (Wasabia japonica M.

Cornflower Extract and Its Active Components Alleviate Dexamethasone-Induced Muscle Wasting by Targeting Cannabinoid Receptors and Modulating Gut Microbiota.

Sarcopenia, a decline in muscle mass and strength, can be triggered by aging or medications like glucocorticoids. This study investigated cornflower () water extract (CC) as a potential protective agent against DEX-induced muscle wasting in vitro and in vivo. CC and its isolated compounds mitigated oxidative stress, promoted myofiber growth, and boosted ATP production in C2C12 myotubes.

Identifying mitigation strategies of comprehensive health centers against dust hazard: a qualitative study in Iran.

Background: Exposure to dust can disrupt healthcare services and severely affect all activity domains of the health system. The aim of this study was to explore mitigation strategies for comprehensive health centers against dust hazard.

Method: The present study was conducted using a qualitative design with a conventional content analysis approach in 2023.