Volume and distribution of white matter hyperintensities in rheumatoid arthritis and ulcerative colitis patients.

Brain white matter disruptions have been implicated in contributing to fatigue, brain fog and other central symptoms commonly reported in inflammatory diseases. In this study, we included 252 RA patients with 756 age and sex matched controls and 240 UC patients with 720 age and sex matched controls using the UK Biobank imaging dataset. We looked for differences in total volume of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) between patients compared to controls.

Association of uveitis with pediatric autoimmune diseases based on a TriNetX study.

To investigate for the risk of uveitis among such patients. A retrospective cohort study utilized the TriNetX database and recruited pediatric autoimmune patients diagnosed between January 1st 2004 and December 31st 2022. The non-autoimmune cohort were randomly selected control patients matched by sex, age, and index year.

Colon-targeted engineered postbiotics nanoparticles alleviate osteoporosis through the gut-bone axis.

The potential for mitigating intestinal inflammation through the gut-bone axis in the treatment of osteoporosis is significant. While various gut-derived postbiotics or bacterial metabolites have been created as dietary supplements to prevent or reverse bone loss, their efficacy and safety still need improvement. Herein, a colon-targeted drug delivery system is developed using surface engineering of polyvinyl butyrate nanoparticles by shellac resin to achieve sustained release of postbiotics butyric acid at the colorectal site.

Recurrent Giant Pseudopolyp: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

we report the case of a recurrent giant pseudopolyp occurring in a patient without a history of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with an asymptomatic interval of nine years. Case Presentation: a 51-year-old Caucasian male with no relevant medical history was hospitalized for a subocclusive mass in the right colon, suspected to be neoplastic. He underwent a right hemicolectomy, and the histopathology revealed a giant pseudopolyp without malignancy.

Activation of PPARγ regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization and attenuates dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced inflammatory bowel disease via the STAT-1/STAT-6 pathway.

This study aimed to investigate whether activation of PPARγ regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization to attenuate dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) via the STAT-1/STAT-6 pathway in vivo and in vitro. We first examined the effect of PPARγ on macrophage polarization in LPS/IFN-γ-treated M1 RAW264.7 cells and IL-4/IL-13-treated M2 RAW264.

An Unexpected Evolution: Severe Pneumonia in an Immunocompromised Patient.

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) varies in clinical presentation, ranging from mild pneumonia characterized by fever and productive cough to severe pneumonia characterized by respiratory distress and sepsis. We present a 40-year-old woman who presents to the emergency room with dyspnea, pleuritic chest pain, productive cough with hemoptysis, and fever. On physical examination, the patient presents with tachypnea and hypotension, which proved refractory to fluid therapy.

Clinical usefulness of patient-reported-outcome-measurement information system in Pediatric Crohn's Disease: a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: This study evaluated the clinical utility of the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) by comparing it with objective clinical data and validated health-related quality of life (HRQOL) measures in pediatric Crohn's disease (CD) patients.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Pediatric CD patients (aged 8-17 years) were enrolled prospectively over eight months from an outpatient pediatric gastroenterology center.

Harnessing 3D models to uncover the mechanisms driving infectious and inflammatory disease in the intestine.

Representative models of intestinal diseases are transforming our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of disease, facilitating effective drug screening and avenues for personalised medicine. Despite the emergence of 3D in vitro intestinal organoid culture systems that replicate the genetic and functional characteristics of the epithelial tissue of origin, there are still challenges in reproducing the human physiological tissue environment in a format that enables functional readouts. Here, we describe the latest platforms engineered to investigate environmental tissue impacts, host-microbe interactions and enable drug discovery.

Predictive modeling to evaluate long-term treatment effectiveness of darvadstrocel in patients with complex perianal fistulas in Crohn's disease.

Background: Current therapies for complex Crohn's perianal fistulas (CPF) have a limited ability to achieve long-term healing. Darvadstrocel (DVS) is an expanded allogeneic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy that has demonstrated efficacy in treating complex CPF in clinical trials. There are, however, limited long-term comparative data with standard of care (SoC).

Health-care resource use and costs associated with inflammatory bowel disease in northwest London: a retrospective linked database study.

Background: With 20-40% of patients who have inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) not responding to therapy, resource use and costs can be high. We performed a descriptive analysis of health-care data for IBD management in the National Health Service to explore potential areas for improvement.

Methods: In this exploratory study, we analysed real-world data from the Discover dataset for adults with a diagnosis of incident IBD recorded in northwest London, UK, between 31 March, 2016, and 31 March, 2020.

Fatigue, pain and faecal incontinence in adult inflammatory bowel disease patients and the unmet need: a national cross-sectional survey.

Background And Aims: The co-existence of fatigue, pain and faecal incontinence in people with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is unknown. We aimed to determine the presence of and relationship between these symptoms and patients' desire for intervention.

Methods: Adults with IBD in the UK, recruited from clinics, the national IBD-BioResource, a patient charity and social media sources, completed PROMIS validated patient-reported questionnaires to identify fatigue, pain and faecal incontinence, in addition to symptom severity and impact, disease activity, anxiety and depression questionnaires and questions about their desire for help with these symptoms.

Surface-functionalized bacteria: Frontier explorations in next-generation live biotherapeutics.

Screening robust living bacteria to produce living biotherapeutic products (LBPs) represents a burgeoning research field in biomedical applications. Despite their natural abilities to colonize bio-interfaces and proliferate, harnessing bacteria for such applications is hindered by considerable challenges in unsatisfied functionalities and safety concerns. Leveraging the high degree of customization and adaptability on the surface of bacteria demonstrates significant potential to improve therapeutic outcomes and achieve tailored functionalities of LBPs.

