Evaluating Metabolic Profiling of Human Milk Using Biocrates MxP QUANT 500 Assay.

Metabolic profiling of human milk (HM) is indispensable for elucidating mother-milk-infant relationships. We evaluated the Biocrates MxP Quant 500 assay for HM-targeted metabolomics (106 small molecules, 524 lipids) and analyzed in a feasibility test HM from apparently healthy Brazilian mothers (A: 2-8, B: 28-50, C: 88-119 days postpartum, n = 25). Of the 630 possible signatures detectable with this assay, 506 were above the limits of detection in an HM-pool (10 µL) used for assay evaluation, 12 of them above the upper limit of quantitation.

Maternal plasma urocortin level as a biomarker of preterm birth: a prospective cohort study in Sulaimaniyah city in Iraq.

Objective: To evaluate the value of the urocortin (UCN) level to predict preterm delivery in women with threatened preterm labour.

Methods: This prospective cohort study included 96 women with a singleton pregnancy between 28 and 34 weeks of gestation who were admitted with threatened preterm labour. The participants were monitored until delivery.

A Newborn with Cleft Palate Associated with PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome.

: PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) has evolved into an umbrella term for a range of syndromes, characterized by loss-of-function variants in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene on chromosome 10q23.31. This can result in a lifelong tumor predisposition in patients.

Imaging Flow Cytometric Identification of Chromosomal Defects in Paediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia.

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia is the most common childhood malignancy that remains a leading cause of death in childhood. It may be characterised by multiple known recurrent genetic aberrations that inform prognosis, the most common being hyperdiploidy and t(12;21) . We aimed to assess the applicability of a new imaging flow cytometry methodology that incorporates cell morphology, immunophenotype, and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) to identify aneuploidy of chromosomes 4 and 21 and the translocation .

Flow Cytometry Evaluation of Blood-Cell-Bound Surface FVIII in Hemophilia A and Thrombosis.

Hemophilia A (HA) is associated with FVIII coagulation insufficiency or inactivity leading to excessive bleeding. Elevated FVIII, on the contrary, is associated with thrombophilia, thrombosis, myocardial infarctions, and stroke. Active FVIII (aFVIII) uses its C2 domain to bind to blood cells' membranes, consequently carrying out its coagulative function.

Preservation of Bilateral Corticospinal Projections from Injured Hemisphere After Perinatal Stroke.

Background: Perinatal brain injury is a leading cause of developmental disabilities, including cerebral palsy. However, further work is needed to understand early brain development in the presence of brain injury. In this case report, we examine the longitudinal neuromotor development of a term infant following a significant loss of right-hemispheric brain tissue due to a unilateral ischemic stroke.

The Connection Between Stress and Women's Smoking During the Perinatal Period: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: In women, smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period has important consequences for maternal and infant health, and interventions to assist smoking cessation during this period are essential. Although smoking has been associated with the presence of mental health problems, few studies addressing the factors associated with perinatal smoking have examined the role of stress. The aim of this review was to identify the relationships between the presence of stress and smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period.

Accuracy of Intraoperative Transesophageal Echocardiographic Doppler Parameters in Assessing the Right Ventricular Diastolic Function After Repair of Tetralogy of Fallot in Pediatric Patients.

Background: This study aimed to assess the accuracy of tricuspid spectral Doppler (E/A) and tissue Doppler parameters (E/E') to diagnose right ventricular diastolic dysfunction (RVDD) in comparison to American Society of Echocardiography (ASE criteria) in pediatric tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) patients after surgical repair.

Methods: This prospective, observational study was done at a tertiary care hospital involving 40 pediatric TOF patients aged less than 2 years who underwent complete intracardiac repair with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Echocardiographic observations were made using a pediatric transesophageal echocardiography probe after surgical repair in the post-CPB period.

Comparative Evaluation of Regain of Consciousness in Dexmedetomidine-Propofol versus Ketamine-Propofol in the Pediatric Cardiac Catheterization Procedure under Sedation using BIS Monitoring: A Randomized Prospective Study.

