Ferric carboxymaltose for anemia in late pregnancy: a randomized controlled trial.

Over 46% of African pregnant women are anemic. Oral iron is recommended but often suboptimal, particularly late in pregnancy. Intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) could treat anemia in women in the third trimester in sub-Saharan Africa.

Association of Body Mass Index trajectory with thyroid nodules during young adulthood in China.

This longitudinal study sought to identify distinct body mass index (BMI) trajectories and investigate the impact of these level-independent BMI trajectories on the prevalence of thyroid nodules (TN).This study encompassed a cohort of 1967 participants from a hospital in China. Utilizing latent class growth mixture modeling (LCGMM), four BMI trajectory groups were identified based on the BMI of individuals without TN from 2017 to 2019.

Spatial transcriptomics unveils estrogen-modulated immune responses and structural alterations in the ectocervical mucosa of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users.

The injectable contraceptive, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), is associated with compromised cervical mucosal barriers. High-resolution spatial transcriptomics is applied here to reveal the spatial localization of these altered molecular markers. Ectocervical tissue samples from Kenyan sex workers using DMPA, or non-hormonal contraceptives, underwent spatial transcriptomics and gene set enrichment analyses.

Methionine-driven methylation modification overcomes plasmid-mediated high-level tigecycline resistance.

Tigecycline is a last-resort antibiotic to treat complicated infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens, while the emergence of plasmid-mediated tet(X) family severely compromises its clinical efficacy. Novel antimicrobial strategies not limited to new antibiotics in pharmaceutical pipeline are urgently needed. Herein, we reveal the metabolic disparities between tet(X)-negative and -positive E.

Integration of Immune Responses and Transcriptomic Signatures Reveals the Efficacy of Maternal Genetic Vaccination in a Pregnant Model and Its Neonates.

Maternal vaccination is essential for safeguarding both mother and foetus from infectious diseases. This study investigated the immunogenicity and efficacy of a maternal ORF-B2L genetic vaccine in a pregnant rat model, focusing on maternal-neonatal immune modulation, placental and neonatal spleen transcriptomics and the underlying mechanisms contributing to neonatal immune development. Female rats received intramuscular injections of either a gene vaccine (GV) containing 200 μg of recombinant ORF-B2L DNA and 50 μg of a subunit protein or an empty plasmid as a control.

Association between resolution of MRI-detected inflammation and improved clinical outcomes in axial spondyloarthritis under long-term anti-TNF therapy.

Objectives: In this post-hoc analysis of ESTHER trial, we aimed to investigate the longitudinal relationship between inflammation on MRI and the achievement of inactive disease/low disease activity in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) treated with long-term tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor etanercept.

Methods: Of the 76 patients with active axSpA in the ESTHER trial, we included all patients treated with etanercept for at least 6 months for main analysis. All clinical and MRI data from 4.

CREB3L1 facilitates pancreatic tumor progression and reprograms intratumoral tumor-associated macrophages to shape an immunotherapy-resistance microenvironment.

Background: To date, a growing body of evidence suggests that unfolded protein response (UPR) sensors play a vital role in carcinogenesis. However, it remains unclear whether they are involved in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and how they relate to clinical outcomes. This study aims to investigate the biological function and mechanism of how a novel UPR sensor, CREB3L1 works in PDAC and further evaluate its clinical application prospect.

Anti-PD-1 amplifies costimulation in melanoma-infiltrating T1-like Foxp3 regulatory T cells to alleviate local immunosuppression.

Background: Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) are the first line of treatment for many solid tumors including melanoma. PD-1 blockade enhances the effector functions of melanoma-infiltrating CD8 T cells, leading to durable tumor remissions. However, 55% of patients with melanoma do not respond to treatment.

Upgrading your best chances: postdiagnosis smoking cessation boosts life expectancy of patients with cancer - a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundTobacco use is linked to increased cancer risk, and people who smoke represent a large proportion of newly diagnosed patients with cancer. The fact that smoking cessation at the time of diagnosis can improve the patient's life expectancy is still not broadly understood. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the survival benefits obtainable by quitting smoking on diagnosis.

Diabetic foot: A systematic review and meta-analysis on its prevalence and associated factors among patients with diabetes mellitus in a sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Diabetes is one of the non-communicable diseases that represents the greatest public health challenge in sub-Saharan Africa, where diabetes related needs are currently largely unmet, and the debilitating aspects of the foot are worsened by issues related to healthcare costs, self-care practices, and inadequate knowledge. To estimate the pooled prevalence and associated factors of diabetic foot ulcers among patients with Diabetes mellitus, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis. Although studies on, diabetic foot ulcer among patients with diabetes mellitus have been available, the results have been inconsistent.

Distinguishing Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children from Typhus Using Artificial Intelligence: MIS-C vs. Endemic Typhus (AI-MET).

Background: The pandemic emergent disease multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) following coronavirus disease-19 infection can mimic endemic typhus. We aimed to use artificial intelligence (AI) to develop a clinical decision support system that accurately distinguishes MIS-C versus Endemic Typhus (MET).

Methods: Demographic, clinical, and laboratory features rapidly available following presentation were extracted for 133 patients with MIS-C and 87 patients hospitalized due to typhus.

Current status of immunisation for herpes zoster.

