A larval expressed chemosensory protein involved in recognition of anthocyanins in Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae).

Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites which act as diverse functions during plant growth. Insects can discriminate host plants by their sensitive gustatory systems. It is hypothetical that chemosensory proteins (CSPs) play a crucial role in regulating this behavioral process.

Toxic Effect of Methyl-Thiophanate on Based on Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis.

Background/objectives: The utilization of methyl-thiophanate (MT) in vegetables and fruits is widespread due to its broad efficiency, yet its potential impact on silkworm growth remains uncertain. This study aims to examine the effects of MT on the growth of silkworms. Specifically, we assessed the weights of fifth-instar larvae that were fed mulberry leaves saturated with three concentrations (2.

Dissecting the genetic basis of UV-B responsive metabolites in rice.

Background: UV-B, an important environmental factor, has been shown to affect the yield and quality of rice (Oryza sativa) worldwide. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the response to UV-B stress remain elusive in rice.

Results: We perform comprehensive metabolic profiling of leaves from 160 diverse rice accessions under UV-B and normal light conditions using a widely targeted metabolomics approach.

Heat-induced modulation of flavonoid biosynthesis via a LhMYBC2-Mediated regulatory network in oriental hybrid lily.

Global warming significantly threatens crop production, and adversely affects plant physiology due to rising temperatures. Oriental hybrid lily, an ornamental plant of economic importance, experiences flower color changes in response to elevated temperatures. Anthocyanins belong to a subgroup of flavonoids and are the primary pigments responsible for the coloration of oriental hybrid lily petals.

Type IV secretion system effector sabotages multiple defense systems in a competing bacterium.

Effector proteins secreted by bacteria that infect mammalian and plant cells often subdue eukaryotic host cell defenses by simultaneously affecting multiple targets. However, instances when a bacterial effector injected in the competing bacteria sabotage more than a single target have not been reported. Here, we demonstrate that the effector protein, LtaE, translocated by the type IV secretion system from the soil bacterium Lysobacter enzymogenes into the competing bacterium, Pseudomonas protegens, affects several targets, thus disabling the antibacterial defenses of the competitor.

Chemical composition analysis and transcriptomics reveal the R2R3-MYB genes and phenol oxidases regulating the melanin formation in black radish.

Melanins are dark-brown to black-colored biomacromolecules which have been thoroughly studied in animals and microorganisms. However, the biochemical and molecular basis of plant melanins are poorly understood. We first characterized melanin from the black radish (Raphanus sativus var.

Mycorrhizas Affect Physiological Performance, Antioxidant System, Photosynthesis, Endogenous Hormones, and Water Content in Cotton under Salt Stress.

Saline-alkali stress seriously endangers the normal growth of cotton (). Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) could enhance salt tolerance by establishing symbiotic relationships with plants. Based on it, a pot experiment was conducted to simulate a salt environment in which cotton was inoculated with to explore its effects on the saline-alkali tolerance of cotton.

Vitamin E biofortification: enhancement of seed tocopherol concentrations by altered chlorophyll metabolism.

Homogentisate Phytyltransferase () catalyzes condensation of homogentisate (HGA) and phytyl diphosphate (PDP) to produce tocopherols, but can also synthesize tocotrienols using geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP) in plants engineered for deregulated HGA synthesis. In contrast to prior tocotrienol biofortification efforts, engineering enhanced tocopherol concentrations in green oilseeds has proven more challenging due to the integral role of chlorophyll metabolism in supplying the PDP substrate. This study show that RNAi suppression of coupled with overexpression increases tocopherol concentrations by >two-fold in Arabidopsis seeds.

Role of BcSfb3, the subunit of COPII vesicles, in fungal development and pathogenicity, ER-phagy and autophagy in the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea.

Cytoplasmic coat protein complex II (COPII) plays a multifunctional role in the transport of newly synthesized proteins, autophagosome formation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-ER-phagy. However, the molecular mechanisms of the COPII subunit in ER-phagy in plant pathogens remain unknown. Here, we identified the subunit of COPII vesicles (BcSfb3) and explored the importance of BcSfb3 in Botrytis cinerea.

Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Coexpression Networks and Hub Genes Involved in Papillae Development in .

is a genus of important ornamental plants with many colouring pattern variations. is the parent of Oriental hybrid lilies. A typical feature of is the presence of red-orange special raised spots named papillae on the interior tepals.

An integrated QTL mapping and transcriptome sequencing provides further molecular insights and candidate genes for stem strength in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.).

We detected the major QTL- qSR.A07, which regulated stem strength and was fine-mapped to 490 kb. BnaA07G0302800ZS and BnaA07G0305700ZS as the candidate functional genes were identified at qSR.

Controls of Mineral Solubility on Adsorption-Induced Molecular Fractionation of Dissolved Organic Matter Revealed by 21 T FT-ICR MS.

Mineral adsorption-induced molecular fractionation of dissolved organic matter (DOM) affects the composition of both DOM and OM adsorbed and thus stabilized by minerals. However, it remains unclear what mineral properties control the magnitude of DOM fractionation. Using a combined technique approach that leverages the molecular composition identified by ultrahigh resolution 21 T Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and adsorption isotherms, we catalogue the compositional differences that occur at the molecular level that results in fractionation due to adsorption of Suwannee River fulvic acid on aluminum (Al) and iron (Fe) oxides and a phyllosilicate (allophane) species of contrasting properties.

