RETRACTED: Erratum to "Resveratrol induces apoptosis involving mitochondrial pathways in mouse skin tumorigenesis" [Life Sciences (2008) 348-358].

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal).

Occupational health hazards of trichloroethylene among workers in relation to altered mRNA expression of cell cycle regulating genes (p53, p21, bax and bcl-2) and PPARA.

Trichloroethylene (TCE) is widely used as a metal degreaser in industrial processes. The present study reports on the effects of TCE exposure on workers employed in the lock industries. To ensure exposure of the workers to TCE, its toxic metabolites, trichloroacetic acid (TCA), dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroethanol (TCEOH) were detected in the plasma of the subjects through solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-electron capture detection.

Allergenicity potential of red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) proteins in orally treated BALB/c mice and passively sensitized RBL-2H3 cells.

Red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one the most commonly consumed legumes that requires an in depth understanding of its allergenicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the allergenicity of red kidney bean proteins following oral exposure in BALB/c mice and elucidate the levels of Th1/Th2 transcription factors induced by red kidney bean proteins in rat basophilic leukemia cells (RBL-2H3 cells) passively sensitized with the sera of red kidney bean sensitized mice.

Polymorphism Arg72Pro of p53 confers susceptibility to squamous cell carcinoma of lungs in a North Indian population.

The causes of lung cancer might be many, but genetic variation in the genes of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes, tumor suppressor proteins, and/or DNA-repairing enzymes can also play a significant role in lung cancer susceptibility. The tumor suppressor protein p53 functions to induce cell cycle arrest, DNA repair, or apoptosis. Polymorphism in its gene can, therefore, play a significant role in cancer susceptibility.

Alteration in mitochondrial thiol enhances calcium ion dependent membrane permeability transition and dysfunction in vitro: a cross-talk between mtThiol, Ca(2+), and ROS.

Mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) and dysfunctions play a pivotal role in many patho-physiological and toxicological conditions. The interplay of mitochondrial thiol (mtThiol), MPT, Ca(2+) homeostasis, and resulting dysfunctions still remains controversial despite studies by several research groups. Present study was undertaken to ascertain the correlation between Ca(2+) homeostasis, mtThiol alteration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in causing MPT leading to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Association of functionally important polymorphism of microsomal epoxide hydrolase gene (EPHX1) with lung cancer susceptibility.

Distribution and gene-environment interaction of EPHX1 polymorphism was evaluated in 175 lung cancer patients and 322 controls from north India. Two novel non-synonymous, Lys117Arg and Leu263Phe, and twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms were identified in the present study. Binary logistic regression analysis showed association of polymorphism Tyr113His with increased risk of lung cancer (OR = 2.

Nimesulide aggravates redox imbalance and calcium dependent mitochondrial permeability transition leading to dysfunction in vitro.

Nimesulide (selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for the symptomatic treatment of painful conditions like osteoarthritis, spondilitis and primary dysmenorrhoea. Nimesulide induced liver damage is a serious side effect of this otherwise popular drug. The mechanism involved in nimesulide induced hepatotoxicity is still not fully elucidated.

Association of polymorphism in cytochrome P450 2D6 and N-acetyltransferase-2 with Parkinson's disease.

The present case-control study was carried out to investigate the association of polymorphism in cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) and N-acteyltransferase-2 (NAT2}, that are involved in the metabolism and detoxification of chemicals causing Parkinson disease (PD) like symptoms, with PD. Our data demonstrated increased frequency of CYP2D6*2 (1749G/C and 2938C/T), CYP2D6*4 (1934G/A) and CYP2D6*10A (188C/T) polymorphisms in PD cases when compared to the controls. Statistical analysis revealed the significant association of CYP2D6*4 (1934G/A) and CYP2D6*10A (188C/T) polymorphism with PD.

Detoxification and antioxidant effects of curcumin in rats experimentally exposed to mercury.

Curcumin, a safe nutritional component and a highly promising natural antioxidant with a wide spectrum of biological functions, has been examined in several metal toxicity studies, but its role in protection against mercury toxicity has not been investigated. Therefore, the detoxification and antioxidant effects of curcumin were examined to determine its prophylactic/therapeutic role in rats experimentally exposed to mercury (in the from of mercuric chloride-HgCl(2), 12 micromol kg(-1) b.w.

Evaluation of comparative effect of pre- and posttreatment of selenium on mercury-induced oxidative stress, histological alterations, and metallothionein mRNA expression in rats.

To evaluate the effect of pre- or posttreatment of selenium (6 micromol/kg b.w., single intraperitoneal injection) in mercury intoxication, rats were exposed to mercury (12 micromol/kg b.

Utility of adsorbents in the purification of drinking water: a review of characterization, efficiency and safety evaluation of various adsorbents.

Clean drinking water is one of the implicit requisites fora healthy human population. However the growing industrialization and extensive use of chemicals for various concerns, has increased the burden of unwanted pollutants in the drinking water of developing countries like India. The entry of potentially hazardous substances into the biota has been magnifying day by day.

Role of vitamin E in preventing acute mercury toxicity in rat.