Herpes zoster (HZ) is increasingly common in the aging and is experienced by approximately one in three people in their lifetime. It is also relatively common in immune-compromised people. Acute HZ causes severe pain, reduced quality of life and severe complications, including prolonged pain, or postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), and ocular zoster, which may rarely progress to blindness.

In vitro efficacy of levonadifloxacin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) including hVISA isolates collected across India.

Background: Vancomycin has been the preferred treatment for MRSA infections. However, newer drugs are necessary due to the increasing prevalence of MRSA isolates that are less susceptible to vancomycin. Levonadifloxacin its a prodrug alalevonadifloxacin, novel quinolones with broad spectrum anti-MRSA activity.

Evaluation of self-collected dried blood spots for detection of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies shows low sensitivity.

Background And Aims: Dried blood spots (DBS) have been proposed as a cost-effective surveillance method for population-wide screening of SARS-CoV-2 immunity but sensitivity of DBS based on self-collected DBS samples is unknown. To evaluate the success of vaccination strategies, it is necessary to differentiate vaccination from natural infection. Therefore, a test for antibodies against the viral nucleocapsid protein (anti-N) is desirable.

Virological characterization of Parvovirus B19 isolated during the atypical 2023-2024 outbreak in France.

Background: A Parvovirus B19 (B19V) outbreak has been reported in Europe in 2023-2024. The aims of this study were 1) to describe the incidence of primary cases from 2012 to 2024 in one French hospital 2) to analyze the genome of 2023 strains 3) to identify virological profiles according to the clinical presentations of B19V infection.

Methods: The incidence of B19V primary cases was studied through an interrupted time-series analysis.

Target product profile for cell-based and gene-based therapies to achieve a cure for HIV.

This target product profile (TPP) highlights the minimal and optimal characteristics for ex-vivo and in-vivo cell and gene therapy-based products aimed at achieving an HIV cure (ie, durable antiretroviral-free viral control). The need for an effective, safe, scalable, affordable, accessible, and acceptable cure for HIV infection remains a major global priority. The possibilities for cell and gene therapy-based products for an HIV cure are rapidly expanding.

The steady-state pharmacokinetics of fixed-dose combination dolutegravir+rilpivirine in hemodialysis.

Objective: Fixed dose combination (FDC) dolutegravir (DTG) plus rilpivirine (RPV) is an approved antiretroviral treatment regimen for people with HIV. The steady-state pharmacokinetics (PK) of FDC DTG+RPV in hemodialysis (HD) has not been previously studied.

Design: We performed a single-center, prospective evaluation of the steady-state PK of FDC DTG +RPV in 4 adults without HIV either requiring HD and in 4 matched participants with normal renal function.

Topic Modeling of Nursing Issues in the Media During 4 Emerging Infectious Disease Epidemics in South Korea: Descriptive Analysis.

Background: Emerging infectious disease disasters receive extensive media coverage and public attention. Nurse burnout and attrition peak during health crises such as pandemics. However, there is limited research on nursing issues related to repeated emerging infectious disease crises over time.

Developing Guidelines for Conducting Stigma Research With Transgender and Nonbinary Individuals: Protocol for Creation of a Trauma-Informed Approach to Research.

Background: Transgender and nonbinary individuals have received increasing attention within HIV research, with studies documenting the pervasive role stigma plays in creating and sustaining health inequities. However, the proliferation of HIV stigma research with this population has also raised concerns about research practices that may unintentionally stigmatize or retraumatize the very communities they are designed to benefit. Conducting stigma research is critical for generating accurate information about HIV epidemiology, risk and protective factors, and intervention strategies for transgender and nonbinary individuals.

User-centered adaption of , A novel mhealth application integrating medication reminders with virtual peer support and social/financial incentives to improve medication adherence.

Youth living with HIV (YLWH) have high rates of virologic failure due to medication non-adherence. is a novel, gamified mobile health (mHealth) application designed with user-centered principles to improve medication adherence by integrating medication reminders with social and financial incentives, virtual peer social support and early clinic outreach for non-adherent YLWH in Nigeria. Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted to identify reactions to key prototype features (user interface, medication reminders, incentives, and peer support), facilitators and barriers to app use, and how well the app would meet adherence needs.

The helmeted hornbill casque is reinforced by a bundle of exceptionally thick, rod-like trabeculae.

Among hornbill birds, the critically endangered helmeted hornbill (Rhinoplax vigil) is notable for its casque (a bulbous beak protrusion) being filled with trabeculae and fronted by a very thick keratin layer. Casque function is debated but appears central to aerial jousting, where birds (typically males) collide casques at high speeds in a mid-flight display that is audible for more than 100 m. We characterized the structural relationship between the skull and casque anatomy using X-ray microtomography and quantitative trabecular network analysis to examine how the casque sustains extreme impact.

Mortality and predictors among HIV-TB co-infected patients in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: HIV-TB co-infection poses a significant public health threat, notably in sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia. Despite this public health problem, studies in Ethiopia regarding the mortality of HIV-TB co-infection patients have been inconsistent, and the overall estimate of mortality was not determined. Accordingly, this meta-analysis aims to assess the magnitude of mortality and predictors among HIV-TB co-infected patients in Ethiopia.