A comparative approach on the prophylactic impact of fermented beverages on acute ulcerative colitis in mouse model.

Acute ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of the colon that is becoming increasingly prevalent. Yet, a growing body of evidence supports the efficacy of dietary interventions in preventing acute ulcerative colitis. Fermented beverages have been the focus of research in humans and animals for several years due to their potential to influence overall health functions with an emphasis on gut health.

Effect of commercial prescription diets containing prebiotics on clinical signs and fecal microbiome in dogs with intestinal disease.

Diet has emerged as a key modulator of the gut microbiota, offering a potential strategy for disease prevention and management. This study investigated the effects of the Prescription Diet Gastrointestinal Biome (GB) on 7 healthy dogs and 16 dogs with chronic gastrointestinal diseases (GI dogs). Our investigation monitored changes in body weight and the Canine Inflammatory Bowel Disease Activity Index (CIBDAI) in 16 GI dogs fed a GB diet.

Water-assisted colonoscopy in inflammatory bowel diseases: From technical implications to diagnostic and therapeutic potentials.

Water-assisted colonoscopy (WAC) application in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) endoscopy offers significant technical opportunities. Traditional gas-aided insufflation colonoscopy increases patient discomfort, presenting challenges in the frequent and detailed mucosal assessments required for IBD endoscopy. WAC techniques, including water immersion and exchange, provide superior patient comfort and enhanced endoscopic visualisation.

CD8+ cell dominance in immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis and its heterogeneity across endoscopic features.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-induced colitis is a significant adverse event associated with ICI therapy, known to be linked to increased cytotoxic T-cell activity.

Objectives: To compare T-cell subsets based on the endoscopic features of ICI-induced colitis and to compare these findings with those of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Role of species in pathogenesis, immune regulation, and prognostic tools for managing ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease.

The gut microbiome plays a key role in the pathogenesis and disease activity of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). While research has focused on the bacterial microbiome, recent studies have shifted towards host genetics and host-fungal interactions. The mycobiota is a vital component of the gastrointestinal microbial community and plays a significant role in immune regulation.

Advancing early diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease: A call for enhanced efforts.

The diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complicated by its nonspecific clinical presentation and the limited accuracy of existing biomarker tests, frequently resulting in significant delays from the time of symptom onset to the achievement of a definitive diagnosis. Thus, improving the early identification of IBD remains a crucial focus for gastroenterologists. Blüthner innovatively utilized medical data from German IBD patients to investigate risk factors contributing to these diagnostic delays.

Clinical study of Jianpi Qingchang decoction in the treatment of ulcerative colitis patients with spleen deficiency and dampness-heat syndrome accompanied by fatigue: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic non-specific inflammatory intestinal disease, categoried under "dysentery" and "intestinal bleeding" in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Jianpi Qingchang decoction (JPQC) is a combination formula specifically designed for the treatment of UC. The primary objective of this study is to examine the clinical efficacy of JPQC in individuals diagnosed with UC who exhibit both spleen deficiency and dampness-heat syndrome, along with the presence of fatigue.

Two cases of childhood linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis following multivisceral transplant: A case report.

Childhood linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis is a well-recognized autoimmune blistering dermatosis that can be idiopathic, drug-induced, secondary to autoimmune diseases, malignancies, infections, or gastrointestinal diseases including inflammatory bowel disease. However, it has not been previously associated with a history of organ transplantation. Here, we report two cases of childhood linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis in young infants following multivisceral organ transplant, including one with a particularly recalcitrant course.

Achieving Health Equity: Advancing Colorectal Surgery among Racial and Ethnic Minorities in America.

Racial inequities in short and long-term outcomes following colorectal surgery continue to persist. Using inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer as disease foci, we review existing racial inequities in surgical outcomes and complications, discuss how social determinants of health and biopsychosocial factors can contribute to these inequities, and highlight potential mechanisms for building interventions to achieve health equity following colorectal surgery for minority populations.

Live Akkermansia muciniphila boosts dendritic cell retinoic acid synthesis to modulate IL-22 activity and mitigate colitis in mice.

Background: The interplay between gut microbiota and immune responses is crucial in ulcerative colitis (UC). Though Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk) shows therapeutic potential, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study sought to investigate differences in therapeutic efficacy among different forms or strains of Akk and elucidate the underlying mechanisms.

Prevalence and outcomes of arthritis in pediatric IBD: A multicenter study from the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition.

Background And Aims: The aim of the present study was to assess prevalence and disease outcomes of arthritis in a nationwide cohort of pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: We collected data of pediatric IBD patients experiencing arthritis from the Italian Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition IBD registry. We gathered baseline and one-year follow-up data on concomitant IBD and arthritis diagnosis.

Exploring the Role of Brain Fog, Fatigue, and Psychological Distress on Quality of Life in Individuals Living with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Cross-sectional Study.

Background And Aims: Despite reports of brain fog in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), empirical research into this phenomenon has been lacking. This study aimed to validate a brain fog scale and explore the relationships between IBD symptom activity, brain fog, fatigue, psychological distress, and quality of life (QoL).

Method: A cross-sectional online study.

Childlessness in Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease - Data from the Prospective Multi-center Swiss IBD Cohort Study.

This study investigates childlessness and infertility in individuals diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Notably, the research reveals intriguing patterns related to gender and specific IBD subtypes. Among female patients with Crohn's disease (CD), a higher childlessness rate is observed compared to the general Swiss population.