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are not rare and often require an intervention at some point of time. Pediatric cardiac catheterization, a minimally invasive procedure, is performed to diagnose and to correct many cardiac abnormalities. Deep sedation with spontaneously breathing patients is the preferred technique for pediatric catheterization in the pediatric population.

Comparison of fluoride level between mother's milk and infant formula milk - a global systematic review and dental fluorosis risk assessment.

Dental Fluorosis (DF) is one of the negative outcomes of excessive fluoride (F) intake through food sources. This systematic review aimed to compare F content in two important food sources for infants, Mother's Milk (MoM) and Infant Formula (IF), and then evaluate the risk of DF related to F in those two types of food. For this purpose, 181 studies were initially found by searching the relevant keywords in widely recognized databases, including Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed.

[Safety evaluation of tetravalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine in combination with the inactivated poliomyelitis vaccine and diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis vaccine for infants].

To investigate the safety of the tetravalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MPCV-ACYW) in combination with the inactivated poliomyelitis (IPV) vaccine and diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccine for infants aged 3-5 months and provide real-world evidence for the immunization strategy of vaccine combination. From June to October 2023, a total of 600 3-month-old infants were selected and divided into three groups: control group, mono-vaccination group and combined vaccination group. They were simultaneously or individually vaccinated with MPCV-ACYW, IPV and DTaP vaccines at 3, 4, and 5 months of age, respectively.

Schistosomiasis treatment in young children: a welcome step towards deployment of the paediatric praziquantel formulation.

It is an awkward fact that effective public health control of schistosomiasis in Africa has yet to deliver a fully comprehensive intervention for appropriate anthelmintic treatment of those preschool-age children and infants with active infection(s) and/or insidious disease. Over the last decade, despite the steady progress of the Pediatric Praziquantel Consortium in developing a monoenantiomeric oral dispersible tablet, future challenges remain in securing its deployment and implementation at scale. This commentary provides a forward-looking critique for the international community, reminding us of this unfortunate treatment gap, and seeks to encourage commensurate action on ameliorating this overlooked medical inequity.

Measuring Speech Discrimination Ability in Sleeping Infants Using fNIRS-A Proof of Principle.

This study used functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to measure aspects of the speech discrimination ability of sleeping infants. We examined the morphology of the fNIRS response to three different speech contrasts, namely "Tea/Ba," "Bee/Ba," and "Ga/Ba." Sixteen infants aged between 3 and 13 months old were included in this study and their fNIRS data were recorded during natural sleep.

Impact of co-infections and immune responses on clinical severity of human adenovirus 3 and 7 infections in hospitalized children with lower respiratory tract infections: a comparative study.

Background: The pathogenic distribution of co-infections and immunological status of patients infected with human adenovirus serotypes 3 or 7 (HAdV-3 or HAdV-7) were poorly understood.

Methods: This study involved a retrospective analysis of respiratory specimens collected from enrolled children with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs), positive for HAdV-3 or HAdV-7 from January 2017 to December 2019. Demographic data, clinical features, laboratory and radiographic findings were compared to delineate the impact of co-infections, and immune responses on clinical severity of HAdV-3 or HAdV-7 infections.

The economic burden of atopic dermatitis in Romania: a broad perspective.

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common dermatological condition, is often associated with significant economic and social burdens. Despite extensive studies globally, there is a gap in understanding the impact of this condition in Romania. This study evaluated the economic burden of AD in Romania, considering both direct and indirect costs.

Unusual Manifestation of Vitamin K Deficiency, Nodular Purpura: A Case Series.

Vitamin K deficiency is a common entity in infancy characterized by bleeding from various sites, intracranial bleeding being the most commonly reported feature. Nodular purpura is an uncommon manifestation of vitamin K deficiency in infancy with a few reported cases in literature. We present four cases of infants presenting with nodular purpura as a manifestation of late-onset vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB).

