The impact of immune dysregulation on the risk of malignancy in common variable immunodeficiency: insights from a multicenter study.

Background: Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) represents a heterogenic group of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) characterized by impaired antibody production and susceptibility to infections. Non-infectious complications, such as autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancies, now significantly impact prognosis. Moreover, both hematologic and solid organ malignancies are more frequently observed in CVID patients compared to other PIDs.

Bloodstream Infections Presenting with Septic Shock in Neutropenic Cancer Patients: Impact of Empirical Antibiotic Therapy.

This large, multicenter, retrospective cohort study including onco-hematological neutropenic patients with bloodstream infection (PABSI) found that among 1213 episodes, 411 (33%) presented with septic shock. The presence of solid tumors (33.3% vs.

Bronchiectasis and asthma: Data from the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC).

Background: Asthma is commonly reported in patients with a diagnosis of bronchiectasis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with bronchiectasis and asthma (BE+A) had a different clinical phenotype and different outcomes compared with patients with bronchiectasis without concomitant asthma.

Methods: A prospective observational pan-European registry (European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration) enrolled patients across 28 countries.

The Association between Bronchiectasis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Data from the European Bronchiectasis Registry (EMBARC).

COPD and bronchiectasis are commonly reported together. Studies report varying impacts of co-diagnosis on outcomes, which may be related to different definitions of disease used across studies. To investigate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with bronchiectasis and its relationship with clinical outcomes.

Stability of meropenem in portable elastomeric infusion devices: which protocol should be implemented in clinical practice?

Although outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy can be a good approach to treating infections, a lack of data regarding antibiotic stability in portable elastomeric infusion devices restricts its safe and effective use. Actually, meropenem is used for prolonged periods above 24 h, and it is not physicochemically stable, which can compromise efficacy and toxicity. This work is of high importance to show the clinicians the real shelf life of meropenem when administered in portable elastomeric infusion devices.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices in HIV-related chronic inflammation and cardiovascular risk in Spain.

Background: People with HIV (PWH) in suppressive antiretroviral treatment suffer from chronic inflammation-related comorbidities, mainly cardiovascular diseases. However, given the lack of specific evidence about inflammation in PWH, clinical guidelines do not provide recommendations for the management of this issue. To date, physician awareness of inflammation in PWH remains unclear.

Genome-based epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Spain: A prospective multicentre study.

Background: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates combined with epidemiological and phenotypic data provides better understanding of population dynamics.

Aim: The objective of this study was to investigate the molecular epidemiology of N. gonorrhoeae isolates from three centres in Spain and determine associations of antimicrobial resistance.

Effectiveness and safety of integrase strand transfer inhibitors in Spain: a prospective real-world study.

Introduction: Second-generation integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are preferred treatment options worldwide, and dolutegravir (DTG) is the treatment of choice in resource-limited settings. Nevertheless, in some resource-limited settings, these drugs are not always available. An analysis of the experience with the use of INSTIs in unselected adults living with HIV may be of help to make therapeutic decisions when second-generation INSTIs are not available.

Bloodstream Infections in Patients with Cancer: Differences between Patients with Hematological Malignancies and Solid Tumors.

Objectives: To assess the clinical features and outcomes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection (PA BSI) in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies (HM) and with solid tumors (ST), and identify the risk factors for 30-day mortality. Methods: We performed a large multicenter, retrospective cohort study including onco-hematological neutropenic patients with PA BSI conducted across 34 centers in 12 countries (January 2006−May 2018). Episodes occurring in hematologic patients were compared to those developing in patients with ST.

Effect of Combination Antibiotic Empirical Therapy on Mortality in Neutropenic Cancer Patients with Pneumonia.

To assess the effect of combination antibiotic empirical therapy on 30-day case-fatality rate in neutropenic cancer patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) bacteremic pneumonia. This was a multinational, retrospective cohort study of neutropenic onco-hematological patients with PA bloodstream infection (BSI) (2006−2018). The effect of appropriate empirical combination therapy, appropriate monotherapy and inappropriate empirical antibiotic therapy [IEAT] on 30-day case-fatality was assessed only in patients with PA bacteremic pneumonia.

Quantification of plasmid copy number as surrogate marker of virulence among different invasive and non-invasive genotypes of Chlamydia trachomatis.

The population dissemination of invasive genotypes of C. trachomatis and an increase of urogenital infections cases by non-invasive genotypes have been observed in many countries. In this epidemiological context, the descriptions of a high proportion of infections related to L-genotypes in asymptomatic patients, but also to infections caused by non-L genotypes in symptomatic patients have been unexpected finding.

PICO Questions and DELPHI Methodology for the Management of Venous Thromboembolism Associated with COVID-19.

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have a higher risk of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) than patients with other infectious or inflammatory diseases, both as macrothrombosis (pulmonar embolism and deep vein thrombosis) or microthrombosis. However, the use of anticoagulation in this scenario remains controversial. This is a project that used DELPHI methodology to answer PICO questions related to anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19.

Recurring Severe Injection-Related Infections in People Who Inject Drugs and the Need for Safe Injection Sites in Madrid, Spain.

Background: An estimated 58 749 people with opioid use disorder engaged in opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in 1132 centers in Spain during 2017. We aimed to calculate the incidence of severe injection-related infections in people who inject drugs (PWID) engaged in OAT in harm reduction settings without a safe consumption space.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed in PWID engaged in OAT and in a mobile harm reduction unit to quantify admissions to a referral hospital for any severe injection-related infections between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2019.

Impact of the Inclusion of an Aminoglycoside to the Initial Empirical Antibiotic Therapy for Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections in Hematological Neutropenic Patients: a Propensity-Matched Cohort Study (AMINOLACTAM Study).

To test the hypothesis that the addition of an aminoglycoside to a β-lactam antibiotic could provide better outcomes than β-lactam monotherapy for the initial empirical treatment of hematological neutropenic patients with subsequently documented Gram-negative bacillus (GNB) bloodstream infection (BSI), a multinational, retrospective, cohort study of GNB BSI episodes in hematological neutropenic patients in six centers (2010 to 2017) was conducted. Combination therapy (β-lactam plus aminoglycoside) was compared to β-lactam monotherapy. The primary endpoint was the case fatality rate, assessed at 7 and 30 days from BSI onset.

Progressive and Parallel Decline of Humoral and T-Cell Immunity in Convalescent Healthcare Workers with Asymptomatic or Mild-to-Moderate Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection.

We investigated the duration of humoral and T-cell immune response in paired samples among 22 convalescent healthcare workers (HCWs). A median of 1.8 months after diagnosis, T-cell response was significantly lower in HCWs with early loss of antibodies (6 cases [27%]).

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine and Thrombosis: An Expert Consensus on Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia.

Historically, the vaccination strategies developed in the second half of the 20th century have facilitated the eradication of infectious diseases. From the onset of COVID-19 pandemic to the end of April 2021, more than 150 million cases and 3 million deaths were documented worldwide with disruption of the economic and social activity, and with devastating material, physical, and psychological consequences. Reports of unusual and severe thrombotic events, including cerebral and splanchnic venous thrombosis and other autoimmune adverse reactions, such as immune thrombocytopenia or thrombotic microangiopathies in connection with some of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, have caused a great deal of concern within the population and the medical community.