Genome-Wide Identification of DUF668 Gene Family and Expression Analysis under , Chilling, and Waterlogging Stresses in .

The domains of unknown function (DUF) superfamilies contain proteins with conserved amino acid sequences without known functions. Among them, DUF668 was indicated widely involving the stress response of plants. However, understanding ZoDUF668 is still lacking.

Adenine nucleotide translocase 2 (Ant2) is required for individualization of spermatogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster.

Successful completion of spermatogenesis is crucial for the perpetuation of the species. In Drosophila, spermatid individualization, a process involving changes in mitochondrial structure and function is critical to produce functional mature sperm. Ant2, encoding a mitochondrial adenine nucleotide translocase, is highly expressed in male testes and plays a role in energy metabolism in the mitochondria.

sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from L. in wetland.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, yellowish and glossy strain, C31, was isolated from a wetland plant L. located south of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain C31 showed similarity values of lower than 97.

Soil bacterium manipulates antifungal weapons by sensing intracellular type IVA secretion system effectors of a competitor.

Soil beneficial bacteria can effectively inhibit bacterial pathogens by assembling contact-dependent killing weapons, such as the type IVA secretion system (T4ASS). It's not clear whether these antibacterial weapons are involved in biotrophic microbial interactions in soil. Here we showed that an antifungal antibiotic 2,4-DAPG production of the soil bacterium, Pseudomonas protegens can be triggered by another soil bacterium, Lysobacter enzymogenes, via T4ASS by co-culturing on agar plates to mimic cell-to-cell contact.

Integrating biochemical and anatomical characterizations with transcriptome analysis to dissect superior stem strength of ZS11 ().

Stem lodging resistance is a serious problem impairing crop yield and quality. ZS11 is an adaptable and stable yielding rapeseed variety with excellent resistance to lodging. However, the mechanism regulating lodging resistance in ZS11 remains unclear.

First Report of Globisporangium spinosum Causing Root Rot of Panax notoginseng in China.

Panax notoginseng (Burkill) F.H. Chen, known as ''sanqi'', is widely used for its medicinal and tonic effects in China, such as treatment of cardiovascular diseases and antioxidant effects.

Genome-Wide Identification and Expression Analysis of the TIR-NBS-LRR Gene Family and Its Response to Fungal Disease in Rose ().

Roses, which are one of the world's most important ornamental plants, are often damaged by pathogens, resulting in serious economic losses. As a subclass of the disease resistance gene family of plant nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, TIR-NBS-LRR (TNL) genes play a vital role in identifying pathogen effectors and activating defense responses. However, a systematic analysis of the TNL gene family is rarely reported in roses.

First Report of Phytophthora infestans Causing Late Blight on Pepino (Solanum muricatum) in China.

Solanum muricatum, known as pepino or melon pear, is a species of evergreen shrub grown for its sweet edible fruits, which was introduced in Yunnan about 20 years ago. Since 2019 to now, serious blight disease was observed on foliages, haulms and fruits of pepino plants in Shilin (25°N, 103°E), which is the biggest pepino production area in China. The symptomatic blighted plants showed water-soaked and brown foliar lesions, haulm brown necrosis, black-brown and rotting fruits, and overall plant decline.

Genetic mapping of a single nuclear locus determines the white flesh color in watermelon ( L.).

Introduction: Flesh color is an important trait in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.). Several flesh color genes have been identified in watermelon; however, the inheritance of and the molecular basis underlying the white flesh trait remain largely unknown.

Characteristics and complete genome analysis of the novel virulent phage Bfsp1 infecting Cytobacillus firmus.

We isolated, identified, and characterised Bfsp1, a novel virulent phage of Cytobacillus firmus. Morphologically, Bfsp1 is similar to phi29-like phages. The linear, double-stranded DNA genome of Bfsp1 is 22,320 bp in length, has a GC content of 36.

The Role of in the Lobed Leaf Formation of var. .

A lobed leaf is a common trait in plants, but it is very rare in Lauraceae plants, including species of In the study of germplasm resources of , we found lobed leaf variant seedlings, and the variation could be inherited stably. Studying the lobed leaf mechanism of var. can offer insight into the leaf development mechanism of woody plants.

The Ethylene Response Factor ERF5 Regulates Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in 'Zijin' Mulberry Fruits by Interacting with and Genes.

Ethylene promotes ripening in fruits as well as the biosynthesis of anthocyanins in plants. However, the question of which ethylene response factors (ERFs) interact with the genes along the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is yet to be answered. Herein, we conduct an integrated analysis of transcriptomes and metabolome on fruits of two mulberry genotypes ('Zijin', ZJ, and 'Dashi', DS, with high and low anthocyanin abundance, respectively) at different post-flowering stages.

Toxicity of procymidone to Bombyx mori based on physiological and transcriptomic analysis.

Procymidone is widely used in vegetables and fruits because of its broad-spectrum and high efficiency. However, it is unclear whether procymidone can affect silkworm (Bombyx mori) growth and cocoon production. This study investigated the effects of procymidone on the growth and cocoon production of silkworms.