We have examined the effect of both pre- and post-treatment of vitamin E on mercury induced acute toxicity in rats. Mercury (12μmol/kg b.w.

Interaction of drug metabolizing cytochrome P450 2D6 poor metabolizers with cytochrome P450 2C9 and 2C19 genotypes modify the susceptibility to head and neck cancer and treatment response.

The present case-control study attempted to investigate the association of poor metabolizer (PM) genotypes of cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6*4 and CYP2D6*10) with squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck (HNSCC) and treatment response in patients receiving chemotherapy or combination of chemo- and radiotherapy. Cases with the PM genotypes of CYP2D6 displayed a significantly increased risk for HNSCC as compared to wild type genotypes. The risk was found to further increase in cases (up to 4.

Activation of inflammatory response and apoptosis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with argemone oil poisoning.

In the present study, the role of ROS and RNS in activation of inflammatory response and associated molecular events during apoptosis of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMNs) in patients from an outbreak of argemone oil (AO) poisoning leading to epidemic dropsy in Lucknow, India was undertaken. It was observed that generation of superoxide radical, nitrite formation and phagocytosis (103-429%) were significantly increased in PMNs of dropsy patients. Furthermore, activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (47-79%) were found to be increased while that of catalase and glutathione reductase (GR) (56-57%) were decreased.

Genetic polymorphism of CYP3A5 in Indian chronic myeloid leukemia patients.

CYP3A5 is an important genetic contributor to inter-individual differences in CYP3A-dependent clinically important drugs of metabolism and also of various endogenous compounds and environmental contaminants. The CYP3A5*3 allele results in a truncated protein with loss of CYP3A5 expression and CYP3A5*6 is associated with lower CYP3A5 catalytic activity. The polymorphism analysis was performed by PCR-RFLP and some representative cases by direct sequencing.

Skin tumor promotion by argemone oil/alkaloid in mice: evidence for enhanced cell proliferation, ornithine decarboxylase, cyclooxygenase-2 and activation of MAPK/NF-kappaB pathway.

Consumption of argemone oil (AO) contaminated edible oil causes "Epidemic Dropsy". Previously, we have shown that AO and isolated sanguinarine possess genotoxicity and skin tumor initiating activity. Here, we evaluate tumor-promoting potential of AO/sanguinarine alkaloid and investigate the molecular mechanisms involved therein.

Phenotype of hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and CYP450 isoforms of sanguinarine treated rats: effect of P450 inducers on its toxicity.

Catalytic and immunochemical activities of cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms were investigated in argemone alkaloid, sanguinarine (SAN) intoxicated rats, pre-treated with different CYP inducers. SAN treated control (CON) and ethanol (ET), 3- methylcholantherene (MC) or dexamethasone (DEX) pre-exposed rats, resulted in 48, 64, 47 and 33% decrease in CYP content. SAN exposure to CON, and DEX, MC or ET pre-treated animals caused a decrease (22-37%) in glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, however, quinone reductase (QR) activity decreased (26-45%) in the MC pre-exposed group.

Oxygen glucose deprivation model of cerebral stroke in PC-12 cells: glucose as a limiting factor.

Optimum time points for oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) and re-oxygenation have been identified to suggest the suitability of PC-12 cells as rapid and sensitive in vitro model of cerebral stroke. Further, the precise role of glucose as one of the limiting factors was ascertained. PC-12 cells were subjected to receive OGD of 1-8 h followed by re-oxygenation for 6 to 96 h in medium having glucose 0-10 mg/ml.

Acute toxicity of metals and reference toxicants to a freshwater ostracod, Cypris subglobosa Sowerby, 1840 and correlation to EC(50) values of other test models.

The ostracod Cypris subglobosa Sowerby, 1840 static bioassay test on the basis of a 48h of 50% of immobilization (EC(50)) has been used to measure the toxicity of 36 metals and metalloids and 12 reference toxicants. Among the 36 metals and metalloids, osmium (Os) was found to be the most toxic in the test while boron (B), the least toxic. The EC(50) values of this study revealed positive linear relationship with the established test models of cladoceran (Daphnia magna), sludge worm (Tubifex tubifex), chironomid larvae (Chironomus tentans), protozoan (Tetrahymena pyriformis), fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas), bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus), and aquatic macrophyte duckweed (Lemna minor).

In-situ degradation of sulphur mustard using (1R)-(-)-(camphorylsulphonyl) oxaziridine impregnated adsorbents.

Bis-2-chloroethyl sulphide (sulphur mustard or HD) is an extremely toxic and persistent chemical warfare agent. For in-situ degradation of HD and its analogues (simulants), i.e.

DNA damaging potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles in human epidermal cells.

At present, more than 20 countries worldwide are manufacturing and marketing different varieties of nanotech-based consumer products of which cosmetics form the largest category. Due to the extremely small size of the nanoparticles (NPs) being used, there is a concern that they may interact directly with macromolecules such as DNA. The present study was aimed to assess the genotoxicity of zinc oxide (ZnO) NPs, one of the widely used ingredients of cosmetics, and other dermatological preparations in human epidermal cell line (A431).