Gut microbiota and plasma metabolites in pregnant mothers and infant atopic dermatitis: A multi-omics study.

Background: Many studies reported the influence of infants' gut microbiota on atopic dermatitis (AD) postnatally, yet the role of maternal gut microbiota and plasma metabolites in infants' AD remains largely unexplored.

Methods: Sixty-three pregnant mother-infants were enrolled and followed after childbirth in Guangzhou, China. Demographic information, maternal stool and plasma samples, and records for infants' AD were collected.

Piloting a battery to evaluate parasympathetic reactivity and externalizing behaviours during early childhood in autism spectrum disorder.

Background: Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia Reactivity (RSA-R) correlates both positively and negatively with externalizing behavior in autistic individuals. These inconsistencies may result from task-based differences. This pilot study measured RSA-R in 4-to 6-year-olds, across two time-points, using four validated tasks with matched baseline and challenge periods.

Is there a role for nutritional advice during breastfeeding for infant colic relief? A mixed-method study.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the extent and impact of maternal dietary change for colic relief in a cohort of breastfeeding women.

Method: A mixed-method non-sequential approach was devised, including a web-based survey (n = 66) and three semi-structured interviews.

Results: Most women (70 %) changed their diet while breastfeeding a baby with colic and perceived a positive impact on their babies (63 %).

Frequency and pain intensity of painful procedures in premature infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit.

Background: Various painful therapeutic and diagnostic procedures are performed daily for hospitalized infants. These procedures are very effective in their growth and recovery process. This study was conducted to determine "the frequency and pain intensity of painful procedures in premature infants hospitalized in NICU.

Mixed-methods study assessing the accuracy of verbal autopsy and sociocultural determinants of infant mortality in Gujarat, India.

Background: Accurate determination of infant mortality causes and understanding sociocultural factors influencing care-seeking behaviors are crucial for targeted interventions in resource-limited settings. This mixed-methods study aimed to assess the accuracy of verbal autopsy (VA) in ascertaining infant death causes and explore sociocultural determinants of infant mortality in Gujarat, India.

Materials And Methods: It was a mixed-method study with a retrospective cohort component for which data from 661 infant records were extracted from the main health office's database, with a subset of 328 infant deaths selected for verbal autopsy analysis.

Infantile epileptic spasms syndrome: an etiologic study of 361 patients with infantile epileptic spasms syndrome.

Introduction: Infantile Epileptic Spasms Syndrome (IESS) typically has a profound impact on the neurodevelopment of patients. The study on IESS indicates possible geographical variation in etiology and a lack of data from China. Our study intends to summarize the etiology of IESS and analyze its characteristics.

A nomogram for predicting neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome in patients with neonatal pneumonia after 34 weeks of gestation.

Objective: To establish a prediction nomogram for early prediction of neonatal acute respiratory distress syndrome (NARDS).

Methods: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted between January 2021 and December 2023. Clinical characteristics and laboratory results of cases with neonatal pneumonia were compared in terms of presence of NARDS diagnosis based on the Montreux Definition.

A Cross-Sectional Study of the Maternal Health Factors: The Interplay Between Breastfeeding Patterns, Gut Microbiota, Anemia, and Cardiovascular Risk in Lactating Mothers.

Objective This cross-sectional study explored the interplay between breastfeeding patterns, gut microbiota composition, anemia, and cardiovascular risk in lactating mothers. The study examined how these factors contribute to postpartum maternal and infant health outcomes. Methods Forty-five lactating mothers, with a mean age of 32.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Postpartum Depression in Palestinian Women in the Hebron Governorate, Palestine.

Background: Despite the increased interest from researchers in Postpartum depression (PPD) globally, related studies are limited in Palestine and do not provide a comprehensive understanding of PPD.

Objective: We examined the factors that determine post-partum depression among Palestinian mothers in Hebron governorate.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 122 governmental primary healthcare clinics in Hebron Governorate.